This surveyon the modernity of ethnomathematics addresses numerousthemes related both to ethnomathematics and culturally relevant pedagogy. Itoffers a broader view of mathematics, including ideas, concepts, procedures,processes, methods and practices rooted in distinct cultural environments. Inaddition, by reflecting on the social and political dimensions ofethnomathematics, another important aspect of this research program is thedevelopment of innovative approaches for a dynamic and globalizedsociety. Ethnomathematics recognizes that members of different culturesdevelop unique mathematical techniques, methods and explanations that allow foran alternative understanding and transformation of societal norms. Thetheoretical basis of ethnomathematics offers a valid alternative to traditionalstudies of history, philosophy, cognition and pedagogical aspects ofmathematics. Ethnomathematics' current agenda is to continue an ongoing,progressive trajectory that contributes to the achievement of social justice, peaceand dignity for all.