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Pathway Design for Industrial Fermentation
by Walter KochPathway Design for Industrial Fermentation Explore the industrial fermentation processes of chemical intermediates In Pathway Design for Industrial Fermentation, distinguished researcher Dr. Walter Koch delivers an expert overview on industrial fermentation production technology as compared with natural extraction, organic chemistry, and biocatalysis. The book offers key insights for professionals designing and monitoring fermentation processes. The author explores the applications, alternative production, biochemical pathways, metabolic engineering strategy, and downstream processing of various products—including C1 to C6 products—with a focus on low-value products with market prices below 4€ per kilogram. Products will include methane, ethane, acetate, lactic acid, alanine, and others. With specific commentary and insightful perspectives on the cost drivers and technological aspects critical to commercially successful applications, the book also includes: Thorough introductions to methane, ethanol, acetate, lactic acid, alanine, and 3-Hydroxypropionic acid Comprehensive explorations of 1,3-Propanediol, butanol, isobutanol, and isobutene Practical discussions of 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid, itaconic acid, and glutamic acid Fulsome treatments of isoprene, pentamethylenediamine, lysine, citric acid, and adipic acid Perfect for process engineers, biotechnologists, and chemical engineers, Pathway Design for Industrial Fermentation will also benefit biochemists and professionals working in the chemical and food industries.
Pathways Between Social Science and Computational Social Science: Theories, Methods, and Interpretations (Computational Social Sciences)
by Tamás Rudas Gábor PéliThis volume shows that the emergence of computational social science (CSS) is an endogenous response to problems from within the social sciences and not exogeneous. The three parts of the volume address various pathways along which CSS has been developing from and interacting with existing research frameworks. The first part exemplifies how new theoretical models and approaches on which CSS research is based arise from theories of social science. The second part is about methodological advances facilitated by CSS-related techniques. The third part illustrates the contribution of CSS to traditional social science topics, further attesting to the embedded nature of CSS. The expected readership of the volume includes researchers with a traditional social science background who wish to approach CSS, experts in CSS looking for substantive links to more traditional social science theories, methods and topics, and finally, students working in both fields.
Pathways Through Applied and Computational Physics
by Nicolò Barbero Matteo Delfino Carlo Palmisano Gianfranco ZosiThis book is intended for undergraduates and young researchers who wish to understand the role that different branches of physics and mathematics play in the execution of actual experiments. The unique feature of the book is that all the subjects addressed are strictly interconnected within the context of the execution of a single experiment with very high accuracy, namely the redetermination of the Avogadro constant NA, one of the fundamental physical constants. The authors illustrate how the basic laws of physics are applied to describe the behavior of the quantities involved in the measurement of NA and explain the mathematical reasoning and computational tools that have been exploited. It is emphasized that all these quantities, although pertaining to a specific experiment, are of wide and general interest. The book is organized into chapters covering the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with single crystals, linear elasticity and anisotropy, propagation of thermal energy, anti-vibration mounting systems, and data analysis and B-spline interpolation. An essential feature is the focus on the role of Mathematica, an invaluable, fully integrated software environment for handling diverse scientific and technical computations.
Pathways for Getting to Better Water Quality: The Citizen Effect
by Susan S. Brown Lois Wright MortonThis book is about accomplishing change in how land is managed in agricultural watersheds. Wide-ranging case studies repeatedly document that plans, policies, and regulations are not adequate substitutes for the empowerment of people. Ultimately change on the land is managed and accomplished by the people that live on land within each watershed.
Pathways of Power: Building an Anthropology of the Modern World
by Eric R. WolfPosthumous collection of one of the world's leading anthropologists, spanning well over half a century of scholarship and including both well-known pieces, lesser-known not-easily-accessible pieces, and a few entirely unpublished pieces.
Pathways of a Cell Biologist
by Shinya InouéThis book is the autobiography of Shinya Inoué, tracing his life from childhood to the present. Though he has made many contributions to science, perhaps the most remarkable one involves the visualization of dynamics in living cells by means of a polarizing light microscope, an innovation that changed the face of cell biology. Addressing readers curious to know why and how he achieved such success, the story begins with a prologue describing the end of World War II and Inoué's lifelong collaborator, the great cell biologist Katsuma Dan. Following the prologue, the author's childhood and teenage experiences during World War II are described, before the focus shifts to his scientific career and personal life. The book not only offers important tips for young researchers, it will also help them develop a passion for science.
Pathways to Astronomy (Fifth Edition)
by Thomas T. Arny Stephen E. SchneiderCreated by two veteran teachers of astronomy, both recipients of outstanding teaching awards, Pathways breaks down introductory astronomy into its component parts. The huge and fascinating field of astronomy is divided into 86 Units from which you can selectively choose topics according to your interests, while maintaining a natural flow of presentation. One of the frustrations created by other current astronomy textbooks is that each chapter covers such a wide array of topics that it is difficult for students to absorb the large amount of material, and the texts are wed to such a specific order of presentation that it is difficult for the professor to link the chapter readings and review questions to his or her own particular approach to teaching the subject. Whether you are learning astronomy for the first time or teaching it for the tenth, Pathways offers greater flexibility for exploring astronomy in the way you want to.
Pathways to Astronomy (Fourth Edition)
by Thomas Arny Stephen Schneider<p>Created by two veteran teachers of astronomy, both recipients of outstanding teaching awards, Pathways breaks down introductory astronomy into its component parts. The huge and fascinating field of astronomy is divided into 86 Units from which you can selectively choose topics according to your interests, while maintaining a natural flow of presentation. One of the frustrations created by other current astronomy textbooks is that each chapter covers such a wide array of topics that it is difficult for students to absorb the large amount of material, and the texts are wed to such a specific order of presentation that it is difficult for the professor to link the chapter readings and review questions to his or her own particular approach to teaching the subject. <p>Whether you are learning astronomy for the first time or teaching it for the tenth, Pathways offers greater flexibility for exploring astronomy in the way you want to. The Unit structure allows the new learner and the veteran professor to relate the text more clearly to college lectures. Each Unit is small enough to be easily tackled on its own or read as an adjunct to the classroom lecture. For the faculty member who is designing a course to relate to current events in astronomy or a particular theme, the structure of Pathways makes it easier to assign reading and worked problems that are relevant to each topic. For the student of astronomy, Pathways makes it easier to digest each topic and to clearly relate each Unit to lecture material.</p>
Pathways to Exploration: Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space Exploration
by Committee on Human SpaceflightThe United States has publicly funded its human spaceflight program on a continuous basis for more than a half-century, through three wars and a half-dozen recessions, from the early Mercury and Gemini suborbital and Earth orbital missions, to the lunar landings, and thence to the first reusable winged crewed spaceplane that the United States operated for three decades. Today the United States is the major partner in a massive orbital facility - the International Space Station - that is becoming the focal point for the first tentative steps in commercial cargo and crewed orbital space flights. And yet, the long-term future of human spaceflight beyond this project is unclear. Pronouncements by multiple presidents of bold new ventures by Americans to the Moon, to Mars, and to an asteroid in its native orbit, have not been matched by the same commitment that accompanied President Kennedy\'s now fabled 1961 speech-namely, the substantial increase in NASA funding needed to make it happen. Are we still committed to advancing human spaceflight? What should a long-term goal be, and what does the United States need to do to achieve it? "Pathways to Exploration" explores the case for advancing this endeavor, drawing on the history of rationales for human spaceflight, examining the attitudes of stakeholders and the public, and carefully assessing the technical and fiscal realities. This report recommends maintaining the long-term focus on Mars as the horizon goal for human space exploration. With this goal in mind, the report considers funding levels necessary to maintain a robust tempo of execution, current research and exploration projects and the time/resources needed to continue them, and international cooperation that could contribute to the achievement of spaceflight to Mars. According to "Pathways to Exploration," a successful U. S. program would require sustained national commitment and a budget that increases by more than the rate of inflation. In reviving a U. S. human exploration program capable of answering the enduring questions about humanity's destiny beyond our tiny blue planet, the nation will need to grapple with the attitudinal and fiscal realities of the nation today while staying true to a small but crucial set of fundamental principles for the conduct of exploration of the endless frontier. The recommendations of "Pathways to Exploration" provide a clear map toward a human spaceflight program that inspires students and citizens by furthering human exploration and discovery, while taking into account the long-term commitment necessary to achieve this goal.
Pathways to Modern Chemical Physics
by Salvatore CalifanoIn this historical volume Salvatore Califano traces the developments of ideas and theories in physical and theoretical chemistry throughout the 20th century. This seldom-told narrative provides details of topics from thermodynamics to atomic structure, radioactivity and quantum chemistry. Califano's expertise as a physical chemist allows him to judge the historical developments from the point of view of modern chemistry. This detailed and unique historical narrative is fascinating for chemists working in the fields of physical chemistry and is also a useful resource for science historians who will enjoy access to material not previously dealt with in a coherent way.
Pathways to Prominence in Neuropsychology: Reflections of Twentieth-Century Pioneers
by Anthony Y. Stringer Eileen L. Cooley Anne-Lise ChristensenCaptures the stories behind the work of the clinicians and scholars who have contributed significantly to neuropsychology's development.
Pathways to the Origin and Evolution of Meanings in the Universe (Astrobiology Perspectives on Life in the Universe)
by Alexei A. Sharov George E. MikhailovskyPathways to the Origin and Evolition of Meanings in the Universe The book explains why meaning is a part of the universe populated by life, and how organisms generate meanings and then use them for creative transformation of the environment and themselves. This book focuses on interdisciplinary research at the intersection of biology, semiotics, philosophy, ethology, information theory, and the theory of evolution. Such a broad approach provides a rich context for the study of organisms and other semiotic agents in their environments. This methodology can be applied to robotics and artificial intelligence for developing robust, adaptable learning devices. In this book, leading interdisciplinary scholars reveal their vision on how to integrate natural sciences with semiotics, a theory of meaning-making and signification. Developments in biology indicate that the capacity to create and understand signs is not limited to humans or vertebrate animals, but exists in all living organisms - the fact that inspired the integration of biology and semiotics into biosemiotics. The authors discuss the nature of semiotic agents (organisms and other autonomous goal-directed units), meaning, signs, information, memory, evolution, and consciousness. Also discussed are issues including the origin of life, potential meaning and its actualization, top-down causality in physics and biology, capacity of organisms to encode their functions, the strategy of organisms to combine homeostasis with direct adaptation to new life-cycle phases or new environments, multi-level memory systems, increase of freedom via enabling constraints, creative modeling in evolution and learning, communication in animals and humans, the origin and function of language, and the distribution and transfer of life in space. This is the first book on biosemiotics in its global conceptual and spatial scope. Biosemiotics is presented using the language of natural sciences, which supports the scientific grounding of semiotic terms. Finally, the cosmic dimension of life and meaning-making leads to a reconsideration of ethical principles and ecological mentality here on earth and in space exploration. Audience Theoretical biologists, ethologists, astrobiologists, ecologists, evolutionary biologists, philosophers, phenomenologists, semioticians, biosemioticians, molecular biologists, linguists, system scientists and engineers.
Patient Centric Blood Sampling and Quantitative Analysis (Wiley Series on Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology: Practices, Applications and Methods)
by Mike S. Lee Neil Spooner Emily Ehrenfeld Joe SiplePATIENT CENTRIC BLOOD SAMPLING AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS Authoritative resource providing a complete overview of patient centric blood sampling, as well as its benefits and challenges Patient Centric Blood Sampling and Quantitative Analysis focuses on the growing interest in alternative means to standard phlebotomy and analytical workflows for the collection and analysis of high-quality human biological samples for the quantitative determination of circulating drugs, their metabolites, and endogenous substances for clinical trials, routine healthcare and neonatal screening. The book clearly explains the benefits and constraints of having patients collect small volumes of blood in locations outside of a clinic (e.g at home), including: patient convenience; less invasive procedures; increased frequency of sampling; applicability to collecting samples from the young, elderly, and those in remote locations; greater frequency; and lower cost per sample. Readers will learn about approaches for successfully implementing patient centric sampling workflows in a number of scenarios, including the clinical setting and in the analytical laboratory. Edited by four recognized experts in this field, with additional specialists in the discipline enlisted to write the component chapters, enabling greater depth and detail to be added and further raising the scientific standing of the publication, Patient Centric Blood Sampling and Quantitative Analysis includes information on: Basics of patient centric blood sampling and techniques and approaches that are available and in development for the collection and analysis of the samples Science behind patient centric blood sampling and its implications regarding human healthcare and wellbeing Application areas of patient centric sampling, including drug development, clinical chemistry/pathology, therapeutic drug monitoring, and more Practical approaches to successful implementation for existing and developing purposes and workflows, and case studies to support implementation within an organization Giving the reader a broad understanding of what patient centric sampling is and where it might be applied for existing and potential future areas, Patient Centric Blood Sampling and Quantitative Analysis is an essential resource on the subject for many different types of laboratories, areas of clinical research and healthcare, including those in pharmaceutical, clinical, and research functions.
Patient Compliance with Medications: Issues and Opportunities
by Richard SchulzImprove your patient&’s health through a fresh view of their behaviorsPatients who use over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicine often do not take the drugs as intended, sometimes to the detriment to their health and well-being. These widespread problems cause health professionals to agonize over how to try to make sure pati
Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness, and Family Secrets
by Luke Dittrich"Oliver Sacks meets Stephen King"* in this propulsive, haunting journey into the life of the most studied human research subject of all time, the amnesic known as Patient H.M., a man who forever altered our understanding of how memory works--and whose treatment raises deeply unsettling questions about the human cost of scientific progress. For readers of The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks comes a story that has much to teach us about our relentless pursuit of knowledge. *Kirkus Reviews (starred review) In 1953, a twenty-seven-year-old factory worker named Henry Molaison--who suffered from severe epilepsy--received a radical new version of the then-common lobotomy, targeting the most mysterious structures in the brain. The operation failed to eliminate Henry's seizures, but it did have an unintended effect: Henry was left profoundly amnesic, unable to create long-term memories. Over the next sixty years, Patient H.M., as Henry was known, became the most studied individual in the history of neuroscience, a human guinea pig who would teach us much of what we know about memory today. Patient H.M. is, at times, a deeply personal journey. Dittrich's grandfather was the brilliant, morally complex surgeon who operated on Molaison--and thousands of other patients. The author's investigation into the dark roots of modern memory science ultimately forces him to confront unsettling secrets in his own family history, and to reveal the tragedy that fueled his grandfather's relentless experimentation--experimentation that would revolutionize our understanding of ourselves. Dittrich uses the case of Patient H.M. as a starting point for a kaleidoscopic journey, one that moves from the first recorded brain surgeries in ancient Egypt to the cutting-edge laboratories of MIT. He takes readers inside the old asylums and operating theaters where psychosurgeons, as they called themselves, conducted their human experiments, and behind the scenes of a bitter custody battle over the ownership of the most important brain in the world. Patient H.M. combines the best of biography, memoir, and science journalism to create a haunting, endlessly fascinating story, one that reveals the wondrous and devastating things that can happen when hubris, ambition, and human imperfection collide.Praise for Patient H.M."An exciting, artful blend of family and medical history."--The New York Times"Patient H.M. tells one of the most fascinating and disturbing stories in the annals of medicine, weaving in ethics, philosophy, a personal saga, the history of neurosurgery, the mysteries of human memory, and an exploration of human ego."--Sheri Fink, M.D., Pulitzer Prize winner and author of Five Days at Memorial "Dittrich explores the limits of science and the mind. In the process, he rescues an iconic life from oblivion. Dittrich is well aware that while we are the sum of what we may remember, we're also at the mercy of what we can forget. This is classic reporting and myth-making at the same time."--Colum McCann, author of Let the Great World Spin "This book succeeds on every level: as a fresh look at the most famous patient in medical history, as an exposé of our dark history of psychiatry and neurosurgery, and, most powerfully, as a deeply personal investigation into the author's past. And yet it's still a page-turner that reads like a thriller."--Susannah Cahalan, author of Brain on FireFrom the Hardcover edition.
Patient Zero: A Curious History of the World's Worst Diseases
by Lydia Kang Nate PedersenFrom the masters of storytelling-meets-science and co-authors of Quackery, Patient Zero tells the long and fascinating history of disease outbreaks—how they start, how they spread, the science that lets us understand them, and how we race to destroy them before they destroy us. Written in the authors&’ lively and accessible style, chapters include page-turning medical stories about a particular disease or virus—smallpox, Bubonic plague, polio, HIV—that combine &“Patient Zero&” narratives, or the human stories behind outbreaks, with historical examinations of missteps, milestones, scientific theories, and more. Learn the tragic stories of Patient Zeros throughout history, such as Mabalo Lokela, who contracted Ebola while on vacation in 1976, and the Lewis Baby on London&’s Broad Street, the first to catch cholera in an 1854 outbreak that led to a major medical breakthrough. Interspersed are origin stories of a different sort—how a rye fungus in 1951 turned a small village in France into a phantasmagoric scene reminiscent of Burning Man. Plus the uneasy history of human autopsy, how the HIV virus has been with us for at least a century, and more.
Patient-Specific Computational Modeling
by Begoña Calvo Lopez Estefanía PeñaThis book addresses patient-specific modeling. It integrates computational modeling, experimental procedures, imagine clinical segmentation and mesh generation with the finite element method (FEM) to solve problems in computational biomedicine and bioengineering. Specific areas of interest include cardiovascular problems, ocular and muscular systems and soft tissue modeling. Patient-specific modeling has been the subject of serious research over the last seven years and interest in the area is continually growing and this area is expected to further develop in the near future.
Patient-Specific Modeling in Tomorrow's Medicine
by Amit GefenThis book reviews the frontier of research and clinical applications of Patient Specific Modeling, and provides a state-of-the-art update as well as perspectives on future directions in this exciting field. The book is useful for medical physicists, biomedical engineers and other engineers who are interested in the science and technology aspects of Patient Specific Modeling, as well as for radiologists and other medical specialists who wish to be updated about the state of implementation.
Patient-Specific Modeling of the Cardiovascular System
by Roy C.P. KerckhoffsThe main purpose of the book is to demonstrate the design of a variety of patient-specific models within the cardiovascular system in computational biology. The maturation of computational biology could lead to a new approach to medicine. During the last five to ten years, there have been many improvements in diagnostic medical technologies such as multi-slice cardiac CT imaging, 3-D electroanatomic mapping, and many types of applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (i.e. magnetic resonance tagging and diffusion tensor imaging). Combined with more powerful computing resources and more accurate predictive computational models it is feasible to begin developing mechanistic patient-specific models that may help diagnosis, guide therapy or surgery, and predict outcomes of the latter. Many questions need to be answered before computational modeling can be fully integrated with standard care, such as what is the minimal data set needed from the patient in order to build a reliable predictive model? What accuracy is needed? How will the initial baseline model be validated? What are reasonable computation times? Is some type of perturbation of the patient's physiology necessary? How could they be integrated with current practices? Are physicians willing to accept these models? These questions will also serve as guidelines throughout the chapters. The book will try to cover, such as cardiac electrophysiology, cardiac (muscle) mechanics, circulation dynamics, arterial and venous flow, angiogenesis, remodeling, metabolism, or combinations between these such as cardiac electromechanics or fluid-solid interactions.
Patient-Specific Stem Cells
by Deepak A. LambaOne of the biggest challenges faced in medical research had been to create accurate and relevant models of human disease. A number of good animal models have been developed to understand the pathophysiology. However, not all of them reflect the human disorder, a classic case being Usher’s syndrome where the mutant mice do not have the same visual and auditory defects that patients face. There are others which have been even more difficult to model due to the multi-factorial nature of the condition and due to lack of discovery of a single causative gene such as age-related macular degeneration or Alzheimer’s syndrome. Thus a more relevant and accurate system will allow us to make better predictions on relevant therapeutic approaches. <P><P>The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells in 1998 followed by the technological advances to reprogram somatic cells to pluripotent-stem cell-like cells in 2006 has completely revolutionized the way we can now think about modelling human development and disease. This now coupled with genome editing technologies such as TALENS and CRISPRs have now set us up to develop in vitro models both 2D as well as 3D organoids, which can more precisely reflect the disease in the patients. These combinatorial technologies are already providing us with better tools and therapeutics in drug discovery or gene therapy. <P><P>This book summarizes both the technological advances in the field of generation of patient specific lines as well as various gene editing approaches followed by its applicability in various systems. The book will serve as a reference for the current state of the field as it: <li>Provides a comprehensive overview of the status of the field of patients derived induced pluripotent stem cells. <li>Describes the use of cardiac cells as a main featured component within the book. <li>Examines drug toxicity analysis as a working example throughout the book.
Patient-based Approaches to Cognitive Neuroscience (2nd edition)
by Martha J. Farah Todd E. FeinbergIn addition to the updated coverage of perception, attention, memory, language, executive function, and development, the new edition includes expanded material on functional neuroimaging of normal subjects and of neurological patients, electrophysiological methods including TMS, and the genetics of neurocognitive disorders.
Patienten mit Gedächtnisstörungen: Eine Einführung für Psychotherapeutinnen und -therapeuten (essentials)
by Volker VölzkeGedächtnisstörungen im Alltag beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen und haben auch Auswirkungen auf die therapeutische Vorgehensweise. Kenntnisse zu Diagnostik, Therapie und Kompensation von Gedächtnisstörungen unterschiedlicher Verursachung verbessern die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten in bedeutsamer Weise. Volker Völzke vermittelt in diesem essential praxisbezogenes Basiswissen: Welche Diagnostik und welche Hilfsmittel gibt es und was bedeuten die Gedächtnisdefizite für die Therapie und Beratung? Kann eine Psychotherapie mit Menschen mit Gedächtnisstörungen überhaupt erfolgreich durchgeführt werden? Wie können Personen, die Patienten mit Gedächtnisstörungen versorgen, qualifiziert unterstützt und beraten werden?
Patienten mit intrakraniellen Tumoren: Neuropsychologie – Psychoonkologie – Psychotherapie: Eine Einführung (essentials)
by Simone GoebelDieses essential gibt einen Kurzüberblick über psychosoziale Aspekte von Patienten mit Hirntumoren. Die Arbeit mit dieser besonderen Patientengruppe erfordert spezifische Kenntnisse in den Bereichen Neuropsychologie, Psychoonkologie und Psychotherapie, die praxisnah vermittelt werden. Patienten mit intrakraniellen Tumoren zählen zu den am stärksten belasteten Patientengruppen überhaupt. Sie sind nicht nur von allen Belastungsfaktoren onkologischer Erkrankungen betroffen, zu welchen zum Beispiel die langwierige und nebenwirkungsreiche medizinische Therapie oder die oft verringerte Lebenserwartung zählen, sondern auch von allen Belastungsfaktoren neurologischer Erkrankungen, worunter auch neuropsychologische Veränderungen wie kognitive Defizite, eine verminderte Kommunikationsfähigkeit und organisch bedingte Persönlichkeitsveränderungen fallen.
Patients with Memory Disorders: An Introduction for Psychotherapists (essentials)
by Volker VölzkeMemory disorders in everyday life impair the quality of life of those affected and also have an impact on the therapeutic approach. Knowledge of the diagnosis, therapy and compensation of memory disorders of various causes significantly improves the therapeutic options. Volker Völzke imparts in this essential practice-related basic knowledge: What diagnostics and what tools are available and what do memory deficits mean for therapy and counselling? Can psychotherapy with people with memory disorders be carried out successfully at all? How can people who care for patients with memory disorders be given qualified support and advice?
Patrick Moore's Astronomy: A Complete Introduction: Teach Yourself
by Percy Seymour Sir Patrick MooreAstronomy: A Complete Introduction will ensure you recognize what you are seeing in the night sky. You will investigate the sun, moon, planets comets and stars and learn how to observe them. This comprehensive guide, complete with star charts, will map out the skies and allow you to impress your friends with your knowledge of the sky at night.Astronomy: A Complete Introduction includes:Chapter 1: Introducing AstronomyChapter 2: The spinning skyChapter 3: Sky-watchersChapter 4: The astronomer's telescopeChapter 5: Into spaceChapter 6: The SunChapter 7: The MoonChapter 8: The Sun's familyChapter 9: The inner planetsChapter 10: The outer planetsChapter 11: Minor members of the Solar SystemChapter 12: The starsChapter 13: Pattern of starsChapter 14: Double and variable starsChapter 15: The life and times of a starChapter 16: The Star-clusters and nebulaeChapter 17: The depths of the universeChapter 18: Into the future - life beyond the Earth