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Archimedes in the 21st Century: Proceedings of a World Conference at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (Trends in the History of Science)
by Chris RorresThis book is a collection of papers presented at the "Archimedes in the 21st Century" world conference, held at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences in 2013. This conference focused on the enduring and continuing influence of Archimedes in our modern world, celebrating his centuries of influence on mathematics, science, and engineering. Archimedes planted the seeds for a myriad of seminal ideas that would grow over the ages. Each chapter surveys the growth of one or more of these seeds, and the fruit that they continue to bear to this day. The conference speakers contributing to this book are actively involved in STEM fields whose origins trace back to Archimedes, many of whom have conducted and published research that extends Archimedes' work into the 21st century. The speakers are not historians, so while historical context is provided, this book is uniquely focused on the works themselves as opposed to their history. The breadth and depth of Archimedes' influence will inspire, delight, and even surprise readers from a variety of fields and interests including historians, mathematicians, scientists, and engineers. Only a modest background in math is required to read this book, making it accessible to curious readers of all ages.
Archimedes: Ancient Greek Mathematician
by Susan KeatingModern life would be very different without the ideas of brilliant Greek scholar Archimedes. From the simple lever to complicated machines, his work in mathematics, physics, engineering, and astronomy helped to shape the world we live in today. Few thinkers of any time period have had as big an impact on math and science as the genius Archimedes. Learn the story of one of the most important mathematic thinkers of all time in Archimedes: Ancient Greek Mathematician.
Architectural Design Strategies for Saving Energy in Buildings: An Architect's View
by Ana-Maria DabijaArchitectural Design Strategies for Saving Energy in Buildings: An Architect's View employs an architect’s perspective, defined equally as art and engineering science, to the contemporary concept of designing buildings that use less energy. This approach to lowering energy consumption via integrated measures (both passive and active) offers a nuanced perspective on managing building efficiency — that energy saving is not a target in itself but results as a consequence of the architectural concept. The book does not provide calculations or levels of performance. Rather, by sticking to qualitative principles of architectural design and analyzing and using the force and laws of nature in shaping the built space, the author argues for decreasing energy consumption through the process of design, the principles of building physics, the volume of the building itself, and spatial configuration as it relates to the costs of operating the building. This approach contrasts the traditional construction system of only providing a thermal insulated ”blanket” over the envelope and equipment that produces energy from unconventional sources, which can be calculated according to regulations. Amidst the current discourse on sustainability and energy efficiency, this book offers a thought-provoking read for professionals in architecture, civil engineering, and construction, as well as graduate students in related courses. It presents an architect's approach to nearly zero-emission building design, analyses architectural strategies that efficiently use energy in buildings, and examines famous buildings and their innovative design as examples of good practice.
Architectural Exaptation: When Function Follows Form (Routledge Research in Architecture)
by Telmo Pievani Alessandro Melis Jose Antonio Lara-HernandezArchitectural Exaptation: When Function Follows Form focuses on the significance and the originality of the study of exaptation. It presents exaptation as an opportunity to extend architectural design towards more sustainable approaches aimed at enforcing urban resilience.The use of exaptation’s definition in architecture supports the heuristic value of cross-disciplinary studies on biology and architecture, which seem even more relevant in times of global environmental crises. This book aims to make a critique of the pre-existing and extensive paternalistic literature. Exaptation will be described as a functional shift of a structure that already had a prior, but different, function. In architecture, a functional shift of a structure that already had a function may apply to forms of decorative elements embedded in architectural components, and to both change of function of tectonic elements and the change of use of an architectural space. The book is illustrated with examples from around the globe, including China, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, the USA and the UK, and looks at different civilizations and diverse historical periods, ranging from the urban to the architectural scale. Such examples highlight the potential and latent human creative capacity to change the use and functions, something that cities and buildings could consider when facing disturbances. Exaptation is shown as an alternative narrative to the simplifications of evolutionary puritanism. It also offers an innovative perspective and presents an opportunity to re-think the manner in which we design and redesign our cities.This book will be of interest to architecture, planning, urban design and biology researchers and students.
Architectural Interior Lighting
by Gurkan OzenenArchitectural Interior Lighting is an essential guide to creating well-lit, visually appealing interior spaces. The book begins with an overview of light and color theory, lighting fundamentals, and design principles. It then covers artificial, natural, decorative, and professional lighting in interior design, as well as standards and regulations, controls and systems, sustainable lighting, energy efficiency, light pollution reduction, and the use of environmentally friendly materials. With a focus on practical applications and real-world examples, this book provides readers with the tools and knowledge necessary to achieve their design goals while considering the latest trends and techniques in the field. A valuable resource for professionals and students in architecture and lighting design, it will also appeal to anyone interested in creating visually stunning and functional interior spaces.
Architectural, Construction, Environmental and Digital Technologies for Future Cities: Experience and Challenges from Russian Cities (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #227)
by Vladimir Faerman Natalia Potienko Elena Ahmedova Antonina KarlinaThis book offers an overview of Russian and international experience in developing the concept of future cities and its practical implementation. The concept of future cities is associated with several important trends. The first trend is the sustainable development of the urban environment and the implementation of eco-friendly technologies and materials in civil construction, industrial and power plants. The harmonious coexistence of the citizens with all forms of nature in the urban habitat becomes a great value. The second trend is the individualization of the aesthetical and architectural image of the future cities. The city's unique flavor based on the blending of the historical legacy and architectural traditions is now as important as the utility of the environment. The third trend is the digitalization of the urban environment with the use of state-of-the-art sensors, information and communication technologies, and data science. The efficiency of operations and services achieved by the extensive use of complex IoT networks becomes a value as well. The last trend is the adaptation of the urban and social environment for individual demands of a community and a person. Individual comfort and safety are now more important than ever before. By addressing these trends, the volume discusses local and international plans, practices, and technologies aimed at the development and implementation of future cities.
Architectural, Energy and Information Engineering: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Architectural, Energy and Information Engineering (AEIE 2015), Xiamen, China, May 19-20, 2015
by Ran Chen Wen-Pei SungThis proceedings volume brings together selected peer-reviewed papers presented at the 2015 International Conference on Architectural, Energy and Information Engineering (AEIE 2015), held July 15-16, 2015 in Hong Kong, China. The proceedings are divided into two parts, Architectural, Energy and Environmental Engineering and Information Enginee
Architecture Follows Nature-Biomimetic Principles for Innovative Design (Biomimetics Series)
by Ilaria MazzoleniThis full-color volume proposes an innovative methodology that uses the functional aspects of nature to inspire improvements in building design and form, encouraging designers to apply biomimetic principles to architectural processes. The book focuses on the analysis of various animal skins, translating the principles of communication, thermoregulation, water balance, and protection into the built environment. Illustrating how biomimetic principles can create a more sustainable way of building, this is the first time the author's new methodology-as well as the 12 case studies-has been published.
Architecture Inspired by Nature: Experimenting Bionics
by María Rosa Cervera Sardá Elena-Codina Dușoiu Tana Nicoleta LascuThe book brings together the research completed during 10 editions of International Seminars of Bionics, organized by the School of Architecture of the University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, several of them in partnership with the “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism, Bucharest, carried out in Spain and in Romania. The articles here consider advanced bionic design principles, implementing them to an impressive variety of application fields, including, but not limited to, urban planning and landscape, public space, architecture and building structures, design and detailing, application of natural dynamic processes, bio-digital architecture, innovative materials based on living organisms (micro-algae), and nano-modified materials. A particular focus is given to light and perception of light. To illustrate the principles developed, this contributed volume includes descriptions and full-color images of the experimental projects created during the workshops held in the framework of these ISB meetings: Learning from Nature, Integrating Bionics (2009); Adaptability, Efficiency and Biostructures (2010); Bionics and Innovation (2011); Forms and Structures Inspired by Nature (2016, 2017); Furniture Inspired by Natural Models (2018); Relation between Structure and Envelope: Light Structures (2019); Light, from Nature to Architecture. Structures Inspired in Nature (2020); Light in Architecture and Design: A Bionic Perspective (2021); Sustainable Thinking and Bionics (2022).
Architecture and Design of Molecule Logic Gates and Atom Circuits: Proceedings of the 2nd AtMol European Workshop (Advances in Atom and Single Molecule Machines)
by Christian Joachim Nicolas LorenteHave you ever puzzled over how to perform Boolean logic at the atomic scale? Or wondered how you can carry out more general calculations in one single molecule or using a surface dangling bond atomic scale circuit? This volume gives you an update on the design of single molecule devices, such as recitfiers, switches and transistors, more advanced semi-classical and quantum boolean gates integrated in a single molecule or constructed atom by atom on a passivated semi-conductor surface and describes their interconnections with adapted nano-scale wiring. The main contributors to the field of single molecule logic gates and surface dangling bond atomic scale circuits theory and design, were brought together for the first time to contribute on topics such as molecule circuits, surface dangling bond circuits, quantum controlled logic gates and molecular qubits. Contributions in this volume originate from the Barcelona workshop of the AtMol conference series, held from January 12-13 2012.
Architecture and Urbanism: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Architecture and Urban Planning, Cairo, Egypt
by Shaimaa Kamel Hanan Sabry Ghada F. Hassan Mostafa Refat Abeer Elshater Ahmed S. Abd Elrahman Doaa K. Hassan Rowaida RashedThis proceedings addresses the challenges of urbanization that gravely affect the world’s ecosystems. To become efficiently sustainable and regenerative, buildings and cities need to adopt smart solutions. This book discusses innovations of the built environment while depicting how such practices can transform future buildings and urban areas into places of higher value and quality. The book aims to examine the interrelationship between people, nature and technology, which is essential in pursuing smart environments that optimize human wellbeing, motivation and vitality, as well as promoting cohesive and inclusive societies: Urban Sociology - Community Involvement - Place-making and Cultural Continuity – Environmental Psychology - Smart living - Just City. The book presents exemplary practical experiences that reflect smart strategies, technologies and innovations, by established and emerging professionals, provides a forum of real-life discourse. The primary audience for the work will be from the fields of architecture, urban planning and built-environment systems, including multi-disciplinary academics as well as professionals.
Architecture is a Verb
by Sarah RobinsonArchitecture is a Verb outlines an approach that shifts the fundamental premises of architectural design and practice in several important ways. First, it acknowledges the centrality of the human organism as an active participant interdependent in its environment. Second, it understands human action in terms of radical embodiment—grounding the range of human activities traditionally attributed to mind and cognition: imagining, thinking, remembering—in the body. Third, it asks what a building does—that is, extends the performative functional interpretation of design to interrogate how buildings move and in turn move us, how they shape thought and action. Finally, it is committed to articulating concrete situations by developing a taxonomy of human/building interactions. Written in engaging prose for students of architecture, interiors and urban design, as well as practicing professionals, Sarah Robinson offers richly illustrated practical examples for a new generation of designers.
Architecture, Astronomy and Sacred Landscape in Ancient Egypt
by Giulio MagliThis book examines the interplay between astronomy and dynastic power in the course of ancient Egyptian history, focusing on the fundamental role of astronomy in the creation of the pyramids and the monumental temple and burial complexes. Bringing to bear the analytical tools of archaeoastronomy, a set of techniques and methods that enable modern scholars to better understand the thought, religion, and science of early civilizations, Giulio Magli provides in-depth analyses of the pyramid complexes at Giza, Abusir, Saqqara, and Dahshur, as well as of the Early Dynastic necropolis at Abydos and the magnificent new Kingdom Theban temples. Using a variety of data retrieved from study of the sky and measurements of the buildings, he reconstructs the visual, symbolic, and spiritual world of the ancient Egyptians and thereby establishes an intimate relationship among celestial cycles, topography, and architecture. He also shows how they were deployed in the ideology of the pharaoh's power in the course of Egyptian history.
Architecture: From Prehistory to Climate Emergency (Pelican Books)
by Barnabas CalderA groundbreaking history of architecture told through the relationship between buildings and energyThe story of architecture is the story of humanity. The buildings we live in, from the humblest pre-historic huts to today's skyscrapers, reveal our priorities and ambitions, our family structures and power structures. And to an extent that hasn't been explored until now, architecture has been shaped in every era by our access to energy, from fire to farming to fossil fuels.In this ground-breaking history of world architecture, Barnabas Calder takes us on a dazzling tour of some of the most astonishing buildings of the past fifteen thousand years, from Uruk, via Ancient Rome and Victorian Liverpool, to China's booming megacities. He reveals how every building - from the Parthenon to the Great Mosque of Damascus to a typical Georgian house - was influenced by the energy available to its architects, and why this matters.Today architecture consumes so much energy that 40% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions come from the construction and running of buildings. If we are to avoid catastrophic climate change then now, more than ever, we need beautiful but also intelligent buildings, and to retrofit - not demolish - those that remain. Both a celebration of human ingenuity and a passionate call for greater sustainability, this is a history of architecture for our times.
Architectures and Synthesizers for Ultra-low Power Fast Frequency-Hopping WSN Radios (Analog Circuits and Signal Processing)
by Arthur H.M. van Roermund Emanuele Lopelli Johan van der TangWireless sensor networks have the potential to become the third wireless revolution after wireless voice networks in the 80s and wireless data networks in the late 90s. Unfortunately, radio power consumption is still a major bottleneck to the wide adoption of this technology. Different directions have been explored to minimize the radio consumption, but the major drawback of the proposed solutions is a reduced wireless link robustness. The primary goal of Architectures and Synthesizers for Ultra-low Power Fast Frequency-Hopping WSN Radios is to discuss, in detail, existing and new architectural and circuit level solutions for ultra-low power, robust, uni-directional and bi-directional radio links. Architectures and Synthesizers for Ultra-low Power Fast Frequency-Hopping WSN Radios guides the reader through the many system, circuit and technology trade-offs he will be facing in the design of communication systems for wireless sensor networks. Finally, this book, through different examples realized in both advanced CMOS and bipolar technologies opens a new path in the radio design, showing how radio link robustness can be guaranteed by techniques that were previously exclusively used in radio systems for middle or high end applications like Bluetooth and military communications while still minimizing the overall system power consumption.
Architectures of Small-Cell Networks and Interference Management (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Tho Le-Ngoc Duy Trong NgoThis Springer Brief presents the architectures of small-cell networks and recent advances in interference management. The key challenges and values of small cells are first introduced, followed by the reviews of various small-cell architectures and interference management techniques in both heterogeneous CDMA and heterogeneous OFDMA small-cell networks. New adaptive power control and dynamic spectrum access techniques are discussed to promote a harmonized coexistence of diverse network entities in both 3G and 4G small-cell networks. Analytically devised from optimization and game theories, autonomous solutions are shown to effectively manage the intra-tier and cross-tier interferences in small cells. Informative and practical, this Springer Brief is designed for researchers and professionals working in networking and resource management. The content is also valuable for advanced-level students interested in network communications and power allocation.
Archives of the Universe: 100 Discoveries that Transformed Our Understanding of the Cosmos
by Marcia BartusiakAn unparalleled history of astronomy presented in the words of the scientists who made the discoveries. Here are the writings of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, Halley, Hubble, and Einstein, as well as that of dozens of others who have significantly contributed to our picture of the universe. From Aristotle's proof that the Earth is round to the 1998 paper that posited an accelerating universe, this book contains 100 entries spanning the history of astronomy. Award-winning science writer Marcia Bartusiak provides enormously entertaining introductions, putting the material in context and explaining its place in the literature. Archives of the Universeis essential reading for professional astronomers, science history buffs, and backyard stargazers alike.
Arctic Ecology
by David N. ThomasThe Arctic is often portrayed as being isolated, but the reality is that the connectivity with the rest of the planet is huge, be it through weather patterns, global ocean circulation, and large-scale migration patterns to name but a few. There is a huge amount of public interest in the ‘changing Arctic’, especially in terms of the rapid changes taking place in ecosystems and exploitation of resources. There can be no doubt that the Arctic is at the forefront of the international environmental science agenda, both from a scientific aspect, and also from a policy/environmental management perspective. This book aims to stimulate a wide audience to think about the Arctic by highlighting the remarkable breadth of what it means to study its ecology. Arctic Ecology seeks to systematically introduce the diverse array of ecologies within the Arctic region. As the Arctic rapidly changes, understanding the fundamental ecology underpinning the Arctic is paramount to understanding the consequences of what such change will inevitably bring about. Arctic Ecology is designed to provide graduate students of environmental science, ecology and climate change with a source where Arctic ecology is addressed specifically, with issues due to climate change clearly discussed. It will also be of use to policy-makers, researchers and international agencies who are focusing on ecological issues and effects of global climate change in the Arctic. About the Editor David N. Thomas is Professor of Arctic Ecosystem Research in the Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki. Previously he spent 24 years in the School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Wales. He studies marine systems, with a particular emphasis on sea ice and land-coast interactions in the Arctic and Southern Oceans as well as the Baltic Sea. He also edited a related book: Sea Ice, 3rd Edition (2017), which is also published by Wiley-Blackwell.
Arctic Environmental Modernities: From the Age of Polar Exploration to the Era of the Anthropocene (Palgrave Studies in World Environmental History)
by Lill-Ann Körber Anna Westerståhl Stenport Scott MacKenzieThis book offers a diverse and groundbreaking account of the intersections between modernities and environments in the circumpolar global North, foregrounding the Arctic as a critical space of modernity, where the past, present, and future of the planet’s environmental and political systems are projected and imagined. Investigating the Arctic region as a privileged site of modernity, this book articulates the globally significant, but often overlooked, junctures between environmentalism and sustainability, indigenous epistemologies and scientific rhetoric, and decolonization strategies and governmentality. With international expertise made easily accessible, readers can observe and understand the rise and conflicted status of Arctic modernities, from the nineteenth century polar explorer era to the present day of anthropogenic climate change.
Arctic Hydrology, Permafrost and Ecosystems
by Daqing Yang Douglas L. KaneThis book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date assessment of the key terrestrial components of the Arctic system, i.e., its hydrology, permafrost, and ecology, drawing on the latest research results from across the circumpolar regions. The Arctic is an integrated system, the elements of which are closely linked by the atmosphere, ocean, and land. Using an integrated system approach, the book’s 30 chapters, written by a diverse team of leading scholars, carefully examine Arctic climate variability/change, large river hydrology, lakes and wetlands, snow cover and ice processes, permafrost characteristics, vegetation/landscape changes, and the future trajectory of Arctic system evolution. The discussions cover the fundamental features of and processes in the Arctic system, with a special focus on critical knowledge gaps, i.e., the interactions and feedbacks between water, permafrost, and ecosystem, such as snow pack and permafrost changes and their impacts on basin hydrology and ecology, river flow, geochemistry, and energy fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, and the structure and function of the Arctic ecosystem in response to past/future changes in climate, hydrology, and permafrost conditions. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students, environmentalists, managers, and administrators who are concerned with the northern environment and resources.
Arctic Lights, Arctic Nights
by Debbie S. MillerThe book describes the unique light phenomena of the Alaskan Arctic and the way animals adapt to the temperature and daylight changes each month of the year.
Arctic Marine Ecotoxicology: Climate Change, Pollutants, and Their Far-Reaching Effects
by Patrick Omoregie IsiborThis book explores the fragile Arctic marine environment from the perspective of marine toxicology, shedding light on the intricate relationship between pollution, contaminants, and Arctic ecosystems. It examines the challenges of preserving this delicate habitat and the need to conserve the inherent lifeforms found there. The book introduces the unique characteristics of Arctic marine life. It delineates climate change and the effects of pollutants, analyzing their far-reaching impacts on the complex waters of Arctic marine toxicology. It also examines the regulatory frameworks required to safeguard these vulnerable ecosystems and presents case studies and ethical considerations. Fundamentals of Arctic Marine Toxicology: Climate Change, Pollutants, and Their Far-Reaching Effects is a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, industry professionals, and environmental stewards. Its interdisciplinary approach encompasses climate change, conservation, biology, environmental science, and toxicology. It offers a holistic understanding of the Arctic's ecological intricacies and the challenges posed by anthropogenic disturbances caused by human activities motivated by economic gain. The book serves as a guide towards a future of eco-friendly innovations that align with environmental stewardship. It envisions a world of sustainable Arctic marine ecosystems achieved through responsible and sustainable practices.
Arctic Marine Sustainability: Arctic Maritime Businesses and the Resilience of the Marine Environment (Springer Polar Sciences)
by Eva Pongrácz Victor Pavlov Niko HänninenThis book presents the latest scientific views on resource use conflicts in the Arctic seas. The main areas of focus are the biological resources of Arctic seas vs. exploitation of oil and gas resources, and the conflicts in between. In addition, climate change is presented as a stressor, which both limits and facilitates the economic availability of resources in the Arctic. The book is divided into five parts. Part 1 examines Arctic ecosystems, resilience of the marine environment and possible conflicts between industrial sector and biological world. The focus of Part 2 is on transport infrastructure along the northern routes. Issues such as Arctic maritime operations, black carbon and unmanned aerial vehicles are considered. Part 3 focuses on resource use conflicts in Arctic seas and on the most recent threats in terms of Arctic oil and gas exploration, offshore logistics operations as well as transportation of oil and oil products. Discussions in Part 4 of the book are concentrated around social aspects and involvement of local communities. Tourism development, preservation of indigenous culture, engagement of communities on relevant Arctic issues, search and rescue in the cold marine environment are examples of questions raised. The book reviews Arctic-specific petroleum regulations, the state of preparedness to oil spill accidents in the region as well as the latest developments in oil spill response technologies and their limitations. Search and rescue operations are reviewed and how working in this harsh Arctic environment affects the ability of rescue technicians to perform the required technical skills. Part 5 considers the sustainability challenges arising from the marine resource exploitation. The focus is on the vulnerability of Arctic ecosystems to disturbance – both natural and anthropogenic.
Arctic One Health: Challenges for Northern Animals and People
by Morten TrylandThis multidisciplinary book discusses the manifold challenges arctic marine and terrestrial wildlife, ecosystems and people face these times. Major health threats caused by the consequences of climate change, environmental pollution and increasing tourism in northern regions around the globe are explored. The most common infectious diseases in wild and domesticated arctic animals are reviewed and the impact they could have on circumpolar ecosystems as well as on the lives of arctic people are profoundly discussed. Moreover, the book reviews arctic hunting, herding and food conservation strategies and introduces veterinary medicine in remote indigenous communities. "Arctic One Health" is authored by experts based in arctic regions spanning from North America over Europe to Asia to cover a broad range of topics and perspectives. The book addresses researchers in Veterinary Medicine, Ecology, Microbiology and Anthropology. The book contributes towards achieving the UN Sustainable Developmental Goals, in particular SDG 15, Life on Land.
Arctic Plants of Svalbard: What We Learn From the Green in the Treeless White World
by Yoo Kyung LeeThe Arctic is a special world. The Arctic Ocean is covered by white sea ice, and its margins are surrounded by bare terrestrial regions, known as tundra. Tundra is a cold and dry environment without trees, but even in the absence of trees, tundra plants such as dwarf shrubs, grasses, herbs and moss support the harsh environment by providing sustenance and shelter. This book introduces representative arctic plants and their function in Svalbard, revealing the unique tundra ecosystem, and discussing the direct and indirect effects of climate change in the Arctic.