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سيرة الظاهر بيبرس المجلد الثاني
by مجهول(قال الراوي) فقال الملك سامحك الله بما فعلت من ذلك ولكن لا بد من التحقيق بينكما وما يكون الرأي في ذلك الركبة فقال يا مولاي اعلم أن الأعجام واثقين مني ولكن أنت رجعت إلى العرض وأنا رجعت إليهم وأقبل الليل بالاعتكار أرسل إلى أخواتي الفداوية وأنا أكون معاونًا لهم على كبس الركبة ونهب الأعادي فقال الملك هذا هو الصواب والأمر الذي لا يعاب ثم رجع إلى مكانه بعد أن تودع السلطان منه وعاد بيبرس وقد اجتمع برشيد الدولة وأعاد عليه سرًا بينه وبينه ففرح رشيد بذلك الخبر وتهلل وجهه واستبشر ثم أخذه ودخل على القان هلاون وقال له اعلم أن بيبرس العجمي قد تحارب مع قان عرب وكان مراده أسره فلم أمكنه ذلك ولكن لا بد أن يأسره غدًا إن شاءت النار فقال اللمين قوم بلاه ثم إنهم صبروا إلى الليل وقد نامت الأعاجم وهم آمنين من حوادث الزمان وما خبئ لهم عند مدبر الأكوان حتى توسط الليل فبينما هم في ألذ ما يكون من المنام وإذا بالصياح قد أخذهم من سائر الأقطار ووقع فيهم القتل السيف البتار فلا أحد قدر أن يثور من مكانه حتى طارت رأسه عن أبدانه وربما كان الرجل منهم إذا أخذ سلاحه قتل به أخاه وأعدمه الحياة ومنهم من كان متجرد بغير حسام وصارت المجوس شنيارها معكوس وجيشها مكبوس وعمل فيهم السيف والدبوس ولمعت السيوف في غياهب الملموس وزهقت النفوس وجرى الدما من الرجال مثل ذبح النيوس وعاد صباحهم معكوس وعمل فيهم البتار وقد اشتعلت نار الحرب إشعال وتحندل الأفيال وجرى الدما وسال فلا كنت تسمع للسيوف إلا الرنين ولا للمجاريح إلا الأنين وأخذهم السيف من الشمال واليمين وضاق عليهم البر الفسيح وتعاووا مثل عي الذبيح وضاق الخناق وشربوا من الموت أمر مذاق ووقف الحرب على قدم وساق وتعلقت الفرسان الفرسان والشجعان وطارت الرؤوس من الأبدان وزهقت النفوس من شدة الولهان وشيب الشجاع المصان وولى الجبان المهان وصار الدم ينزل والسيف يعمل ونار الحرب يشعل وكانت هذه الواقعة لا يعرف لها أول من آخر (يا سادة) وكان السبب في ذلك سبب عجيب وهو أنه لما رجع الملك من الميدان أخبر الوزير بما دار بينه وبين بيبرس من الكلام.
マルタ語の動詞（100個の活用させた動詞）: 100個の動詞の活用させ方 (Trilogía Arcángel Ser. #Vol. 1)
by エディトーリアルカリブダス電子書籍のために特別に書かれた「マルタ語の動詞」は完全に100個の活用させた必要な動詞とともに意味に加えて、マルタ語で全ての動詞の時制を構成する入門もあります。本書は読めなくて消えたテキストかイメージがないので、全てのテキストで検索できます。
Language Acts and Worldmaking: How and Why the Languages We Use Shape Our World and Our Lives
byCollectively authored by the Language Acts and Worldmaking team, this defining volume offers reflective narratives on research, theory and practice over the course of the flagship project of the same name, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council's Open World Research Initiative. It returns to the project's key principles - that our words make worlds and we are agents in worldmaking - analyses the practices and outcomes of collaborative working, and looks to the future by offering concrete ideas for how the work they have done can now continue to do its work in the world.Focusing on the key research strands, this volume looks at the role of the language teacher as a mediator between languages and cultures, worldmaking in modern languages, translation and the imagination, languages and hospitality, digital mediations, and how words change and make worlds. Critically, it analyses the impact on communities of living in multilingual cities, and the ways in which learning a first language, and then a second, and so on, plays a crucial role in our ability to understand our culture in relation to others and to appreciate the ways in which they are intertwined.Specific aims are to: · propose new ways of bridging the gaps between those who teach and research languages and those who learn and use them in everyday contexts from the professional to the personal · put research into the hands of wider audiences · share a philosophy, policy and practice of language teaching and learning which turns research into action · provide the research, experience and data to enable informed debates on current issues and attitudes in language learning, teaching and research · share knowledge across and within all levels and experiences of language learning and teaching · showcase exciting new work that derives from different types of community activity and is of practical relevance to its audiences · disseminate new research in languages that engages with diverse communities of language practitioners.
Language Acts and Worldmaking: How and Why the Languages We Use Shape Our World and Our Lives
byCollectively authored by the Language Acts and Worldmaking team, this defining volume offers reflective narratives on research, theory and practice over the course of the flagship project of the same name, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council's Open World Research Initiative. It returns to the project's key principles - that our words make worlds and we are agents in worldmaking - analyses the practices and outcomes of collaborative working, and looks to the future by offering concrete ideas for how the work they have done can now continue to do its work in the world.Focusing on the key research strands, this volume looks at the role of the language teacher as a mediator between languages and cultures, worldmaking in modern languages, translation and the imagination, languages and hospitality, digital mediations, and how words change and make worlds. Critically, it analyses the impact on communities of living in multilingual cities, and the ways in which learning a first language, and then a second, and so on, plays a crucial role in our ability to understand our culture in relation to others and to appreciate the ways in which they are intertwined.Specific aims are to: · propose new ways of bridging the gaps between those who teach and research languages and those who learn and use them in everyday contexts from the professional to the personal · put research into the hands of wider audiences · share a philosophy, policy and practice of language teaching and learning which turns research into action · provide the research, experience and data to enable informed debates on current issues and attitudes in language learning, teaching and research · share knowledge across and within all levels and experiences of language learning and teaching · showcase exciting new work that derives from different types of community activity and is of practical relevance to its audiences · disseminate new research in languages that engages with diverse communities of language practitioners.
أول الخلفاء الراشدين أبو بكر الصديق
by محمد رضاقد كنت شديد الرغبة في تأليف سيرة رسول اللّه صلى اللّه عليه وسلم لنشرها على العالم الإسلامي فقضيت الأيام والليالي الطوال في الإطلاع والبحث في كتب السير فجمعت شتاتها وشرحت الغامض منها وحققت الروايات وأثبت تواريخ الوقائع ورددت على الاعتراضات والترهات ردوداً مدعَّمة بالبراهين الساطعة والحجج القاطعة، فجاء الكتاب وافياً بغرضي من حيث إيصال المعلومات الصحيحة إلى العالم الإسلامي. ولما فرغ طبعه، تلقاه الناس بالقبول والاستسحان وأقبلوا على مطالعته بشوق وشغف، ونال بحمد اللّه وفضله رضا العامة والخاصة وتواردت عليّ رسائل التفريط والتشجيع من الكبراء والعلماء والأدباء حتى عجزت عن شكرهم على ثقتهم بشخصي العاجز الضعيف، وشعرت بقوة تدفعني إلى مواصلة البحث والتأليف بالرغم من كثرة المشاغل الدنيوية. وقد سألني كثير من الأصدقاء الأعزاء أن أتبع سيرة رسول اللّه بسير الخلفاء بنفس الطريقة التي انتهجتها فسرتني فكرتهم ولم يسعني إلا إجابة طلبهم واستخرت اللّه تعالى أن أكتب سيرة أبي بكر الصديق رضي اللّه عنه فإنه أول الخلفاء الذين أمرنا رسول اللّه بالاقتداء بهم والاهتداء بهديهم. لما توفي النبي صلى اللّه عليه وسلم ارتجت العرب واختلف المسلمون ولا سيما الأنصار والمهاجرون في الخلافة فتدارك الأمر أبو بكر بحكمته وسرعة بديهته وتمت له البيعة بالإجماع. وقد برهن رضي اللّه عنه أنه أكفأ رجل وأنه رجل الساعة وقتئذ لأن العرب عندما سمعوا بوفاة رسول اللّه ارتد كثير منهم واستفحل أمر المرتدين في جزيرة العرب، وظهر المتنبئون وجمعوا جيوشهم وثاروا على المسلمين.
غرائب التنبيهات على عجائب التشبيهات
by ابن ظافر الأزدييعد كتاب "غرائب التنبيهات على عجائب التشبيهات" من نوادر كتب ابن ظافر الممتعة وهو من كتب علوم الآدب والبلاغة
البلغة في الفرق بين المذكر والمؤنث
by أبو البركات الأنبارييذكر أبو بركات الأنباري في هذا الكتاب الفرق بين المذكر والمؤنث في الكثير من الأسماء وللمؤنث والمذكر السماعيين، النصيب الأوفر من الكتاب، لأنه الباب الذي يحدث فيه الخلط والاضطراب
تحرير التحبير في صناعة الشعر والنثر
by ابن أبي الأصبعيعد هذا الكتاب من أجل ما ألف في فن البديع، والصناعة الأدبية. ضمنه المؤلف الكثير من شعره
اللطائف في اللغة معجم أسماء الأشياء
by أحمد بن مصطفى الدمشقيكتاب "اللطائف في اللغة معجم اسماء الاشياء" لاحمد بن مصطفى الدمشقي يحمل العديد من مرادفات الاسماء و الاشياء المتعددة التي تتميز بها اللغة العربية
النظرية اللسانية عند ابن حزم الأندلسي
by د. نعمان بوقرة- الجزائردراسة تسليط الضوء على الجهود اللسانيه التى توضح كيفية التعامل مع الخطاب القرا نى وتهدف الى تكوين فكره مجمله عن الاراء النظريه والتطبيقيه البارزه التى حفلت بها مؤلفات ابن حزم فى اللغه والنحو والبلاغه والمنطق واعادة ترتيبها وفق تنظيم معين يجعل منها نسقا متكاملا وبنيه منسجمه
الانتخاب لكشف الأبيات المشكلة الإعراب
by علي بن عدلان الموصلي النحوييدخل هذا الكتاب في عالم اللغة، حيث عرض فيه المؤلف للأبيات الشعرية المشكلة الإعراب، وحل إشكالها وكشف عن وجوه الإعراب فيها، وقد ضمّ الكتاب 165 بيتاً، واتسم بالاختصار والإيجاز.
الألفاظ المختلفة في المعاني المؤتلفة
by محمد بن عبد الملك بن مالك الطائي الجياني أبو عبد اللهكتاب "الألفاظ المختلفة في المعاني المؤتلفة" لابن مالك من كتب علوم اللغة التي تحتوي على العديد من الألفاظ المختلفة المتعددة للكثير من المعاني والكلمات
The Indo-European Languages
by Mate Kapovi 263 Anna Giacalone Ramat Paolo RamatThe Indo-European Languages presents a comprehensive survey of the individual languages and language subgroups within this language family. With over four hundred languages and dialects and almost three billion native speakers, the Indo-European language family is the largest of the recognized language groups and includes most of the major current languages of Europe, the Iranian plateau and the Indian subcontinent. Written by an international team of experts, this comprehensive, single-volume tome presents in-depth discussions of the historical development and specialized linguistic features of the Indo-European languages. This unique resource remains the ideal reference for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Indo-European linguistics and languages, but also for more experienced researchers looking for an up-to-date survey of separate Indo-European branches. It will be of interest to researchers and anyone with an interest in historical linguistics, linguistic anthropology and language development.
Elementary Modern Standard Arabic
by Peter F. AbboudThe Elementary Modern Standard Arabic Course (EMSA) is the premier introduction, for the English-speaking student, to the active written language of the contemporary Arab world. Expressly designed for the beginning student, the course is written by a team of Arabic language teachers consisting of native and non-native Arabic speakers, linguists and people whose primary interests are literature and allied areas. It implements an audio-lingual approach to language teaching while presenting the elements of Modern Standard Arabic as written and spoken in the contemporary Arab World. Volume 1 is complete in itself and presents a practical introduction to the writing system of Arabic and to its pronunciation, with reading and writing pronunciation drills. Thirty lessons provide a basic working knowledge of Arabic. Each lesson contains a text, a vocabulary, grammar and drills including oral and written comprehension passages. An Arabic-English glossary completes the volume. The co
Translation between English and Arabic: A Textbook for Translation Students and Educators
by Noureldin AbdelaalThis textbook provides a comprehensive resource for translation students and educators embarking on the challenge of translating into and out of English and Arabic. Combining a solid basis in translation theory with examples drawn from real texts including the Qu’ran, the author introduces a number of the problems and practical considerations which arise during translation between English and Arabic, equipping readers with the skills to recognise and address these issues in their own work through practical exercises. Among these considerations are grammatical, semantic, lexical and cultural problems, collocations, idioms and fixed expressions. With its coverage of essential topics including culturally-bound terms and differences, both novice and more experienced translators will find this book useful in the development of their translation practice.
Arabic Genre Pedagogy: Teaching, Learning, and Assessing in Context (Topics in Arabic Applied Linguistics)
by Myriam Abdel-MalekArabic Genre Pedagogy: Teaching, Learning, and Assessing in Context views Modern Standard Arabic and all spoken varieties of Arabic as one system and offers genre-based instructional resources grounded in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and genre theory. Divided into three parts, this book explores the Theoretical and Instructional Framework, Spoken Genres, and Written Genres with chapters focusing on everyday social genres including exchanging information, chit-chat, and complaints. This book is aligned with the ACTFL framework and the instructional goals for each genre are articulated in terms of the ACTFL Can-Do Statements. Designed to support instructors of Arabic novice-intermediate learners, the chapters offer step-by-step lessons with practical classroom activities on how to make the language related to each genre explicit to students. Arabic Genre Pedagogy serves as a valuable guide and professional development resource for instructors of Arabic as a world language and for researchers of SFL-informed genre-based approach.
An Introduction to Arabic Translation: Translator Training and Translation Practice
by Hussein Abdul-RaofCombining theory and practice, this book is a model for Arabic translation and prepares students for the translation industry. Containing 22 approaches, An Introduction to Arabic Translation provides the normative principles to guide training in Arabic-English-Arabic translation. It revitalizes Arabic-English-Arabic translation through its empirical textual reality, hinged upon Arabic and English authentic contexts and their linguistic, discoursal, and cultural incongruity. The exercises in each chapter provide practical training supported by translation theory. The translation commentaries included represent a critical translation quality assessment based on an analysis of discourse and textual features to highlight the process of translation, the translation approach adopted, and why. Such commentary invites students to reflect on their understanding of the translation process and the approach required for a given Arabic-English-Arabic translation problem. Providing a methodologically comprehensive course of Arabic-English-Arabic translation studies, and insightful discussion of high value for both students and teachers, this book will be invaluable to anyone seeking to learn or improve their Arabic and translation skills.
Bilingual and Multilingual Education in the 21st Century
by Christian Abello-Contesse Paul M ChandlerBilingual education is one of the fastest growing disciplines within applied linguistics. This book includes the work of 20 specialists working in various educational contexts across Europe, Latin America and North America to create a volume which is both comprehensive in scope and multidimensional in its coverage of current bilingual initiatives. The central themes of this volume, which draws on past experiences of bilingual education, include issues in language use in classrooms at elementary, secondary and tertiary levels; participant perspectives on bilingual education experiences; and the language needs of bi- and multilingual students in monolingual schools. This collection will be of interest to teachers and administrators in bi- and multilingual education programs, as well as scholars working in the field of language education.
Topics in Kwa Syntax
by Enoch O. Aboh James EssegbeyThis volume demonstrates that Kwa languages offer a very rich empirical domain for linguistic theorizing, as experts who are mostly native speakers present empirical data and show its theoretical relevance to comparative linguistics and comparative syntax.
Colloquial Finnish: The Complete Course for Beginners (Colloquial Ser.)
by Daniel AbondoloColloquial Finnish provides a step-by-step course in Finnish as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Finnish in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Key features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Finnish will be an indispensable resource both for independent learners and students taking courses in Finnish. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download freely in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.
Chinese For Dummies
by Wendy AbrahamThe fun way to learn to speak Chinese With more than 1.2 billion speakers across the globe — and with nearly 3 million in the U.S. alone — Mandarin Chinese claims the top spot as the world’s most common language. If you want to learn this language to get ahead at school or work, or to make your travel to China easier, this is the handy reference you’ll want by your side. Chinese For Dummies teaches basic grammar, as well as the necessary vocabulary to make introductions and greetings, use proper etiquette, make small talk, make transportation arrangements, order food and beverages, ask directions, deal with money, shop, access recreation, and handle an emergency. Concentrates on Mandarin Chinese and features new and revised content Includes major updates to all the necessary foundational information needed to speak Chinese Covers grammar, verb conjugations, and pronunciations Offers a refreshed mini-dictionary complete with even more vocabulary Find free conversational audio tracks online As the Chinese economy continues to grow, the importance of Chinese as a trade language will also increase. If you’re a student or business professional who has a basic understanding of the language, you’ll be poised to surpass your peers when it comes to dealing with international markets. So get started today!
Chinese For Dummies
by Wendy AbrahamThe fast and easy way to learn to speak Mandarin ChineseChina has become a major influence in the world today, and Mandarin Chinese is the world's most widely spoken language. Not only is China full of opportunities in business and politics, but Chinese culture, continues to make its way into the western world. With an updated CD including real-life conversations, Chinese For Dummies expands grammar, verb conjugations, and pronunciations--and includes a refreshed mini-dictionary complete with even more essential vocabulary. Basic vocabularyEveryday conversations, including phone dialogue and small talkSpeaking in perfect pitch and toneEasy-to-understand grammar rulesGetting around in a Chinese-speaking countryCultural references like maintaining face, dining etiquette, and social moresAlso included is an audio CD that features actual Chinese conversations by native Chinese speakers, which allows you to hear how Chinese is really spoken. Written by a leading Chinese language teacher in the United States, Chinese for Dummies introduces an often-daunting language to you in a fun-and-easy For Dummies manner.CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of the e-book file, but are available for download after purchase.
Sprachfuhrer Chinesisch fur Dummies Das Pocketbuch (Für Dummies)
by Wendy Abraham"Sprachführer Chinesisch für Dummies" bietet einen schnellen Überblick über die wichtigsten Wörter und Redewendungen für den Alltag. Jedes Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit einer Alltagssituation: So haben Sie schnell die passenden Sätze parat, wenn Sie beispielsweise im Restaurant bestellen, nach einer Wegbeschreibung fragen oder um Hilfe bitten. Dazu bekommen Sie eine kurze Einführung in die Grammatik und Aussprache des Chinesischen.
Chinese Character Writing For Dummies
by Wendy Abraham Jing LiLearn to write 100 characters in Chinese Billions of people worldwide speak Chinese—and now you can learn to write 100 characters in the world’s most-spoken language! Whether you’re taking a course, looking to get ahead at work, or just want to up the ante when you’re communicating with Chinese-speaking family and friends, Chinese Character Writing For Dummies gets you up to speed fast. This workbook will guide your first steps in learning Chinese characters. It contains 100 basic characters, including 44 simple characters (pictograms and symbols) and 56 composite characters (ideograms and ideo-phonograms). It helps you little by little to familiarize yourself with the pieces of the puzzle most frequently used, as well as some basic Chinese writing rules. Offers online bonus content that includes instructional videos, downloadable flashcards, and printable writing pages Shows you how to write 100 Chinese characters Provides instruction for beginners, students, and lifelong learners Gives you helpful tips on how to memorize characters Speaking Chinese will take you far—and learning to write some of the most common characters will only take you farther! Find out how Chinese Character Writing For Dummies can help you today!
Modern Persian: A Course-Book
by Simin AbrahamsModern Persian begins with the teaching of the Persian alphabet. It aims to provide the student with the necessary skills for social interaction, as well as a basis for the study of modern literature. The course consists of seventeen units and favours teaching by communicative and contextual learning. Most units begin with a reading exercise used to introduce an item of grammar and new vocabulary, followed by explanations and drill exercises aimed at consolidating the student's understanding. Complete with Persian-English vocabulary to all the exercises and tape recordings, this is an up-to-date textbook which can be used both by teachers or individuals wishing to learn Persian independently.