Russian Policy Towards Mongolia, 1911–1952: When Mongolia Fought the Red

By: Batsaikhan Ookhnoi Emgent

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Synopsis: This study analyzes the Soviet Union&’s strategic interests and policies toward Mongolia, emphasizing Joseph Stalin&’s perception of its geopolitical importance. It examines why Mongolia&’s independence was a key condition Stalin set at the Yalta Summit for the Soviet declaration of war on Japan. While existing research has explored Soviet-Mongolian relations, this study utilizes newly declassified archival materials from Russia, Mongolia, and Japan to reassess Stalin&’s strategic vision and interactions with Mongolian leaders. The research argues that Soviet policy was primarily driven by economic interests, with political considerations playing a secondary role. It also highlights the alignment between Mongolian national aspirations and Russian strategic objectives, particularly since the 1910s. By incorporating previously unexamined sources, this study offers a more nuanced understanding of Soviet-Mongolian relations and Mongolia&’s role in Soviet Far Eastern strategy, shedding light on its historical path to sovereignty and its significance in regional power dynamics.