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Buying Reality: Political Ads, Money, and Local Television News (Donald McGannon Communication Research Center's Everett C. Parker Book Series)
by Danilo YanichFrom a certain perspective, the biggest political story of 2016 was how the candidate who bought three-quarters of the political ads lost to the one whose every provocative Tweet set the agenda for the day’s news coverage. With the arrival of bot farms, microtargeted Facebook ads, and Cambridge Analytica, isn’t the age of political ads on local TV coming to a close?You might think. But you’d be wrong to the tune of $4.4 billion just in 2016. In U.S. elections, there’s a lot more at stake than the presidency. TV spending has gone up dramatically since 2006, for both presidential and down-ballot races for congressional seats, governorships, and state legislatures—and the 2020 campaign shows no signs of bucking this trend. When candidates don’t enjoy the name recognition and celebrity of the presidential contenders, it’s very much business as usual. They rely on the local TV newscasts, watched by 30 million people every day—not Tweets—to convey their messages to an audience more fragmented than ever. At the same time, the nationalization of news and consolidation of local stations under juggernauts like Nexstar Media and Sinclair Broadcasting mean a decreasing share of time devoted to down-ballot politics—almost 90 percent of 2016’s local political stories focused on the presidential race. Without coverage of local issues and races, ad buys are the only chance most candidates have to get their messages in front of a broadcast audience. On local TV news, political ads create the reality of local races—a reality that is not meant to inform voters but to persuade them. Voters are left to their own devices to fill in the space between what the ads say—the bought reality—and what political stories used to cover.
COVID-19: The Greatest Cover-Up in History—From Wuhan to the White House (Front Page Detectives)
by Dominic Utton Dylan HowardIn the final days of 2019, a new and deadly virus was quietly spreading through the city of Wuhan, China. Within six months it would kill half a million people worldwide, infect a further 10 million, and change the way all of us live, work and play forever. Now, for the first time, the real story of the greatest global crisis of the age can be told. Reporters Dylan Howard and Dominic Utton, collaborating from New York and London—infection hotspots in what would become two of the worst-hit nations on Earth—have together mapped the rise, spread and impact of the virus . . . and uncovered some explosive revelations.COVID-19: The Greatest Cover-Up in History—From Wuhan to the White House delivers the unfettered truth about what is undoubtedly the biggest political scandal of our time. It shows in unprecedented detail how governments in China, the UK, and the US not only failed to protect their citizens from the threat of the disease, but actively conspired to put their own political and economic ideologies above the lives of ordinary people. From early attempts by Beijing to silence any reports of the new virus to the inability of the WHO to act decisively; from warnings received and ignored by President Trump to decisions taken by the UK government that directly led to the loss of tens of thousands of lives; from whispers of military experiments to outlandish 5G conspiracy theories, Howard and Utton separate fact from fiction, science from hysteria, and expose a trail of dead bodies, wilful mismanagement, incompetence, arrogance, deliberate cover-ups, and outrageous lies that raise serious questions about who is really responsible for the hundreds of thousands killed by COVID-19. Through vigorous investigations, dedicated reporting, and exclusive first-person sourcing, COVID-19 unearths a more complex understanding of the rise, spread, and consequences of the first six months of the pandemic than has yet been seen, and exposes shocking revelations about the roles and motivations of the American and British governments in the crisis. The true story of COVID-19 is not just that of a silent killer that suddenly invaded the world . . . it&’s the scandal of a global tragedy that could have—and should have—been prevented. The real number of deaths and infections from the virus will never be known. The figures have not only been underreported in China, but by supposedly transparent governments in the West for reasons less connected with public safety and more to do with their own mendacity, incompetence, and corruption. Written with the urgency and tension of a thriller novel but grounded in rigorously factual reporting, COVID-19 is the essential read on the most horrifying scandal of our age.
Can You Make This Thing Go Faster?
by Jeremy ClarksonThe hilarious new collection of stories and observations from Jeremy Clarkson - setting our off-kilter world to rights with thigh-slapping wit once again.Who is that tractor-driving Gentleman Farmer?Has Jeremy turned into a horny-handed son of the soil?These and other perplexing questions may or may not be answered in the latest volume of Clarkson's utterly unbiased musings on life, the universe and everything in between (except cars - this isn't one of his four-wheel drive books).Inside you'll also discover why:· Bathing in crude oil isn't for everyone· People who go fishing hate their kids· Noise-cancelling headphones will never silence James May· The rambler who stole his marrow is in for itFull of fact-checked opinions and ideas so good they're no longer following the science but chasing it up a tree, Can You Make This Thing Go Faster? is one hundred per cent guaranteed Clarkson . . .Praise for Clarkson:'Brilliant . . . laugh-out-loud' Daily Telegraph'Outrageously funny . . . will have you in stitches' Time Out'Very funny . . . I cracked up laughing on the tube' Evening Standard
Cancel Culture: The Latest Attack on Free Speech and Due Process
by Alan DershowitzIn Cancel Culture, Alan Dershowitz—New York Times bestselling author and one of America&’s most respected legal scholars—makes an argument for free speech, due process, and restraint against the often overeager impulse to completely cancel individuals and institutions at the ever-changing whims of social media-driven crowds. Alan Dershowitz has been called &“one of the most prominent and consistent defenders of civil liberties in America&” by Politico and &“the nation&’s most peripatetic civil liberties lawyer and one of its most distinguished defenders of individual rights&” by Newsweek. Yet he has come under intense criticism for his steadfast and consistent championing of those same principles, and his famed &“shoe‑on‑the‑other‑foot test,&” to those who have been &“cancelled&” for any number of faults, both real and imagined. Cancel Culture is a defense of due process, free speech, and even-handedness in the application of judgment. It makes the case for restraint and care in decisions about whom and what to cancel, boycott, deplatform, and bar from public life, and offers recommendations for when, why, and to what degree these steps may be appropriate, as long as objective, fair-minded criteria can be determined and met. While Dershowitz argues against the worst excesses of cancel culture—the rush to judgment and the devastating results it can have on those who may be innocent, the power of social media to effect punishment without a thorough examination of evidence, the idea that historical events can be viewed through the same lens as actions in the present day—he also acknowledges that its defenders ostensibly try to use it to create meaningful, positive change, and notes that cancelling may itself be a constitutionally protected form of free speech. In the end, Cancel Culture represents an icon in the defense of free speech and due process reckoning with the greatest challenge and threat to these rights since the rise of McCarthyism. It is essential reading for anyone interested in or concerned about cancel culture, its effects on our society, and its significance in a greater historical and political context.
Carers, Care Homes and the British Media: Time to Care
by Hannah Grist Ros JenningsThis book focuses on the relationship between the media and those who work as paid care assistants in care homes in Britain. It explores this relationship in terms of the contemporary cultural and personal understandings of care work and care homes that have developed as the role has emerged as increasingly socially and economically significant in society. Three strands of analysis are integrated: an examination of the representations of paid care workers in the British media; the experiences of current and former care workers; and the autoethnographic reflections of the authors who have experiences of working as care assistants. The book offers a rich contextual and experiential account of the responsibilities, challenges, and emotions of care work in British society. Grist and Jennings make a case for the need to better value and more accurately represent care work in contemporary media accounts.
Cases in Organizational Communication: A Lifespan Approach
by Ryan S. Bisel Michael W. KramerCase Studies in Organizational Communication: A Lifespan Approach is the first collection of its kind that is designed to complement a textbook (the editors' Organizational Communication: A Lifespan Approach, OUP, 2016). Bringing concepts to life by engaging readers' minds, memories, and emotions, this volume provides students and instructors with a wealth of opportunities to see, hear, and feel how communication can and does shape organizations and the experiences of people within them.
Cases in Public Relations Management: The Rise of Social Media and Activism
by Patricia SwannNow in its third edition, Cases in Public Relations Management uses recent cases in strategic communication designed to encourage discussion, debate, and exploration of the options available to today's strategic public relations manager, with the help of extensive supplemental materials. Key features of this text include coverage of the latest controversies in current events, discussion of the ethical issues that have made headlines in recent years, and strategies used by public relations practitioners. The problem-based case study approach encourages readers to assess what they know about communication theory, the public relations process, and management practices. New to the third edition: Eighteen new cases including Snap, Wells Fargo, SeaWorld, United Airlines, and Starbucks. Additional emphasis on social media and social responsibility for communication management today. End-of-chapter activities that reinforce concepts. Developed for advanced students in strategic communication and public relations, this book prepares them for their future careers as communication and public relations professionals. The new edition features a fully enhanced companion website that includes resources for both instructors and students. Instructors will find PowerPoint Lecture Slides, Case Supplements, Instructor Guides, and Answer Keys for Quizzes and End-of-Chapter Activities. Students will benefit from Quizzes, a Glossary, and Case Supplements.
Change Management in der Kommunikationsbranche: Veränderungsprozesse in Medienunternehmen und in der Unternehmenskommunikation (essentials)
by Markus Kaiser Nicole SchwertnerIn Medienunternehmen und in der Unternehmenskommunikation kommen zu traditionellen Ausspielwegen digitale Kanäle hinzu. Die Inhalte werden oft in Newsrooms produziert. Es setzt sich das Bewusstsein durch, dass sich Kommunikationsmaßnahmen radikal am Bedürfnis des Users orientieren. Bei diesen Veränderungsprozessen muss ein besonderer Wert darauf gelegt werden, die Mitarbeiter mitzunehmen. Denn nur dann wird der Change-Prozess auch wirtschaftlich erfolgreich sein. In diesem essential wird aufgezeigt, warum Medienunternehmen und Kommunikationsabteilungen eine gelebte Change-Kultur brauchen und wie sie den Wandel systematisch angehen können.
Channel Aggregation and Fragmentation for Traffic Flows (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by Lei JiaoThis book introduces the impact of channel aggregation (CA) and channel fragmentation (CF) on traffic flows, through analytical models, computer simulations, and test-bed implementations. Its content includes the concept of CA and CF, the basic concept and calculation of Markov chains (MCs), the modeling process of the CA and CF enabled system via MCs, the process of simulations, and a test-bed study based on a software defined radio.This book can serve as a study guide for advanced-level students, who are interested in studying the impact of CA and CF techniques on traffic flows. This book would also interest communication engineers, who would like to learn MC modeling for performance evaluations, as it includes a step-by-step guidance for the modeling process via MCs, as well as its simulation approaches.
Channel Modeling in 5G Wireless Communication Systems (Wireless Networks)
by Guan Gui Hao JiangThis book addresses the fundamental design and technical challenges for fifth generation (5G) wireless channel models, including multi-frequency bands and multi-scenarios. The book presents a strong vision for 5G wireless communication networks based on current market trends, proven technologies, and future directions. The book helps enable researchers and industry professionals to come up with novel ideas in the area of wireless heterogeneity, to minimize traffic accidents, to improve traffic efficiency, and to foster the development of new applications such as mobile infotainment. The book acts as a comprehensive reference for students, instructors, researchers, engineers, and other professionals, building their understanding of 5G and in designing 5G systems.Addresses fundamental design and technical challenges for 5G wireless channel models;Presents how to create reliable statistical channel models to capture the propagation properties between transmitters and receivers;Pertinent to researchers, engineers, and professionals in 5G.
Chase Darkness with Me: How One True-Crime Writer Started Solving Murders
by Billy Jensen***With an exclusive behind-the-scenes conversation between Billy Jensen and retired detective Paul Holes on the Golden State Killer, their favorite cold cases, and more***Have you ever wanted to solve a murder? Gather the clues the police overlooked? Put together the pieces? Identify the suspect?Journalist Billy Jensen spent fifteen years investigating unsolved murders, fighting for the families of victims. Every story he wrote had one thing in common—they didn't have an ending. The killer was still out there.But after the sudden death of a friend, crime writer and author of I'll Be Gone in the Dark, Michelle McNamara, Billy became fed up. Following a dark night, he came up with a plan. A plan to investigate past the point when the cops had given up. A plan to solve the murders himself.You'll ride shotgun as Billy identifies the Halloween Mask Murderer, finds a missing girl in the California Redwoods, and investigates the only other murder in New York City on 9/11. You'll hear intimate details of the hunts for two of the most terrifying serial killers in history: his friend Michelle McNamara's pursuit of the Golden State Killer and his own quest to find the murderer of the Allenstown Four. And Billy gives you the tools—and the rules—to help solve murders yourself.Gripping, complex, unforgettable, Chase Darkness with Me is an examination of the evil forces that walk among us, illustrating a novel way to catch those killers, and a true-crime narrative unlike any you've read before.
Chatbots gestalten mit Praxisbeispielen der Schweizerischen Post: HMD Best Paper Award 2018 (essentials)
by Edy Portmann Toni Stucki Sara D’OnofrioImmer mehr Unternehmen bauen Chatbots, damit ihre Kunden und Mitarbeiter in natürlicher Sprache mit den Systemen des Unternehmens kommunizieren können. Mittels Chatbots können dialogintensive Prozesse automatisiert und neue Wissensquellen erschlossen werden. Das vorliegende essential führt die Grundlagen von Chatbots ein und zeigt mit Praxisbeispielen der Schweizerischen Post, wo sie angewendet werden können, worauf bei ihrer Gestaltung geachtet werden muss und welche neuen Fähigkeiten in einem Unternehmen für deren Einsatz erforderlich sind.Die Autoren:Toni Stucki hat langjährige Erfahrungen als Softwarearchitekt. Bei der Schweizerischen Post leitet er ein Softwareentwicklungsteam, mit dem er bereits mehrere Chatbots implementiert hat. Dr. Sara D’Onofrio arbeitete als Innovation-Managerin bei der Schweizerischen Post und war bei der Chatbot-Entwicklung der IT Post mit dabei. In ihrer Dissertation beschäftigte sie sich mit der Thematik Chatbots. Prof. Dr. Edy Portmann ist Swiss Post Professor of Computer Science am Human-IST Institut der Universität Freiburg i.Üe., Schweiz, und beschäftigt sich mit Fragen rund um Informationssysteme, -verarbeitung und -beschaffung.
China Internet Development Report 2018: Blue Book of World Internet Conference
by Chinese Academy of Cyberspace StudiesThis book is an important outcome of the Fifth World Internet Conference. It provides a comprehensive review of China’s Internet development, especially the new practice and achievement in 2018. And it offers a systematic account of China’s experience in Internet development and governance. This year, the book improves China’s Internet Development Index System, optimizes the algorithm model, and enhances data collection, to assess and reflect Internet development more comprehensively, objectively and scientifically.
China Satellite Navigation Conference (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #650)
by Jiadong Sun Changfeng Yang Jun XieChina Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2020) Proceedings presents selected research papers from CSNC 2020 held during 22nd-25th November in Chengdu, China. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 13 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2020, which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.
China Satellite Navigation Conference (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #651)
by Jiadong Sun Changfeng Yang Jun XieChina Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2020) Proceedings presents selected research papers from CSNC 2020 held during 22nd-25th November in Chengdu, China. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 13 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2020, which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.
China Satellite Navigation Conference (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #652)
by Jiadong Sun Changfeng Yang Jun XieChina Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2020) Proceedings presents selected research papers from CSNC 2020 held during 22nd-25th November in Chengdu, China. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 13 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2020, which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.
Chinese Adaptations of Brecht: Appropriation and Intertextuality (Chinese Literature and Culture in the World)
by Wei ZhangThis book examines the two-way impacts between Brecht and Chinese culture and drama/theatre, focusing on Chinese theatrical productions since the end of the Cultural Revolution all the way to the first decades of the twenty-first century. Wei Zhang considers how Brecht’s plays have been adapted/appropriated by Chinese theatre artists to speak to the sociopolitical, economic, and cultural developments in China and how such endeavors reflect and result from dynamic interactions between Chinese philosophy, ethics, and aesthetics, especially as embodied in traditional xiqu and the Brechtian concepts of estrangement (Verfremdungseffekt) and political theatre. In examining these Brecht adaptations, Zhang offers an interdisciplinary study that contributes to the fields of comparative drama/theatre studies, intercultural studies, and performance studies.
Choices and Connections: An Introduction to Communication for the University of New Haven
by Joseph Ortiz Steven McCornackIn this book, the authors systematically guide students how they can apply communication skills and principles to difficult situations and better adapt to daily demands in their own lives. Beyond the Advance the Conversation activities, the book also includes annotated visuals, sample speech outlines, and two visually annotated sample speeches. Through features such as Advance the Conversation, the book systematically guides students through challenging and thought-provoking communication scenarios, so that they can use their skills to better adapt to life's daily demands.
Citizen Reporters: S.S. McClure, Ida Tarbell, and the Magazine That Rewrote America
by Stephanie GortonA fascinating history of the rise and fall of influential Gilded Age magazine McClure’s and the two unlikely outsiders at its helm—as well as a timely, full-throated defense of investigative journalism in AmericaThe president of the United States made headlines around the world when he publicly attacked the press, denouncing reporters who threatened his reputation as “muckrakers” and “forces for evil.” The year was 1906, the president was Theodore Roosevelt—and the publication that provoked his fury was McClure’s magazine.One of the most influential magazines in American history, McClure’s drew over 400,000 readers and published the groundbreaking stories that defined the Gilded Age, including the investigation of Standard Oil that toppled the Rockefeller monopoly. Driving this revolutionary publication were two improbable newcomers united by single-minded ambition. S. S. McClure was an Irish immigrant, who, despite bouts of mania, overthrew his impoverished upbringing and bent the New York media world to his will. His steadying hand and star reporter was Ida Tarbell, a woman who defied gender expectations and became a notoriously fearless journalist.The scrappy, bold McClure's group—Tarbell, McClure, and their reporters Ray Stannard Baker and Lincoln Steffens—cemented investigative journalism’s crucial role in democracy. From reporting on labor unrest and lynching, to their exposés of municipal corruption, their reporting brought their readers face to face with a nation mired in dysfunction. They also introduced Americans to the voices of Willa Cather, Arthur Conan Doyle, Robert Louis Stevenson, Joseph Conrad, and many others.Tracing McClure’s from its meteoric rise to its spectacularly swift and dramatic combustion, Citizen Reporters is a thrillingly told, deeply researched biography of a powerhouse magazine that forever changed American life. It’s also a timely case study that demonstrates the crucial importance of journalists who are unafraid to speak truth to power.
Citizens of Scandal: Journalism, Secrecy, and the Politics of Reckoning in Mexico
by Vanessa FreijeIn Citizens of Scandal, Vanessa Freije explores the causes and consequences of political scandals in Mexico from the 1960s through the 1980s. Tracing the process by which Mexico City reporters denounced official wrongdoing, she shows that by the 1980s political scandals were a common feature of the national media diet. News stories of state embezzlement, torture, police violence, and electoral fraud provided collective opportunities to voice dissent and offered an important, though unpredictable and inequitable, mechanism for political representation. The publicity of wrongdoing also disrupted top-down attempts by the ruling Partido Revolucionario Institucional to manage public discourse, exposing divisions within the party and forcing government officials to grapple with popular discontent. While critical reporters denounced corruption, they also withheld many secrets from public discussion, sometimes out of concern for their safety. Freije highlights the tensions—between free speech and censorship, representation and exclusion, and transparency and secrecy—that defined the Mexican public sphere in the late twentieth century.
Clear English Pronunciation: A Practical Guide
by Dick SmakmanClear English Pronunciation provides students with the tools to effectively communicate in English without centring solely on native-speaker pronunciation models. The focus of the book is on individual pronunciation targets rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Divided into four sections, each featuring detailed articulatory explanations, sample sentences, and recordings to help learners improve their pronunciation, this book: introduces the phenomenon of pronunciation as part of a broader communicative realm; explains and demonstrates the melody and rhythm of understandable and natural English pronunciation; supports students in identifying and practicing their own pronunciation issues. Supported by an interactive companion website which features recordings and expanded explanations of key topics, Clear English Pronunciation is an essential textbook for international learners of English who want to improve their pronunciation skills in diverse social settings. https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/clearenglishpronunciation
Climate Change Denial and Public Relations: Strategic communication and interest groups in climate inaction (Routledge New Directions in PR & Communication Research)
by Núria Almiron Jordi XifraThis is the first book on climate change denial and lobbying that combines the ideology of denial and the role of anthropocentrism in the study of interest groups and communication strategy. Climate Change Denial and Public Relations: Strategic Communication and Interest Groups in Climate Inaction is a critical approach to climate change denial from a strategic communication perspective. The book aims to provide an in-depth analysis of how strategic communication by interest groups is contributing to climate change inaction. It does this from a multidisciplinary perspective that expands the usual approach of climate change denialism and introduces a critical reflection on the roots of the problem, including the ethics of the denialist ideology and the rhetoric and role of climate change advocacy. Topics addressed include the power of persuasive narratives and discourses constructed to support climate inaction by lobbies and think tanks, the dominant human supremacist view and the patriarchal roots of denialists and advocates of climate change alike, the knowledge coalitions of the climate think tank networks, the denial strategies related to climate change of the nuclear, oil, and agrifood lobbies, the role of public relations firms, the anthropocentric roots of public relations, taboo topics such as human overpopulation and meat-eating, and the technological myth. This unique volume is recommended reading for students and scholars of communication and public relations.
Climate Change and Sea Level Rise in South Florida: The View of Coastal Residents (Coastal Research Library #34)
by Risa Palm Toby BolsenSouth Florida is frequently cited as the part of the United State of America as most susceptible to the devastation accompanying sea level rise. Several scholarly studies have shown the negative impact of coastal location in Florida on housing values. Are the residents of South Florida concerned? Is susceptibility to sea level rise actually affecting the housing market in terms of demand, the availability of home mortgages, or house prices? Are people living at particular risk from sea level rise aware of this risk and more open to new information about climate change? Do they support policies and laws to mitigate the pace and extent of climate change? Answers to these questions are not only of general interest, but they are also key to our understanding of the human dimensions of this problem. This book describes the results of a detailed survey in which respondents viewed a local map displaying flooding to their own community that would result from a Category 3 hurricane in 2033. It discusses political party identification and ideology that has an overwhelming impact in shaping views about sea level rise and climate change. This book has enormous implications for the effectiveness of communicating risk information. The text is important if we, as a nation, are to design communication strategies that will lead to broader policy to combat or mitigate this risk.
Cloud Computing with Security: Concepts and Practices
by Naresh Kumar Sehgal Pramod Chandra Bhatt John M. AckenThis book provides readers with an overview of Cloud Computing, starting with historical background on mainframe computers and early networking protocols, leading to current concerns such as hardware and systems security, performance, emerging areas of IoT, Edge Computing etc. Readers will benefit from the in-depth discussion of cloud computing usage and the underlying architectures. The authors explain carefully the “why’s and how’s” of Cloud Computing, so engineers will find this book an invaluable source of information to the topic. This second edition includes new material on Cloud Computing Security, Threat Vectors and Trust Models, as well as best practices for a using dynamic cloud infrastructure, and cloud operations management. Several new examples and analysis of cloud security have been added, including edge computing with IoT devices.
Coding Strategies in Vertebrate Acoustic Communication (Animal Signals and Communication #7)
by Thierry Aubin Nicolas MathevonInformation is a core concept in animal communication: individuals routinely produce, acquire, process and store information, which provides the basis for their social life. This book focuses on how animal acoustic signals code information and how this coding can be shaped by various environmental and social constraints. Taking birds and mammals, including humans, as models, the authors explore such topics as communication strategies for “public” and “private” signaling, static and dynamic signaling, the diversity of coded information and the way information is decoded by the receiver. The book appeals to a wide audience, ranging from bioacousticians, ethologists and ecologists to evolutionary biologists. Intended for students and researchers alike, it promotes the idea that Shannon and Weaver’s Mathematical Theory of Communication still represents a strong framework for understanding all aspects of the communication process, including its dynamic dimensions.