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End of Hyper Growth in China?
by Jun ZhangIn this book, Dr. Jun Zhang rebuts the widely-held view that Chinese economic growth is unsustainable due to low consumption and a reliance on exports and enormous fixed-asset investments. Though many believe this "structural imbalance" of the Chinese economy will become a serious problem in the long run, Zhang holds a bullish long-term outlook owing to China's long-term economic development. For Zhang, China's structural problems are greatly exaggerated and certain structures, such as regional governing entities, ensure that China will not face the same economic issues that Japan encountered. Through regional competition, regional governments will persevere; Zhang predicts that China will overtake the US as a superpower. Zhang concludes by acknowledging the real dangers facing China's economy, and offering advice on the reforms needed to ensure continued growth.
Failure Mechanism and Stability Analysis of Rock Slope: New Insight and Methods
by Ke ZhangThis book presents in-depth coverage of laboratory experiments, theories, modeling techniques, and practices for the analysis and design of rock slopes in complex geological settings. It addresses new concepts in connection with the kinematical element method, discontinuity kinematical element method, integrated karst cave stochastic model-limit equilibrium method, improved strength reduction method, and fracture mechanics method, taking into account the relevant geological features. The book is chiefly intended as a reference guide for geotechnical engineering and engineering geology professionals, and as a textbook for related graduate courses.
Remote Sensing of Water-Related Hazards (Geophysical Monograph Series)
by Ke Zhang Yang Hong Amir AghaKouchakRemote Sensing of Water-Related Hazards Remote Sensing of Water-Related Hazards Water-related hazards such as floods and droughts have serious impacts on society. Their incidence has increased in recent decades, a trend set to continue with ongoing climate change. Adaptation and mitigation measures require accurate detection, monitoring, and forecasting, much of which comes from remote sensing technologies. Remote Sensing of Water-Related Hazards takes an interdisciplinary approach, presenting recent advances in the available data, sensors, models, and indicators developed for monitoring and prediction. Volume highlights include: Progress in remote sensing of precipitation, storms, and tornados Different techniques for flood mapping, forecasting, and early warning Integrated approach for predicting flood and landslide cascading hazards Satellite monitoring of water cycle variation, water scarcity, and drought conditions Multi-indicator and multi-sensor approaches for quantifying drought impacts The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Testing and Characterization of Asphalt Materials and Pavement Structures: Proceedings of the 5th GeoChina International Conference 2018 – Civil Infrastructures Confronting Severe Weathers and Climate Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, held on July 23 to 25, 2018 in HangZhou, China (Sustainable Civil Infrastructures)
by Kun Zhang Rongqiao Xu Shih-Huang ChenThis book presents new studies dealing with the attempts made by the scientists and practitioners to address contemporary issues in pavement engineering such as aging and modification of asphalt binders, performance evaluation of warm mix asphalt, and mechanical-based pavement structure analysis, etc.. Asphalt binder and mixture have been widely used to construct flexible pavements. Mechanical and Chemical characterizations of asphalt materials and integration of these properties into pavement structures and distresses analysis are of great importance to design a sustainable flexible pavement. This book includes discusses and new results dealing with these issues. Papers were selected from the 5th GeoChina International Conference 2018 – Civil Infrastructures Confronting Severe Weathers and Climate Changes: From Failure to Sustainability, held on July 23 to 25, 2018 in HangZhou, China.
Copulas and their Applications in Water Resources Engineering
by Lan Zhang V. P. SinghComplex environmental and hydrological processes are characterized by more than one correlated random variable. These events are multivariate and their treatment requires multivariate frequency analysis. Traditional analysis methods are, however, too restrictive and do not apply in many cases. Recent years have therefore witnessed numerous applications of copulas to multivariate hydrologic frequency analyses. This book describes the basic concepts of copulas, and outlines current trends and developments in copula methodology and applications. It includes an accessible discussion of the methods alongside simple step-by-step sample calculations. Detailed case studies with real-world data are included, and are organized based on applications, such as flood frequency analysis and water quality analysis. Illustrating how to apply the copula method to multivariate frequency analysis, engineering design, and risk and uncertainty analysis, this book is ideal for researchers, professionals and graduate students in hydrology and water resources engineering.
Drilled Shafts in Rock: Analysis and Design
by Lianyang ZhangDrilled shafts in rock are widely used as foundations of heavy structures such as highway bridges and tall buildings. Although much has been learned about the analysis and design of drilled shafts in rock, all the major findings are published in the form of reports and articles in technical journals and conference proceedings. This book i
Modeling the Injury Flow and Treatment after Major Earthquakes
by Lulu ZhangThis book discuss a series of earthquake emergency medical rescue complex models, which can provide theoretical support for medical disaster rescue work in the future. This book consists of three parts. The first part is an introduction (chapter 1) which makes an overview of the purpose, meaning, methods and relative theory using in the research. The second part (chapter 2 to 8) includes "casualty flow" related factors such as the occurrences of earthquake casualty, the Length of Stay among the Hospitalized Patients, the medical evacuation in earthquake and rescue force related factors such as the medical rescue forces allocation in earthquake, the organization and command of earthquake rescue forces, Location and Distribution of Medical Rescue Institutions and from peacetime to wartime in hospital. The third part (chapter 9) is a summary including conclusion and policy-making suggestion.
Rainfall-Induced Soil Slope Failure: Stability Analysis and Probabilistic Assessment
by Lulu Zhang Jinhui Li Xu Li Jie Zhang Hong ZhuRainfall-induced landslides are common around the world. With global climate change, their frequency is increasing and the consequences are becoming greater. Previous studies assess them mostly from the perspective of a single discipline—correlating landslides with rainstorms, geomorphology and hydrology in order to establish a threshold prediction value for rainfall-induced landslides; analyzing the slope’s stability using a geomechanical approach; or assessing the risk from field records. Rainfall Induced Soil Slope Failure: Stability Analysis and Probabilistic Assessment integrates probabilistic approaches with the geotechnical modeling of slope failures under rainfall conditions with unsaturated soil. It covers theoretical models of rainfall infiltration and stability analysis, reliability analysis based on coupled hydro-mechanical modelling, stability of slopes with cracks, gravels and spatial heterogenous soils, and probabilistic model calibration based on measurement. It focuses on the uncertainties involved with rainfall-induced landslides and presents state-of-the art techniques and methods which characterize the uncertainties and quantify the probabilities and risk of rainfall-induced landslide hazards. Additionally, the authors cover: The failure mechanisms of rainfall-induced slope failure Commonly used infiltration and stability methods The infiltration and stability of natural soil slopes with cracks and colluvium materials Stability evaluation methods based on probabilistic approaches The effect of spatial variability on unsaturated soil slopes and more
Strategic Management and Sustainability Transitions: Theory and Practice (Routledge Research in Strategic Management)
by Michael ZhangThe subject of sustainability transitions has, in the past decade or so, become an established research field for academics, policy makers and practitioners alike. Conceptual and theoretical developments in the filed have gradually advanced from the perspectives of socio-technical systems and business models. Scholars contend that it is the interactions of the networks of actors, technologies, and institutions that drive transition processes toward sustainability. In this volume we further advance this line of inquiry with a special reference to strategic management of sustainability transitions, in both theory and practice. In theoretical development, we have selected three chapters to encompass the themes of (1) the interactions between ecological systems and human systems; (2) a critique on the continuous expansion of large multinational companies and their strategic control of key resource inputs through the lenses of circular economy and natural resource-based view; and (3) a multi-stakeholder ecosystems framework for the management of sustainability transitions with structural alignment of focal value propositions. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are critically addressed and empirically examined. It will become an essential reader and a reference book for researchers and postgraduate students interested in strategic management, international business, innovation studies, consumer behavior, and public administration.
Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2023 (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series)
by Mingming Zhang Zhiwei Peng Bowen Li Sergio Neves Monteiro Rajiv Soman Jiann-Yang Hwang Yunus Eren Kalay Juan P. Escobedo-Diaz John S. Carpenter Andrew D. Brown Shadia IkhmayiesThe collection focuses on the advancements of characterization of minerals, metals, and materials and the applications of characterization results on the processing of these materials. Advanced characterization methods, techniques, and new instruments are emphasized. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to:· Extraction and processing of various types of minerals, process-structure-property relationship of metal alloys, glasses, ceramics, polymers, composites, semiconductors, and carbon using as functional and structural materials. · Novel methods and techniques for characterizing materials across a spectrum of systems and processes. · Characterization of mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, dielectric, magnetic, physical, and other properties of materials. · Characterization of structural, morphological, and topographical natures of materials at micro- and nano- scales. · Characterization of extraction and processing including process development and analysis. · Advances in instrument developments for microstructure analysis and performance evaluation of materials, such as computer tomography (CT), X-ray and neutron diffraction, electron microscopy (SEM, FIB, TEM), and spectroscopy (EDS, WDS, EBSD) techniques. · 2D and 3D modelling for materials characterization.
Beam Diagnostics in Superconducting Accelerating Cavities: The Extraction of Transverse Beam Position from Beam-Excited Higher Order Modes (Springer Theses)
by Pei ZhangAn energetic charged particle beam introduced to an rf cavity excites a wakefield therein. This wakefield can be decomposed into a series of higher order modes and multipoles, which for sufficiently small beam offsets are dominated by the dipole component. This work focuses on using these dipole modes to detect the beam position in third harmonic superconducting S-band cavities for light source applications. A rigorous examination of several means of analysing the beam position based on signals radiated to higher order modes ports is presented. Experimental results indicate a position resolution, based on this technique, of 20 microns over a complete module of 4 cavities. Methods are also indicated for improving the resolution and for applying this method to other cavity configurations. This work is distinguished by its clarity and potential for application to several other international facilities. The material is presented in a didactic style and is recommended both for students new to the field, and for scientists well-versed in the field of rf diagnostics.
Automation in Tree Fruit Production: Principles and Practice
by Qin ZhangThe technology that allows automation in agriculture is rapidly developing and being applied to wide variety of key crops. This book focuses on automation in tree fruit crops worldwide. It covers topics such as automated tree fruit production systems, plant stress sensing and high-throughput phenotyping in precision horticulture, the economics of automation in tree fruit production, light interception sensing systems for canopy management, precision irrigation and water management, precision technologies for pest and disease management, opportunities for the application of robotics in tree fruit production, and the mechanical harvesting and handling of fruit crops.
Electric-Field Control of Magnetization and Electronic Transport in Ferromagnetic/Ferroelectric Heterostructures
by Sen ZhangThis book mainly focuses on the investigation of the electric-field control of magnetism and spin-dependent transportation based on a Co40Fe40B20(CoFeB)/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0. 7Ti0. 3O3(PMN-PT) multiferroic heterostructure. Methods of characterization and analysis of the multiferroic properties with in situ electric fields are induced to detect the direct magnetoelectric (ME) coupling. A switchable and non-volatile electric field control of magnetization in CoFeB/PMN-PT(001) structures is observed at room temperature, and the mechanism of direct coupling between the ferroelectric domain and ferromagnetic film due to the combined action of 109° ferroelastic domain switching in PMN-PT and the absence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in CoFeB is demonstrated. Moreover, the electric-field control of giant magnetoresistance is achieved in a CoFeB-based spin valve deposited on top of (011) oriented PMN-PT, which offers an avenue for implementing electric-writing and magnetic-reading random access memory at room temperature. Readers will learn the basic properties of multiferroic materials, many useful techniques related to characterizing multiferroics and the interesting ME effect in CoFeB/PMN-PT structures, which is significant for applications.
Dynamic Mechanical Behaviors and Constitutive Model of Roller Compacted Concrete (Hydroscience and Engineering)
by Sherong Zhang Xiaohua Wang Chao WangThis book systematically illustrates the dynamic mechanical behaviors and discusses the fundamentals of the constitutive modeling of roller-compacted concrete (RCC), influenced by the construction technique and mix design. Four typical problems are analyzed using laboratory tests, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, i.e., to illustrate the special dynamic mechanical behaviors of RCC, to reveal the dynamic size-dependence of mechanical properties, to discuss the aggregate size effect on dynamic mechanical properties, and to modify the dynamic constitutive model for RCC. Generally, the constitutive modeling of RCC needs a comprehensive understanding of dynamic size-dependence and aggregate size effect of concrete that coupled with the strain-rate sensitivity. So that, readers can master the modified dynamic constitutive model of RCC to analyze and solve the problems in blast-resistance analysis and protective design of RCC dams.This book can be used as a postgraduate textbook for civil and hydraulic engineering in colleges and universities, and as an elective course for senior undergraduates. It can also be used as a reference for relevant professional scientific researchers and engineers in field of protective design of concrete structures.
Chiral and Topological Nature of Magnetic Skyrmions (Springer Theses)
by Shilei ZhangThis book focuses on the characterisation of the chiral and topological nature of magnetic skyrmions in noncentrosymmetric helimagnets. In these materials, the skyrmion lattice phase appears as a long-range-ordered, close-packed grid of nearly millimetre-level correlation length, while the size of a single skyrmion is 3–100 nm. This is a very challenging range of length scales (spanning 5 orders of magnitude from tens of nm to mm) for magnetic characterisation techniques, and, to date, extensive information on this fascinating, magnetically ordered state has remained elusive. In response, this work develops novel resonant elastic x-ray scattering (REXS) techniques, which allow the magnetic structure, including the long-range order and domain formation, as well as microscopic skyrmion parameters, to be measured across the full range of length scales. Most importantly, using circular dichroism in REXS, the internal structure of a given skyrmion, the topological winding number, and the skyrmion helicity angle can all be unambiguously determined. These new techniques are applicable to many materials systems, and allow us to retrieve information on modulated spin structures, multiferroic order, spin-density-waves, and other forms of topological magnetic order.
Towards Healthy Settlements: Health Implications of Residential Suburbanization in Guangzhou (Urban Sustainability)
by Tianyao ZhangThis book aims to formulate recommendations for achieving a healthy neighborhood living environment for the middle-income people in China‘s suburbs. In China, the expeditious urbanization triggers the prosperous commodity housing development, which further grows with the spatial restructuring and socioeconomic transition. Residential suburbanization is generated, accompanied with the emergence of new-middle class and the change of lifestyle. However, the health effects of suburbanization in China are overlooked. This book investigates the health performance of suburban residents and the effects of suburban living on residents‘ health. This book also examines the resident-environment transaction modes to unfold the underlying mechanism of suburban living affecting residents’ health. Suburban residents had to passively adapt to their residential environment, which is the obstacle for achieving a health-promoting environment. The institutional dynamics determining the health performance of suburban living environment were addressed with the roles of governments, developers, planners, housing managers, residents‘ committee, and ordinary residents in commodity housing development. The book found no institutional support for the creation of health-promoting environments, especially with default of governments and excessive dependence on developers for public service facilities and the absence of civil society. Thus, the book proposes that institutional innovations are necessary in term of embedding the health dimension in all sectors of the society, enlisting collaboration between public and private sectors, and between health and non-health sectors, and thus cultivating the optimization of residents-environment transactions to create health-promoting environments.
MARS Applications in Geotechnical Engineering Systems: Multi-Dimension with Big Data
by Wengang ZhangThis book presents the application of a comparatively simple nonparametric regression algorithm, known as the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) surrogate model, which can be used to approximate the relationship between the inputs and outputs, and express that relationship mathematically. The book first describes the MARS algorithm, then highlights a number of geotechnical applications with multivariate big data sets to explore the approach’s generalization capabilities and accuracy. As such, it offers a valuable resource for all geotechnical researchers, engineers, and general readers interested in big data analysis.
Design of Deep Braced Excavation and Earth Retaining Systems Under Complex Built Environment: Theories and Case Studies
by Wengang Zhang Hanlong LiuThis book presents basic design theories and principles and provides detailed analysis for excavation failure cases based on the author's research experience, aiming to provide a comprehensive picture of the subject matter. It focuses on the basal heave stability analysis, the apparent earth pressure as well as the strut force determination, the retaining wall deflection, the ground settlement, the protection measures such as jet grouting slabs or piles, case reports, back analysis methodology. From the very basic to the most advanced, it tries to attain theoretical rigorousness and consistency. On the other hand, this book also tries to cope with design practice, implemented by the recent publications from the authors. Students, researchers, and design engineers working in the field of civil engineering could benefit from this book.
Application of Soft Computing, Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Optimizations in Geoengineering and Geoscience
by Wengang Zhang Yanmei Zhang Xin Gu Chongzhi Wu Liang HanThis book summarizes the application of soft computing techniques, machine learning approaches, deep learning algorithms and optimization techniques in geoengineering including tunnelling, excavation, pipelines, etc. and geoscience including the geohazards, rock and soil properties, etc. The book features state-of-the-art studies on use of SC,ML,DL and optimizations in Geoengineering and Geoscience. Considering these points and understanding, this book will be compiled with highly focussed chapters that will discuss the application of SC,ML,DL and optimizations in Geoengineering and Geoscience. Target audience: (1) Students of UG, PG, and Research Scholars: Several applications of SC,ML,DL and optimizations in Geoengineering and Geoscience can help students to enhance their knowledge in this domain. (2) Industry Personnel and Practitioner: Practitioners from different fields can be able to implement standard and advanced SC,ML,DL and optimizations for solving critical problems of civil engineering.
Regional Integration and Governance Reshuffling in the Making of China’s City-Regions (Urban Sustainability)
by Xianchun ZhangThis book for the first time thoroughly investigates the extent of economic and institutional integrations and the underlying governance reshuffling process of China’s city-regionalism. By using the Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou sub-region (SDH) in southern China as an empirical case, this book provides convincing evidence that China’s city-regionalism is essentially a state-orchestrated and institution-based process. Perspectives from “market-industry-infrastructure” and multi-level governance (MLG) have been provided to systematically examine China’s city-regionalism. This book has essentially made a definitive contribution to China’s regional governance. Methodologically, it shows how China’s city-regionalism can be examined through a problem-solving and case-by-case paradigm, through building a bridge between an empirical slogan and an inclusive theoretical term for institutional integration and through MLG and its integrative approaches in China. Exhilarating findings are presented using extensive tables, graphs, and maps along with the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods. Undergraduates, graduates, and researchers who are interested in China’s city-regionalism and regional governance would be the readership of the book, and officers from different levels of government as well as policymakers will find the book inspiring.
Principle, Design and Optimization of Air Balancing Methods for the Multi-zone Ventilation Systems in Low Carbon Green Buildings
by Xin Zhang Can Cui Wen-Jian Cai Hui Cai Gang JingThis book presents a systematic study on the air balancing technologies in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Several modern air balancing methods, including advanced control-based air balancing, data-driven-based air balancing, and energy-saving-oriented air balancing, are introduced in this book to balance the air duct system. Furthermore, this book provides clear instructions for both HVAC designers and engineers, as well as researchers, on how to design and balance duct systems for improved performance and energy efficiency.
Modeling with Digital Ocean and Digital Coast
by Xin Zhang Lei Wang Xiaoyi Jiang Changming ZhuThis book presents essential new insights in research and applications concerning spatial information technologies and coastal disaster prevention modeling for oceanic and coastal regions. As a new research domain of Digital Earth, it covers the latest scientific and technical advances, from the acquisition and integration of observational data, ocean spatio-temporal analysis and coastal flood forecasting to frequency modeling and the development of technical platforms. The individual chapters will be of interest to specialists in oceanic and coastal monitoring and management who deal with aspects of data integration, sharing, visualization, and spatio-temporal analysis from a Digital Earth perspective.
Energy Solutions to Combat Global Warming
by Xinrong Zhang Ibrahim DincerThis book gathers an in-depth collection of 45 selected papers presented at the Global Conference on Global Warming 2014 in Beijing, China, covering a broad variety of topics from the main principles of thermodynamics and their role in design, analysis, and the improvements in performance of energy systems to the potential impact of global warming on human health and wellbeing. Given energy production's role in contributing to global warming and climate change, this work provides solutions to global warming from the point of view of energy. Incorporating multi-disciplinary expertise and approaches, it provides a platform for the analysis of new developments in the area of global warming and climate change, as well as potential energy solutions including renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy storage, hydrogen production, CO2 capture and environmental impact assessment. The research and analysis presented herein will benefit international scientists, researchers, engineers, policymakers and all others with an interest in global warming and its potential solutions.
Sustainable Development of Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering in China: Proceedings For The 2016 International Conference On Water Resource And Hydraulic Engineering (Environmental Earth Sciences Ser.)
by Yong Zhang Wei Dong Yanqing LianThis book presents the gatherings of the “2016 International Conference on Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering,” which primarily focused on the sustainable development of water resources and the environment in both China and the United States. The respective papers cover a wide variety of research areas, including watershed hydrology; river hydraulics; groundwater hydrology; water resources management and sustainability development; water supply planning under climate change; water quality analysis and water pollution; sponge city development and urban watershed management; environment and sustainability; global connections between air and water; and irrigation and drainage issues for agricultural engineering. The contributions will be of interest to a global readership and highlight the emerging problems facing developing countries, as well as research and measures to successfully deal with them and promote a greener and more eco-friendly living environment.
Place Making in International Practice of Landscape Architecture: A Study of Australian Practices in China (Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China #64)
by Yun ZhangThis book explores international practice in landscape architecture, focusing on the provision of services from Australia to China during China’s contemporary urbanization and Australian landscape architects’ approaches to place. Landscape architectural practice requires planners and designers to have a deep understanding of local culture, site characteristics, craftsmanship and even project procedures that are often intangible. How to acquire the above local knowledge has become a major challenge for international teams. Through the survey of the practice of Australian landscape practices in China and the case study of Li Lake planning and design project, this book reveals the process and difficulties of landscape planning and design as a transnational practice, as well as its special value as a way of cross-cultural fertilization. This book is intended for students, practitioners and researchers in the fields of landscape architecture, architecture and urban planning.