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Multi-risk Interactions Towards Resilient and Sustainable Cities (Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology)
by Tiago Miguel FerreiraFor years, researchers have studied the risks of individual natural hazards in urban areas. However, the impact of multiple hazards has not yet received widespread attention in research and urban management practice, which is a significant gap in the current climate change context. This book aims to contribute to filling that gap by examining the process of identifying, assessing, and managing multi-hazard risks in urban areas. From identifying and assessing the vulnerability of the elements exposed to the impact of natural hazards, including earthquakes, floods, fires, and landslides, this book covers all the critical stages of multi-hazard risk assessment and management in a climate change context. The concepts and approaches discussed in the book are applied to the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, a dynamic and thriving metropolis, allowing readers to see those theories applied in a real setting. In addition to providing a solid theoretical foundation, this book offers practical guidelines for conducting risk assessment at the metropolitan scale, which makes it a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers interested in understanding and managing multi-hazard risks in urban areas.
Progressive Collapse Resilience of Concrete Structures: Mechanisms, Simulations and Experiments
by Kai Qian Qin FangThe book introduces the comprehensive analysis methodology regarding progressive collapse, and the critical issues may happen in concrete structures. Main topics include: the influential parameters of the development of the main load-resisting mechanisms; the dynamic effects with sudden column removal scenarios; the contribution of non-structural components to improve the resilience of concrete structures; uncertainties in progressive collapse analysis. Based on the empirical research of the author and his team, the book provides valuable knowledge in the field of progressive collapse and bridges the gap between academic research and practice.
Space–Time Conservation Element and Solution Element Method: Advances and Applications in Engineering Sciences (Engineering Applications of Computational Methods #13)
by Chih-Yung Wen Yazhong Jiang Lisong ShiThis open access book introduces the fundamentals of the space–time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method, which is a novel numerical approach for solving equations of physical conservation laws. It highlights the recent progress to establish various improved CESE schemes and its engineering applications. With attractive accuracy, efficiency, and robustness, the CESE method is particularly suitable for solving time-dependent nonlinear hyperbolic systems involving dynamical evolutions of waves and discontinuities. Therefore, it has been applied to a wide spectrum of problems, e.g., aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, magnetohydrodynamics, multi-material flows, and detonations. This book contains algorithm analysis, numerical examples, as well as demonstration codes. This book is intended for graduate students and researchers who are interested in the fields such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD), mechanical engineering, and numerical computation.
Local Governance of Peatland Restoration in Riau, Indonesia: A Transdisciplinary Analysis (Global Environmental Studies)
by Masaaki Okamoto Takamasa Osawa Wahyu Prasetyawan Akhwan BinawanThis open access book is one in a series of four volumes introducing peatland conservation and restoration in Indonesia. It focuses on local governance, in particular on regional and local perspectives in Riau, the most peat-destructed province of Indonesia. The book fills a vital gap in the existing literature that overlooks social science and humanities perspectives. Written by authors from different disciplines and backgrounds (including scholars and NGO activists), the approaches to the topic are various and unique, including analysis of GPS logs, social media, geospatial assessments, online interviews (conducted due to the Covid-19 pandemic), and more conventional questionnaires and surveys of community members. The chapters cover an interdisciplinary understanding of peatland destruction and broadly offer insights into environmental governance. While presenting combined studies of established fieldwork methodologies and contemporary technology such as drones and geospatial information, the book also explores the potential of long-distance research with rural communities through online facilitation, which was brought about by Covid-19, but that may have longterm implications. Readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the complexities surrounding peatland conservation and restoration and recognize the significance of locally inclusive approaches that use contemporary but accessible technologies to sustainably govern the globally important resource of peatland. That approach would be useful for other environmentally fragile but important regions and give some ideas to achieve the United Nations’ SDGs for 1)No Poverty, 5)Gender Equality, 13)Climate Action, 15)Life of Land.
Vulnerability and Transformation of Indonesian Peatlands (Global Environmental Studies)
by Kosuke Mizuno Osamu Kozan Haris GunawanThis open access book deals with restoring degraded peatlands to help mitigate global warming, to which SDG 15 and SDG 13 are directly related. The book analyzes peatland degradation and restoration of the Indonesian peatland ecosystem through the integrated lens of resilience, vulnerability, adaptation, and transformation. It sheds light on what constitutes "resilience" of the peat swamp forest, digs deeper into local knowledge in developing the studies on institutions, governance, and ecological conditions that support the resilience of the peat swamp forest to elaborate on the idea of transformation in today's degraded peatlands. While peat swamp forests may be resilient, they remain highly vulnerable. The book analyzes restoration efforts through rewetting, revegetation, and rehabilitation of the local livelihoods with the concepts of adaptation and transformation. The integrated analysis covers fieldwork of more than a decade and various aspects such as agrarian and social changes, biological changes (birds, mammals, and termites), carbon emission, water control, timber use, revegetation efforts, and the Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) program implementation. It also employs the ideas of vulnerability, resilience, adaptability, and transformation based on expanded studies on peatlands and observations of and participation in multiple efforts to prevent fires and restore the degraded peatland by researchers, the government, non-government organizations (NGOs), private companies, and last but not least, the local people. The discussion includes the period of pre-degradation and several efforts at peatland restoration for a better understanding and analysis of the long-term peatland dynamics.
Conservation of Biodiversity in the North Eastern States of India: Proceedings of NERC 2022
by Ramagopal V. S. Uppaluri Latha RanganThis volume presents part of the proceedings of NERC 2022, with an emphasis on conservation of bio-diversity in North-east India. This is a highly challenging and involved topic due to regionally diverse physiographic, geographical and eco-climatic conditions. Henceforth, systemic and holistic frameworks are required to disseminate upon the potential of science and technology for the conservation of the region’s bio-diversity. Notable among these frameworks refers to plant, microbial and animal bio-diversity conservation, value-added product development and sharing the benefits of such research for the perspective of bio-prospects, analysing critical environmental and climatic factors and their sensitivity upon urbanization strategies. Tools that are to be deployed for such insights involve plant, animal, and microbial bioscience and biotechnology, generalized rules for product design and development and survey based strategies. Addressing relevant competent methodologies and generic pedagogies, this volume on the bio-diversity conservation in North-eastern states of India aims to demonstrate the potential of pragmatic strategies that can be applied for the bio-diversity conservation in any region of world. Thereby, opportunities for nature linked livelihood security can be sought for the long term wellbeing of the humankind and ecology.
The Pursuit of Reality: Narrative History of the Quantum and the Great Minds That Made it
by Selçuk Ş. BayınIn a highly accessible style, this book presents a narrative history of the quantum theory with the new developments that intrigue all inquisitive minds. Quantum theory is counter-intuitive and sometimes downright weird. Even Nobel Laureate physicists like Richard Feynman admit that they do not understand it. Yet, so far, there is not a shred of experimental data that conflicts with its predictions. Its effect on our lives is bound to increase with the quantum information era ushered in by the great Bohr–Einstein debate. Tantalizing applications of quantum information like teleportation, spy-proof communication, super-fast quantum computers, and more are going to influence our lives and change our beliefs about the nature of physical reality. This book takes the reader on an exhilarating journey through the intellectual history of quantum that is turning out to be more surprising every day.
Transport Efficiency and Safety in China (Population, Regional Development and Transport)
by Pengjun Zhao Liangen ZengThis book is the first comprehensive analysis of transport efficiency in China. It presents a series of rigorous empirical analysis for the operation and environmental efficiencies of major transport sectors, including highway, railway, civil aviation, and waterway. It also evaluates transport safety of China. The book innovatively employs a DEA model based on Epsilon measures (EBM) to evaluate transport efficiency and an EBM DEA model with undesirable outputs to calculate transport environmental efficiency. The factors of transport efficiency are quantitatively studied, including economic growth, social transition, and technology changes. Also, China's policies aimed at improving transportation efficiency are evaluated.The theoretical analyses and discussions would enhance our existing knowledge of the changes and determinants of transport system’s efficiency in a context of rapid urbanization, industrialization, and marketization in China. The findings of the existing policy evaluation would bring fresh evidences for transport policy performances to both scholars and politicians. In particular, it shows policymakers the experiences or lessons of how to create an efficient transport system in order to save energy use, reduce GHGs emissions, and improve social security. This book is of great interest to scholars interested in sustainable transport, regional planning and development, environmental policy and is relevant to China and other developing countries.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Smart Cities (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #324)
by Bashar S. Mohammed Teh Hee Min Muslich Hartadi Sutanto Tri Basuki Joewono Sholihin As’adThis book contains papers presented at the International Conference on Emerging Smart Cities (ICESC2022), previously known as the International Conference on Civil, Offshore and Environmental Engineering (ICCOEE). ICESC is held under the banner of World Engineering, Science and Technology Congress (ESTCON2022) from 1 to2 December 2022 at Borneo Convention Centre, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. This proceeding contains papers presented by academics and industrial practitioners showcasing the latest advancements and findings in civil engineering areas with an emphasis on emerging smart cities for the ultimate shape of urban living in the near future. The papers are categorized under the following tracks: (1) Climate Adaptive materials; (2) Environmental sustainability; (3) Infrastructure efficiency.
Geotechnical Lessons Learnt—Building and Transport Infrastructure Projects: Proceedings of the 2021 AGS Sydney Annual Symposium (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #325)
by Hadi Khabbaz Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn Ali ParsaThis book contains accepted papers submitted and peer-reviewed for the 25th Annual Symposium organised by the Sydney Chapter of the Australian Geomechanics Society (AGS). The objective is to bring together the key stakeholders of the Australian geological and geotechnical community. It showcases state-of-the-art practices, new research findings, and case histories that demonstrate geotechnical advances and challenges in building and transport infrastructure. It focuses on geotechnical aspects of smart solutions and improvements in geotechnical approaches for transport infrastructure projects, advances in tunnel design and construction, and geotechnical challenges in design and construction – case histories and lessons learnt. This volume will be a useful guide to those in academia and industry working in the fields of geotechnical engineering.
Computational Plasma Science: Physics and Selected Simulation Examples (Springer Series in Plasma Science and Technology)
by Shigeo KawataThe book presents fundamentals of plasma physics with rich references and computational techniques in a concise manner. It particularly focuses on introductions to numerical simulation methods in plasma physics, in addition to those to physics and mathematics in plasma physics. It also presents the fundamentals of numerical methods, which solve mathematical models of plasmas, together with examples of numerical results. A discretization method, the so-called finite difference method, is introduced for particle-in-cell methods and fluid codes, which have been widely employed in plasma physics studies. In addition to the introduction to numerical solutions, it also covers numerical stability. The instabilities and numerical errors significantly influence the results, and for correct results, great efforts are required to avoid such numerical artifacts. The book also carefully discusses the numerical errors, numerical stability, and uncertainty in numerical computations. Readers are expected to have an understanding of fundamental physics of mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, statistical physics, relativity, fluid dynamics, and mathematics, but the book does not assume background knowledge on plasma. Therefore, it is a first book of plasma physics for upper undergraduate and early graduate students who are interested in learning it.
Principles of Engineering Management
by Jishan HeThis book presents a comprehensive overview of engineering management, giving readers a complete picture of this research field. Following an introduction, the book explores: • Engineering Management Ontology • Engineering Management Epistemology • Engineering Management Methodology • Engineering Management Decision Theory • Engineering Management Organization Theory • Engineering Management Value Theory • Engineering Management Innovation Theory • Engineering Management Environment Theory • Engineering Management Humanities • Engineering Management Ethics Theory The book includes case studies that demonstrate how various concepts can be practically applied to resolve real-world problems. The book is a valuable read for professionals of engineering management, management and systems engineering.
Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment Technology (Water Resources Development and Management)
by Muhammad Suleman Tahir Muhammad Sagir Muhammad Bilal TahirThis book highlights the several pollutants and their derivatives that exist in water and wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, personal care products, heavy metals, pesticides, dyes etc., as a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization. Several part pollution is caused by nutrients, organics, and contaminants with low concentration but is highly toxic to human and aquatic environment. This book provides a holistic approach in terms of measurement, monitoring, and recent advances in treatment technologies for water and wastewater treatment and water reuse. The technologies involve the physio-chemical, biological and advanced oxidation processes in which they are modified or coupled with nanomaterials and/or newly developed products for improving the performance of the current treatment processes. In addition, the membrane processes include recent research on the removal of challenging chemicals by various membrane bioreactors and reverse osmosis processes.
Large-Eddy Simulation Based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method for Built Environment Problems
by Mengtao Han Ryozo OokaThis book details the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) applied to the built environment problems. It provides the fundamental theoretical knowledge and specific implementation methods of LBM from the engineering perspective of the built environment. It covers comprehensive issues of built environment with three detailed cases, solving practical problems. It can be used as a reference book for teachers, students, and engineering technicians to study LBM and conduct architecture and urban wind environments simulations, in the fields of architecture, building technology science, urban planning, HVAC, built environment engineering, and civil engineering.
Problems of High Frequency Diffraction by Elongated Bodies (Springer Series in Optical Sciences #243)
by Ivan AndronovClassical asymptotic expansions, while producing a good approximation for the diffracted fields in general, appear hardly applicable in the case of extremely elongated bodies. Thus, there are problems that are on the one hand too difficult for numerical solvers due to large system size, and on the other hand make the description with classical asymptotic methods hard. The book explains why this happens and suggests the way out. By defining the characteristics of a strongly elongated body it introduces a special class of asymptotic approximations, which are in some sense uniform with respect to the rate of body elongation. Chapter 1 briefly describes the results of V. A. Fock and further developments of his approach towards the problems of diffraction by elongated obstacles. It formulates the cases of moderately and strongly elongated bodies. The rest of the book describes the approach of special parabolic equations, which lead to new asymptotic approximations for the diffracted fields. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 discuss diffraction by bodies of elliptical shape: The elliptic cylinder with a strongly elongated cross section and prolate spheroid with a high aspect ratio. Chapter 5 generalizes the approach to some other shapes such as narrow cones and narrow hyperboloids. Mathematical formulas for the Whittaker functions widely used in the book are collected in the Appendix. The concise derivations are supplied with numerous test examples that compare asymptotic approximations with numerically computed fields and clarify the specifics of high frequency diffraction by strongly elongated bodies. The reference solutions presented in the book enable one to validate the newly developed numerical solvers.
Ecosystem Restoration through Managing Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review)
by Maiko Nishi Suneetha M. SubramanianThis open access book is a compilation of case studies that provide useful knowledge and lessons that derive from on-the-ground activities and contribute to policy recommendations, focusing on the relevance of social-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS) to ecosystem restoration. Building on the concept of SEPLS, the Satoyama Initiative promotes landscape approaches as integrative area-based strategies to bring together diverse stakeholders aiming to balance multiple objectives, including conservation and development, for the benefit of biodiversity and human well-being. Many of the SEPLS case studies from the International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative (IPSI) offer rich evidence to help guide restoration efforts while advancing relevant knowledge and practices. The book highlights how the efforts in managing SEPLS can contribute to ecosystem restoration and sustainable development, looking at the strategies and approaches by which multiple stakeholders express, negotiate, and embrace their plural value perspectives of nature to restore ecosystems within a landscape or seascape. It begins with an introductory chapter followed by twelve case studies and a synthesis clarifying the relevance of the case study findings to policy and academic discussions. This book will be of interest to scholars, policymakers and professionals in the field related to sustainable development, especially on SDGs 15 and 17.
Theoretical Studies on Extended Higgs Sectors Towards Future Precision Measurements (Springer Theses)
by Masashi AikoThis book investigates the physics of the discovered Higgs boson and additional Higgs bosons in the extended Higgs models which includes higher-order quantum corrections. While the 125 GeV Higgs boson was discovered, the structure of the Higgs sector is still a mystery. Since the Higgs sector determines the concrete realization of the Higgs mechanism, the study of its nature is one of the central interests in current and future high-energy physics. The book begins with a review of the standard model and the two-Higgs doublet model, which is one of the representatives of the extended Higgs models. Subsequently, we discuss the studies of the two-Higgs doublet model at the lowest order of perturbation. Following the lowest-order analysis, we study the higher-order electroweak corrections in Higgs physics. After reviewing the renormalization procedure and the higher-order corrections in the decays of the discovered Higgs boson, we discuss the higher-order corrections in the Higgs strahlung process from an electron-positron collision, the decays of the additional charged and CP-odd Higgs bosons in the two-Higgs doublet model. From the series of these studies, it is found that the nature of the Higgs sector can be widely investigated by future collider experiments.
Proceedings of the 2022 12th International Conference on Environment Science and Engineering (Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Xueming ChenThis book consists of selected and presented papers from the 2022 12th International Conference on Environment Science and Engineering (ICESE 2022), which was held in Beijing, China, during September 2–5, 2022. The conference brought together innovative academicians and industrial experts in the field of environmental science and engineering in a common forum to promote their research and developmental activities. It also facilitated interchanging scientific information between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working abroad. The book includes topics such as environmental sustainability, sustainable cities, environmental restoration and ecological engineering, water resources and river basin management, water treatment and reclamation, air pollution and control, atmospheric physics, carbon capture and storage, waste minimization, and resource management, among others. This book is a valuable reference for those who work in these fields in academia and industry.
Recent Developments in Energy and Environmental Engineering: Select Proceedings of TRACE 2022 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #333)
by Rafid Al Khaddar S. K. Singh N. D. Kaushika R. K. Tomar S. K. JainThis book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering (TRACE 2022). It discusses the latest topics related to energy and environmental engineering. The topics covered include green and clean technologies, zero-energy buildings, solar energy, energy conservation and heat recovery, solar architecture, artificial intelligence for sustainable buildings, climate change, and plastic and air pollution. This book is useful for researchers and professionals working in the area of civil engineering and energy and environmental engineering.
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Indonesian Architecture and Planning: Beyond Sustainability Through Design, Planning and Innovation (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #334)
by Deva Fosterharoldas Swasto Dwita Hadi Rahmi Yani Rahmawati Isti Hidayati Jimly Al-Faraby Alyas WiditaThis book presents selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Indonesian Architecture and Planning (ICIAP) held during October 13-14 2022 at the Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The ICIAP is a series of biennale conferences which presents the latest developments in the field of Indonesian architecture, planning, and the governance. Each edition of the conference focuses in a specific theme, and it provides an exclusive forum for intellectually stimulating and engaging interactions among academicians and industrialists to share their recent scientific breakthroughs and emerging trends. For ICIAP 2022, the conference theme focused on “Beyond Sustainability in Design, Planning, and Innovation” and papers presented on relevant topics such as sustainable urban and regional development, sustainable architectural design, innovations for sustainability, responsive environment and challenges for sustainability. The content of this book will appeal to the researchers, academics, urban planners and policymakers who work in the field of sustainable architecture design, planning and innovation.
Foundations of Rock Mechanics in Oil and Gas Engineering
by Yuanfang Cheng Chuanliang Yan Zhongying HanThis book introduces the basic theoretical knowledge of rock mechanics and its application in petroleum engineering. It covers the gamut of the formulas and calculations for petroleum engineers that have been compiled over decades, while others are meant to help guide the engineer through some of the more recent breakthroughs in the industry’s technology.The topics are introduced at a level that should give a good basic understanding of the subject:• Basic concepts of stress and strain• Experimental method of rock mechanics• Rock deformation and strength characteristics• Rock strength failure criterion• In situ stress state• Application method of rock mechanics theory in the field of wellbore stability• Application method of rock mechanics theory in the field of sand production• Application method of rock mechanics theory in the field of hydraulic fracturing.This textbook contains abundant figures, illustrations, and tables, providing valuable examples and exercises.Key Features and Benefits for the Reader: • Helps in understanding the basic concepts of rock mechanics• Applies rock mechanics theory and method to various fields of petroleum engineering• Includes a large number of calculations, tables, and equations that are very useful for petroleum engineers• Presents new and updated sections in rock mechanics of petroleum engineering.
Proceedings of 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #332)
by Manish Shrikhande Pankaj Agarwal P. C. Ashwin KumarThis book presents select proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering organized by the Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. The topics covered in the proceedings include engineering seismology and seismotectonics, earthquake hazard assessment, seismic microzonation and urban planning, dynamic properties of soils and ground response, ground improvement techniques for seismic hazards, computational soil dynamics, dynamic soil–structure interaction, codal provisions on earthquake-resistant design, seismic evaluation and retrofitting of structures, earthquake disaster mitigation and management, and many more. This book also discusses relevant issues related to earthquakes, such as human response and socioeconomic matters, post-earthquake rehabilitation, earthquake engineering education, public awareness, participation and enforcement of building safety laws, and earthquake prediction and early warning system. This book is a valuable reference for researchers and professionals working in the area of earthquake engineering.
South China Sea Seeps
by Duofu Chen Dong FengThis open access book presents an overview on seep systems in South China Sea. It includes numerous illustrations and photographs of the seeps that never seen before. It also introduces multidisciplinary research results to stimulate further research interest.
Proceedings of 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #331)
by Manish Shrikhande Pankaj Agarwal P. C. Ashwin KumarThis book presents select proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering organized by the Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. The topics covered in the proceedings include engineering seismology and seismotectonics, earthquake hazard assessment, seismic microzonation and urban planning, dynamic properties of soils and ground response, ground improvement techniques for seismic hazards, computational soil dynamics, dynamic soil–structure interaction, codal provisions on earthquake-resistant design, seismic evaluation and retrofitting of structures, earthquake disaster mitigation and management, and many more. This book also discusses relevant issues related to earthquakes, such as human response and socioeconomic matters, post-earthquake rehabilitation, earthquake engineering education, public awareness, participation and enforcement of building safety laws, and earthquake prediction and early warning system. This book is a valuable reference for researchers and professionals working in the area of earthquake engineering.
Proceedings of 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #330)
by Manish Shrikhande Pankaj Agarwal P. C. Ashwin KumarThis book presents select proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering organized by the Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. The topics covered in the proceedings include engineering seismology and seismotectonics, earthquake hazard assessment, seismic microzonation and urban planning, dynamic properties of soils and ground response, ground improvement techniques for seismic hazards, computational soil dynamics, dynamic soil–structure interaction, codal provisions on earthquake-resistant design, seismic evaluation and retrofitting of structures, earthquake disaster mitigation and management, and many more. This book also discusses relevant issues related to earthquakes, such as human response and socioeconomic matters, post-earthquake rehabilitation, earthquake engineering education, public awareness, participation and enforcement of building safety laws, and earthquake prediction and early warning system. This book is a valuable reference for researchers and professionals working in the area of earthquake engineering.