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TOEIC Practice Exams: 6 Practice Tests + Online Audio, Sixth Edition (Barron's Test Prep)
by Lin Lougheed Ph.D.Barron&’s TOEIC Practice Exams is designed for ESL students preparing to take the Test of English for International Communication.This manual provides students with extensive practice in the actual test-taking experience as an efficient way of improving their score when they take the actual TOEIC.Inside students will findSix full-length practice exams that reflect the actual TOEIC in length, subject matter, question types, and degree of difficulty.Answer explanations for all questionsOnline audio for all six TOEIC listening comprehension sectionsRecommendations for web-based self-study activities
TOEIC Premium: 6 Practice Tests + Online Audio, Tenth Edition (Barron's Test Prep)
by Lin Lougheed Ph.D.Barron&’s TOEIC Premium is designed for ESL students preparing to take the Test of English for International Communication.Test-takers will find:Extensive practice in listening and reading comprehension skillsSix full-length practice tests identical in format and question types to the current TOEIC with answer explanations for all questionsTopics and vocabulary most frequently seen on the actual TOEICOnline audio for all six TOEIC listening comprehension sectionsRecommendations for web-based self-study activities
Early Years Second Language Education: International perspectives on theory and practice (Routledge Research in Early Childhood Education)
by Mónica Lourenço Sandie MourãoThe age for early language learning has dropped dramatically in the past decade to include children under 6 years old, yet very little published research exists to support the implementation of such programmes. Drawing on a synthesis of theory, research and practice, this edited volume makes an innovative contribution to literature concerning language education for very young children. It explores language learning in a wide range of geographical contexts with reference to second and foreign language learning, bilingualism and plurilingualism with children under the age of 6 years old. Chapters present discussion around teacher education, policy-making, international case studies, school and home-based projects, code switching and language use, and methodologies and approaches. Early Years Second Language Education: International perspectives on theory and practice will be essential reading for researchers, academics, teacher trainers, and post-graduate students in the fields of early years education, foreign and second language education, language didactics and teacher education.
Transgressive Humor in Classrooms: Punching Up, Punching Down, and Critical Literacy Practices
by David E. LowIn this innovative book, David E. Low examines the multifaceted role of humor in critical literacy studies. Talking about how teachers and students negotiate understandings of humor and social critique vis-à-vis school-based critical literacy curriculums, the book co-examines teachers’ and students’ understandings of humor and critique in schools.Critical literacy centers discussions on power and social roles but often overlooks how students use transgressive humor as a means to interrogate power. Through examples of classroom interactions and anecdotes, Low analyzes the role of humor in classroom settings to uncover how humor interplays with critical inquiry, sensemaking, and nonsense-making. Articulated across the fields of literacy studies and humor studies, the book uses ethnographic data from three Central California high schools to establish linkages and dissonances between critical literacy education and adolescents’ joking practices. Adopting the dialectic of punching up and punching down as a conceptual framework, the book argues that developing more nuanced understandings of transgressive humor presents educators with opportunities to cultivate deeper critical literacy pedagogies and that doing so is a matter of social justice.Essential for scholars and students in literacy education, this book adds to the scholarship on critical literacy by exploring the subversive power of humor in the classroom.
Pronunciation for English as an International Language: From research to practice (Routledge Research in Language Education)
by Ee-Ling LowPronunciation plays a crucial role in learning English as an international language, yet often remains marginalised by educators due to a lack of required phonetic and phonological knowledge. Pronunciation for English as an International Language bridges the gap between phonetics, phonology and pronunciation and provides the reader with a research based guide on how best to teach the English language. The book follows an easy to follow format which ensures the reader will have a comprehensive grasp of each given topic by the end of the chapter. Key ideas explored include: • Articulation of English speech sounds and basic transcription • Connected speech processes • Current issues in English language pronunciation teaching • Multimedia in English language pronunciation practice • Using speech analysis to investigate pronunciation features Using the latest research, Pronunciation for English as an International Language will facilitate effective teaching and learning for any individual involved in teaching English as a second, foreign or international language.
Modern Linguistics in Ancient India
by null John J. LoweThe ancient Indian linguistic tradition has been influential in the development of modern linguistics, yet is not well known among modern Western linguists. This unique book addresses this gap by providing an accessible introduction to the Indian linguistic tradition, covering its most important achievements and ideas, and assessing its impact on Western linguistics. It shows how ancient Indian methods of linguistic analysis can be applied to a number of topical issues across the disciplines of modern linguistics–spanning phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and computational linguistics. Exploring the parallels, differences, and connections in how both traditions treat major issues in linguistic science, it sheds new light on a number of topical issues in linguistic theory. Synthesizing existing major work on both sides, it makes Indian linguistics accessible to Western linguists for the first time, as well as making ideas from mainstream linguistics more accessible to students and scholars of Indian grammar.
Chinese Literacy Learning in an Immersion Program
by Chan LüThis book examines one-way foreign language immersion education in the United States. It provides a clear and rich description of a Chinese (Mandarin) immersion program, its curriculum, instructional materials, assessment activities, parental involvement and student outcomes. The author analyses two studies that document the development of the students’ reading skills in English and Chinese, and the progress of their vocabulary knowledge, lexical inference, and reading comprehension in Chinese. In addition, this book contextualizes the program in its eco-system, including its neighbourhood, school, and the school district, and discusses the importance of school leadership, parental involvement, neighbourhood support and language acquisition planning in making an innovative school program successful. Its concluding chapters offer recommendations for program- and classroom-level practices and suggest pathways for future research on biliteracy learning in Chinese one-way immersion programs. This book will appeal in particular to students and scholars of applied linguistics, second language acquisition and language education.
Computational and Corpus Approaches to Chinese Language Learning (Chinese Language Learning Sciences)
by Xiaofei Lu Berlin ChenThis book presents a collection of original research articles that showcase the state of the art of research in corpus and computational linguistic approaches to Chinese language teaching, learning and assessment. It offers a comprehensive set of corpus resources and natural language processing tools that are useful for teaching, learning and assessing Chinese as a second or foreign language; methods for implementing such resources and techniques in Chinese pedagogy and assessment; as well as research findings on the effectiveness of using such resources and techniques in various aspects of Chinese pedagogy and assessment.
Assessing Learners’ Competence in L2 Chinese 二语汉语能力测试 (Routledge Chinese Language Pedagogy)
by Yang LuAssessing Learners’ Competence in L2 Chinese is the first book intended to answer the question on whether existing standardised and classroom-based assessments can reflect learners’ competence in L2 Chinese. The Chinese language has enjoyed increasing global popularity amongst second/foreign language learners and has become one of the major modern languages for school and university curricula. However, to many teachers and researchers, it has been difficult to answer with confidence whether the existing standardised and classroom tests can reflect learners’ competence in L2 Chinese. This book defines and redefines the constructs for assessing L2 Chinese competence that have been overlooked or misplaced because of the unique features of the Chinese language. The book provides theoretical backgrounds and practical methodologies for assessing competence in L2 Chinese trainees and experienced teachers of Chinese as a second language. It will provide invaluable guidelines and ready-made workshop materials for postgraduate teacher training programmes. Researchers and academics will find innovative frameworks on the subject for further studies and debates.
Teaching and Learning Chinese in Higher Education: Theoretical and Practical Issues (Routledge Chinese Language Pedagogy)
by Yang LuTeaching and Learning Chinese in Higher Education deals with the current issues and challenges faced by teachers and learners of Chinese. Written by leading professionals and academics, the book is the first collection of research articles based on data collected in higher education institutions in the UK. The studies focus on concerns related to learners of Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) and aim to establish studies on teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL) as part of the mainstream of applied linguistics The contributors have applied their theoretical backgrounds in applied linguistics and education to tackle issues such as how to benchmark the Chinese written language with CEFR, how to integrate standardised Chinese proficiency tests with institutional assessments and teaching methodologies. Teaching and Learning Chinese in Higher Education will be invaluable to professionals, academics and students seeking theoretical frameworks in applied linguistics for TCFL.
Teaching and Researching Chinese EFL/ESL Learners in Higher Education (China Perspectives)
by Zhongshe LuChina has attached great importance to teaching students to become proficient users of English. Yet, despite a plethora of studies and practice on Chinese ESL/EFL (English as a second/foreign language) learners, the large student population, its complicated composition and the complex nature of second and foreign language learning have rendered it difficult to offer a panoramic view on ESL/EFL teaching and learning of Chinese learners. This book provides a new and up-to-date perspective on the teaching and learning of Chinese ESL/EFL learners. The book collects 15 case studies, falling into two parts—Curriculum Development and Teaching Practice and Skills-Based Research. The collected studies deploy qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods to explore patterns, features, developments and causes and effects of a variety of issues in the sphere of ESL/EFL teaching and learning. Moreover, the cases offer insights that are relevant beyond the mainland Chinese context such as Hong Kong, Macau, Britain and Australia. Students and scholars of TESOL and applied linguistics will be interested in this title.
Make Your Point!: Debate For Esl/efl Students
by Michael H. LubetskyThis valuable workbook and downloadable audio can turn any ESL student into an accomplished debater! Make Your Point! opens the world of formal debate to the English learner. Debate fundamentals are taught form the first chapter in a student-centered format suitable for large and small classes alike. Each of the ten chapters offers a "language focus" and a "debatable focus. " As students learn new debate skills, they also build important language skills. All task chains integrate speaking, listening, reading and writing activities. Most activities are intended for pairs and small groups. Neither the learners nor the teacher needs any prior debate experience to use this text successfully. This debate course promotes other forms of oral communication—such as discussion, recitation and speech-making—as well as more general activities, such as summarizing and taking notes.
The Chinese Language in European Texts
by Dinu LucaThis detailed, chronological study investigates the rise of the European fascination with the Chinese language up to 1615. By meticulously investigating a wide range of primary sources, Dinu Luca identifies a rhetorical continuum uniting the land of the Seres, Cathay, and China in a tropology of silence, vision, and writing. Tracing the contours of this tropology, The Chinese Language in European Texts: The Early Period offers close readings of language-related contexts in works by classical authors, medieval travelers, and Renaissance cosmographers, as well as various merchants, wanderers, and missionaries, both notable and lesser-known. What emerges is a clear and comprehensive understanding of early European ideas about the Chinese language and writing system.
Teacher Preparation for Linguistically Diverse Classrooms: A Resource for Teacher Educators
by Tamara LucasTeacher educators today need knowledge and practical ideas about how to prepare all pre-service and in-service teachers (not just bilingual or ESL specialists) to teach the growing number of students in K-12 classrooms in the United States who speak native languages other than English. This book is at the forefront in focusing exclusively on the preparation of mainstream classroom teachers for this population of students. Part one provides the conceptual and contextual framework for the book, including a comprehensive discussion of relevant demographic trends and an analysis of national and state policies. Part two presents examples of initiatives in different institutional and geographic settings, highlighting three essential elements of teacher preparation: curriculum content, program design, and program coherence. Meeting a pressing need among teacher educators left to figure out, largely by trial and error, how best to prepare non-specialist classroom teachers to work with ELLs, this book both contributes to the research base and provides practical information to help readers envision possibilities they can apply in their own settings.
The Handbook of TESOL in K-12 (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics)
by Luciana C. de OliveiraThe first handbook to explore the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages in elementary and secondary education (K-12) The number of students being educated in English has grown significantly in modern times — globalization, immigration, and evolving educational policies have prompted an increased need for English language learner (ELL) education. The Handbook of TESOL in K-12 combines contemporary research and current practices to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins, evolution, and future direction of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages at the elementary and secondary levels (K-12). Exploring the latest disciplinary and interdisciplinary issues in the field, this is a first-of-its-kind Handbook and contributions are offered from a team of internationally-renowned scholars. Comprehensive in scope, this essential Handbook covers topics ranging from bilingual language development and technology-enhanced language learning, to ESOL preparation methods for specialist and mainstream teachers and school administrators. Three sections organize the content to cover Key Issues in Teaching ESOL students in K-12, Pedagogical Issues and Practices in TESOL in K-12 Education, and School Personnel Preparation for TESOL in K-12. Satisfies a need for inclusive and in-depth research on TESOL in K-12 classrooms Presents a timely and interesting selection of topics that are highly relevant to working teachers and support staff Applies state-of-the-art research to real-world TESOL classroom settings Offers a balanced assessment of diverse theoretical foundations, concepts, and findings The Handbook of TESOL in K-12 is an indispensable resource for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and scholars, and educators in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages in elementary and secondary education.
L2 Writing in Secondary Classrooms: Student Experiences, Academic Issues, and Teacher Education (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Luciana C. de Oliveira Tony SilvaSecond language writers and the teaching of writing at the secondary level have received little attention compared with other skills such as reading. Addressing this gap, this volume uniquely looks at both adolescent L2 writing and the preparation of secondary teachers to work with this population of students. Part I, on adolescent L2 writers, includes case studies looking at their literacy identities, their trajectories in mainstream content area classes, and their transition from high school to college. Part II looks at academic issues. The focus in Part III is L2 writing teacher education. Taking a theoretically eclectic approach that can support a variety of pedagogies, this book contributes significantly to understanding adolescent second language writers and to educating teachers to address these students’ specific needs.
Teaching Science to English Language Learners
by Luciana C. de Oliveira Kristen Campbell WilcoxThis edited collection explores how science can be taught to English language learners (ELLs) in 21st century classrooms. The authors focus on the ways in which pre-service and in-service science teachers have developed--or may develop--instructional effectiveness for working with ELLs in the secondary classroom. Chapter topics are grounded in both research and practice, addressing a range of timely topics including the current state of ELL education in the secondary science classroom, approaches to leveraging the talents and strengths of bilingual students in heterogeneous classrooms, best practices in teaching science to multilingual students, and ways to infuse the secondary science teacher preparation curriculum with ELL pedagogy. This book will appeal to an audience beyond secondary content area teachers and teacher educators to all teachers of ELLs, teacher educators and researchers of language acquisition more broadly.
Los castellanos del Perú: historia, variación y contacto lingüístico (Routledge Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics)
by Luis Andrade Ciudad y Sandro Sessarego, eds.Este libro reúne contribuciones de destacados investigadores de la lingüística hispánica para ofrecer un panorama integral de los castellanos del Perú, incluidos algunos que han sido tradicionalmente objeto de discriminación, como el castellano andino, el amazónico y el afroperuano. Los capítulos se concentran en diferentes variedades habladas en el Perú desde distintos enfoques teóricos y metodológicos, atendiendo a su formación, su contexto social e histórico y los fenómenos de contacto que las caracterizan. De este modo, aunque el volumen tiene un foco regional muy específico, los problemas que aborda son de interés y relevancia para el estudio de otras variedades del español, para el tratamiento de otros problemas derivados del contacto lingüístico y para la dialectología e historia de los castellanos latinoamericanos en general. Escrito en castellano, este volumen será de interés para estudiantes graduados en lingüística hispánica e investigadores dedicados a la dialectología, la sociolingüística y la lingüística del contacto.
Classroom Interactions as Cross-Cultural Encounters: Native Speakers in EFL Lessons (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional Series)
by Jasmine C. Luk Angel M. LinClassroom Interactions as Cross-Cultural Encounters is about native English speakers teaching English as a global language in non-English speaking countries. Through analysis of naturally occurring dialogic encounters, the authors examine the multifaceted ways in which teachers and students utilize diverse communicative resources to construct, display, and negotiate their identities as teachers, learners, and language users, with different pedagogic, institutional, social, and political implications. A range of issues in applied linguistics is addressed, including linguistic imperialism, post-colonial theories, micropolitics of classroom interaction, language and identity, and bilingual classroom practices. Intended to help TESOL professionals of different cultural backgrounds, working in different sociocultural contexts, to critically understand how non-assimilationist, dialogic intercultultural communication with students can be achieved and built on for mutual cultural and linguistic enrichment and empowerment, this book:*emphasizes the sociocultural meanings and micropolitics of classroom interactions that reveal the complex realities of power and identity negotiations in cross-cultural interactions in ELT (English Language Teaching) classroom contexts;*revisits and reconstitutes the notion of native-speakerness and repositions the roles of native and non-native English teachers in the TESOL profession in the contexts of decolonization and globalization; *highlights the need to mobilize intercultural communicative resources for global communication;*addresses two major concerns of EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classroom researchers and teachers: student resistance and learning motivation; and*examines and analyzes the changing ideologies (both explicit and implicit) of teachers and students about English learning in the context of a post-colonial society, and how these ideologies are being enacted, reproduced, but also sometimes contested in EFL classroom interactions. Each chapter includes Questions for Reflection and Discussion to promote critical thinking and understanding of the issues discussed. Tuning-In discussion questions are provided in the three chapters on classroom data analysis to activate readers interpretive schemas before they examine the actual classroom episodes. The data are from an ethnographic study in post-colonial Hong Kong secondary schools involving four native English-speaker teachers and two bilingual Cantonese-English speaking teachers engaged in intercultural classroom dialogues with their Cantonese Hong Kong students. The rich, naturally occurring classroom data and in-depth analyses provide useful pedagogical materials for courses in EFL teacher education programs on classroom discourse analysis from sociocultural perspectives.
The Everything Spanish Phrase Book (The Everything®)
by Cari LunaWith the increase in travel to Spanish-speaking countries as well as the rise in the Latino population in the United States, a growing number of people are in need of a quick reference to help them communicate. Sadly, most Spanish reference books contain outdated phrases organized in a manner that make it difficult to find the right words for the right situation. The Everything Spanish Phrase Book remedies these shortcomings with a practical, real-world approach to language learning that is both quick and easy to use.From ordering dinner and asking for directions to working and communicating in Latino communities, this handy guide provides readers with all they need as ellos hablan español in any setting.Organized by situation, The Everything Spanish Phrase Book contains the right words for:Traveling and making reservationsDining and shoppingSpeaking Spanish in a business settingWorking with the Latino communityFully indexed and complete with a pronunciation guide and helpful dictionaries, The Everything Spanish Phrase Book is the ideal resource for business or pleasure.
Danish: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Comprehensive Grammars)
by Tom Lundskaer-Nielsen Philip HolmesDanish: A Comprehensive Grammar presents a fresh and accessible description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Danish. The volume is organized to promote a thorough understanding of Danish grammar. It offers a stimulating analysis of the complexities of the language, and provides full and clear explanations. This edition has been fully updated to reflect changes in grammar, cultural changes and the impact of modern technology. All sections have been systematically revised, and a new section on phrases and an up-to-the-moment account of the use of the comma have been added. The examples and grammar explanations have been improved throughout. Features include: a wealth of examples from present-day Danish particular attention to areas of confusion and difficulty Danish-English parallels highlighted throughout the book an extensive index and clear paragraph numbering for easy navigation cross-references in all parts of the book. Danish: A Comprehensive Grammar is the most comprehensive and detailed Danish grammar available in English and is an essential reference source for the learner and user of Danish at all levels. It is ideal for use in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types.
Antología de escritoras españolas de la Edad Media y el Siglo de Oro
by Luzmila Camacho Platero; Javier Muñoz-BasolsAntología de escritoras españolas de la Edad Media y el Siglo de Oro ofrece una selección de obras literarias de ocho escritoras medievales, renacentistas y barrocas. Cada capítulo presenta una extensa introducción sobre la autora y su obra. Esta antología contribuye a mejorar el conocimiento de los estudiantes sobre la lengua, la literatura y la cultura españolas, al igual que ofrece una lectura desde la perspectiva de género de estas escritoras. Acompañada de textos originales modernizados al castellano actual, notas aclaratorias, actividades y una extensa y actualizada bibliografía, Antología de escritoras españolas de la Edad Media y el Siglo de Oro muestra la evolución de voces femeninas a lo largo de estos siglos. Las actividades sugeridas para cada capítulo ayudan a exponer y a reflexionar sobre la relevancia cultural que en la actualidad tienen los argumentos que estas mujeres proponent en sus trabajos. Esta antología será de gran utilidad para estudiantes de literatura y cultura españolas de niveles de grado y graduado e, igualmente, para los estudiantes hispanohablantes de literature comparada y de estudios de género.
The Multilingual Self: An Inquiry Into Language Learning
by Natasha LvovichThis book relates the author's stories about how languages have integrated her being, and defined and formed her sense of self. The idea of writing autobiographical stories of her multilingual life came from her long-term commitment to foreign language teaching and from a recent, extremely rich and valuable experience teaching English to immigrants in the U.S. While reading and studying various aspects of second-language-related-theory -- linguistics, psychology, anthropology, and sociolinguistics literature -- the author realized how estranged language learners are from all the research, speculations, hypotheses, and achievements of scholarship. A Russian immigrant, the author tells stories to her ESL students to help them understand why and at what price successful language acquisition and acculturation is realistic. Not only can students learn from her stories which encourage discoveries about their own behaviors or problems, but they might want to respond and tell about their own struggles with a foreign language. By becoming writers and interpreters of her text and by making it their own, students can construct their own virtual texts. The stories told throughout are those of a language learner, who is also a linguist and language teacher. As such, they can bridge the gap between second language research and practical teaching and learning. Moreover, this book can help initiate language learners along with their teachers into scholarship. Second language teachers and graduate students preparing for a teaching career might see this book as an illustration and validation of the studied theory and an inner voice of their students at the same time. Multidisciplinary by nature, it can also be used in several college courses such as cultural anthropology, anthropo- and socio-linguistics, sociology, multicultural education, ethnography, bilingualism, and the study of immigrant experience. There are numerous applications of the book in the educational field at various levels of adult learning programs which might be determined by the objectives and by the instructor's vision of it in the curriculum. It is also intended as a message to the general public and to all thinking individuals in search of identity. It will popularize the idea of the importance of foreign language learning, language education, linguistic literacy, and metalinguistic awareness, of illuminating self-discovery through the treasure of multilingual experience, capable of giving birth to a new, sophisticated, spiritually complex and enriched multicultural identity.
Pocket Burmese Dictionary
by Nyi Nyi Lwin Nolan StephenThis is a pocket sized Burmese DictionaryIntended for use by tourists, students, and business people travelling to Myanmar Pocket Burmese Dictionary is an essential tool for communicating in Burmese. A great way to learn Burmese, it features all the essential Burmese vocabulary appropriate for beginning to intermediate students. It's handy pocket format and easy-to read type will make any future trip to Myanmar much easier. In addition to being an excellent English to Burmese dictionary and Burmese to English dictionary Pocket Burmese Dictionary contains important notes on the Burmese language, Burmese grammar, and Burmese pronunciation. All Burmese word are written in Romanized form as well as authentic Burmese script (mranma akkha.ra) so that in the case of difficulties the book can simply be shown to the person the user is trying to communicate with.This dictionary contains: The 3,000 most commonly used words in the Burmese language. Burmese-English and English-Burmese sections. An introduction to the Burmese language. Romanized Burmese and Burmese script (i>mranma akkha.ra). Information on Burmese grammar. Information on pronouncing Burmese.Other books from this bestselling series you might enjoy include: Pocket Vietnamese Dictionary, Pocket Cambodian Dictionary, Pocket Thai Dictionary, and Pocket Malay Dictionary.
Aprende inglés en familia: Todo lo que necesitas para ayudar a tu hijo a ser bilingüe
by Deanna Lyles¿Has pensado cuánto te gustaría poder hablar inglés con soltura? ¿Y ayudar a que tus hijos lo aprendan de pequeños como tú no pudiste hacerlo? Aprende inglés en familia tiene todo lo que necesitas para conseguir ambos objetivos de forma fácil y divertida. Que dos padres no nativos críen un hijo bilingüe es mucho más fácil de lo que parece, y este libro te proporcionará todo lo que necesitas para llevarlo a cabo. Tras un repaso básico sobre el bilingüismo y cómo se aplica a los niños, aquí encontrarás cientos de palabras y expresiones de la vida diaria, además de un sinfín de trucos y consejos que te enseñarán cómo lograr que tus hijos sean bilingües gracias a las canciones, los juegos, los cuentos, el vocabulario y las expresiones que forman parte de la cultura infantil anglosajona desde hace generaciones. También descubrirás cómo desarrollar un plan de bilingüismo específicamente diseñado para tu familia, para que podáis dar pasos firmes hacia vuestro objetivo. ¿Por qué no empezar a mejorar el inglés de toda la familia hoy mismo?