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A Corpus-based Contrastive Study of the Appraisal Systems in English and Chinese Scientific Research Articles (China Perspectives)
by Xu Yuchen Yan Xuan Su Rui Kou YingAppraisal is the way language users express their attitude towards things, people, behaviour or ideas. In the last few decades, significant achievements have been made in Appraisal Theory research, yet little attention has been paid to appraisal in scientific texts, especially in relation to the contrast to how it is applied in English and Chinese. This title examines the similarities and differences of Appraisal systems in English and Chinese scientific research articles. Using a self-constructed corpus of scientific research articles, the authors make cross-linguistic comparisons in terms of the quantity and distribution patterns of categories of appraisals. They creatively categorise articles into theoretical scientific research articles and applied studies and discover that for both languages, each genre can have its own favorite mode of distribution for the realization of appraisal systems. In addition, this research helps appraisal theory systems to become more explicit, specific, and more applicable for the analysis of scientific research articles. Students and scholars of applied linguistics, comparative linguistics and corpus linguistics will find this an essential reference.
Practical Grammar of Modern Chinese IV: Simple Sentence, Compound Sentence, and Discourse (Chinese Linguistics)
by Liu Yuehua Pan Wenyu Gu WeiChinese grammar is characterized by its simple structure, lack of inflections, and wide use of monosyllabic morphemes. With the increased popularity of learning Chinese as a second language, there is a demand for a guide to Chinese grammar that's targeted at second language learners. This four-volume set is one of the earliest and most influential works of Chinese grammar, with a special focus on teaching and learning Chinese as a second language. Drawing on rich teaching experience, the authors analyze a myriad of real-world examples to describe Chinese grammatical phenomena and rules while introducing the general grammar system of Chinese. This volume introduces several simple sentence and compound sentence structures of modern Chinese grammar. In addition, the authors examine discourse and other larger units of sentences in use. Since the first edition came out in 1983, this set has been revised twice and remained one of the best sellers in the field. Practitioners and scholars of teaching Chinese as a second language, as well as students with a basic knowledge of Chinese, will find it to be a handy reference.
Transforming Schools for English Learners: A Comprehensive Framework for School Leaders
by Debbie ZacarianPosition your school to successfully teach English learners Could your school be more effective at instructing its English learners? Whether you are just beginning to work with an emergent population or need to improve your program, this book provides a comprehensive framework for improving ELs’ academic performance and school engagement through visionary planning of EL education programming. The author addresses such critical topics as: Selecting the appropriate program model for your school Creating effective student course schedules for language development and content Making data-driven decisions using effective measures of student performance learning Effectively using Response to Intervention (RTI)
Transforming Schools for Multilingual Learners: A Comprehensive Guide for Educators
by Debbie ZacarianEssential principles, practices, and structures for multilingual learners Much has changed in the ten years since this book was first published. A celebrated triumph, it provided state, district, school, and teacher leaders with a comprehensive guide to support multilingual learners to reach their full potential. From selecting the appropriate program model to partnering with families and infusing federal and state laws governing the education of multilingual learners and the rights of their families into all we do, the key messages that made the first edition of this book a renowned success have been re-examined in the second edition with a robust lens to meet these demanding times. This second edition supports educators to design and enact policies, practices, and structures for multilingual learners (MLs) to feel a sense of safety, belonging, value, and competence. Topics explored in the book include: a discussion of the changes to federal and state policies and their impact on MLs and their families strategies to move from a deficit- to an asset-based approach that values multilingualism nine principles to design and deliver high-quality lessons in multiple languages and across disciplines practices to identify and support MLs with learning differences and disabilitiessteps for building long-lasting family-school partnerships Reflecting changing trends in leadership, this new edition supports superintendents, principals, curriculum supervisors, coaches, mentors, teachers, and other stakeholders in their collaborative efforts to create and sustain successful language assistance programs.
Transforming Schools for Multilingual Learners: A Comprehensive Guide for Educators
by Debbie ZacarianEssential principles, practices, and structures for multilingual learners Much has changed in the ten years since this book was first published. A celebrated triumph, it provided state, district, school, and teacher leaders with a comprehensive guide to support multilingual learners to reach their full potential. From selecting the appropriate program model to partnering with families and infusing federal and state laws governing the education of multilingual learners and the rights of their families into all we do, the key messages that made the first edition of this book a renowned success have been re-examined in the second edition with a robust lens to meet these demanding times. This second edition supports educators to design and enact policies, practices, and structures for multilingual learners (MLs) to feel a sense of safety, belonging, value, and competence. Topics explored in the book include: a discussion of the changes to federal and state policies and their impact on MLs and their families strategies to move from a deficit- to an asset-based approach that values multilingualism nine principles to design and deliver high-quality lessons in multiple languages and across disciplines practices to identify and support MLs with learning differences and disabilitiessteps for building long-lasting family-school partnerships Reflecting changing trends in leadership, this new edition supports superintendents, principals, curriculum supervisors, coaches, mentors, teachers, and other stakeholders in their collaborative efforts to create and sustain successful language assistance programs.
The Essential Guide for Educating Beginning English Learners
by Debbie Zacarian Judie HaynesPut all English learners on the path to success—right from the start! As more beginning ELs enroll in schools every year, educators need a realistic framework for addressing the varied needs of this growing population. In this practical resource, the authors provide templates, tools, and vignettes illustrating real-world challenges to help teachers and administrators: Learn strategies for teaching beginning level ELs across the curriculum Create a welcoming environment for students and families Reach out to students from both literacy and non-literacy-oriented homes Design programs that meet the needs of beginning ELs and students with limited or interrupted formal education (SLIFE)
Responsive Schooling for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students
by Debbie Zacarian Ivannia SotoA strengths-based approach to making sure what we teach is central to who we teach. Rapidly changing and diverse student populations necessitate culturally responsive schooling. It can be a challenging balancing act for educators to respect diversity and teach to each student’s needs while adhering to restrictive curricula that mandate the use of standard English. Responsive Schooling for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students offers a balanced approach to developing students’ academic language proficiency while simultaneously honoring, acknowledging, and valuing the richness of their home and community languages and cultures. Debbie Zacarian and Ivannia Soto provide a practical framework within which schools and educators can make students’ personal, cultural, and social identities central to the curriculum by drawing on the experiences and interests they bring to the classroom. Filled with examples of responsive teaching and opportunities to reflect on current practice, the book is a rich resource for teachers and school leaders alike.
Orthographic Traditions and the Sub-elite in the Roman Empire (Cambridge Classical Studies)
by Nicholas ZairThis book makes use of digital corpora to give in-depth details of the history and development of the spelling of Latin. It focusses on sub-elite texts in the Roman empire, and reveals that sophisticated education in this area was not restricted to those at the top of society. Nicholas Zair studies the history of particular orthographic features and traces their usage in a range of texts which give insight into everyday writers of Latin: including scribes and soldiers at Vindolanda, slaves at Pompeii, members of the Praetorian Guard, and writers of curse tablets. In doing so, he problematises the use of 'old-fashioned' spelling in dating inscriptions, provides important new information on sound-change in Latin, and shows how much can be gained from a detailed sociolinguistic analysis of ancient texts.
Bilingual Community Education and Multilingualism
by Zeena Zakharia Ofelia GarcíaThis book explores bilingual community education, specifically the educational spaces shaped and organized by American ethnolinguistic communities for their children in the multilingual city of New York. Employing a rich variety of case studies which highlight the importance of the ethnolinguistic community in bilingual education, this collection examines the various structures that these communities use to educate their children as bilingual Americans. In doing so, it highlights the efforts and activism of these communities and what bilingual community education really means in today's globalized world. The volume offers new understandings of heritage language education, bilingual education, and speech communities for bilingual Americans in the 21st century.
Lasai, ez da ezer gertatzen
by Ana Malagon ZalduaBakardadearen mapa moduko bat da liburu hau, Iban Zalduak hitzaurrean dioenez. Frustrazioaren koordenadak erakusten dizkigu bere orrietan, insatisfazioaren eta inkomunikazioaren kartografia. 162 mikroipuin idatzi ditu egileak, inoiz orria gainditu gabe, eta neurri murritz horretan unibertso pertsonal bat eraiki du: hiritarra, gaurkoa, gure egunerokotasunari ironiazko begirada bat eskaintzen diona. Haurtzaroa ageri da kontakizunotan, ez idealizatua baizik porrot txikiz osatua; heriotza ez tragikoa baizik eta ia etxekoa, misteriotsu baina aldi berean irrigarria; maitasun ez poz betezko baizik ahitua, askotan jaio orduko usteldua. Idazkera sobrio eta zehatza darabil Malagonek, apaingarriei eta enfasiei ihes egiten diena, eta ?bistan denez? luzamendutan galtzen ez dena.
Filipino: An Essential Grammar (Routledge Essential Grammars)
by Maria Sheila ZamarFilipino: An Essential Grammar is a comprehensive and practical reference guide introducing the key grammatical forms and structures in the Filipino language. This book offers a detailed exploration of key phonological, morphological, and syntactic features of Filipino that are essential to achieving high levels of proficiency in the language. Across 14 chapters are concise explanations of important grammatical categories and linguistic features relevant in the description of Philippine languages, complemented by examples relevant for everyday conversations and easy-to-understand rules for navigating Filipino grammar. Taking into consideration the most salient grammatical aspects that need to be presented by teachers and mastered by learners of Filipino, this is the ideal reference grammar for researchers, teachers, and learners of the Filipino language. This book is designed for both independent and class-based studies by learners of Filipino at all levels.
Adult ESL/Literacy From the Community to the Community: A Guidebook for Participatory Literacy Training
by Ana Zambrano Elsa Auerbach Byron Barahona Julio Midy Felipe VaqueranoAdult ESL/Literacy from the Community to the Community: A Guidebook for Participatory Literacy Training tells the story of a university-community collaboration to develop, implement, and evaluate a project designed to train immigrants and refugees as adult ESL and native literacy instructors in their own communities. Beyond the story of this one project, the book is also a clear and powerful explication of the underlying principles and premises of the program model it describes: community leadership development, a participatory approach to literacy instruction and instructor training, native language adult literacy instruction, and collaboration.
Crossing the Curriculum: Multilingual Learners in College Classrooms
by Vivian Zamel Ruth SpackAs college classrooms have become more linguistically diverse, the work of ESOL professionals has expanded to include research on the experiences of multilingual learners not only in ESOL courses but also in courses across the curriculum. At the same time that ESOL professionals are trying to understand the academic challenges that learners face beyond ESOL courses, faculty across the disciplines are trying to meet the challenge of teaching students of differing linguistic backgrounds. Crossing the Curriculum: Multilingual Learners in College Classrooms responds to these issues and concerns by capturing the complex and content-specific nature of students' and teachers' experiences and providing a nuanced understanding of how multilingual students' learning can be fostered and sustained. Crossing the Curriculum: Multilingual Learners in College Classrooms is unique in bringing together the perspectives of researchers, students, and teachers. These multiple lenses allow for a richly layered picture of how students and teachers actually experience college classrooms. Common themes and pedagogical principles resonate across the three distinct sections of the book:*Part One, "Investigating Students' Experiences Across the Curriculum: Through the Eyes of Classroom Researchers," consists of chapters written by ESOL and composition researchers who have investigated multilingual students' experiences in undergraduate courses across the curriculum.*Part Two, "Learning Across the Curriculum: Through Students' Eyes," consists of chapters written by two multilingual learners who chronicled their experiences as they crossed the curriculum over time.*Part Three, "Engaging Students in Learning: Through the Eyes of Faculty Across the Curriculum," consists of chapters written by faculty from several academic fields--Anthropology, Philosophy, Nursing, Literature, Sociology, and Asian American Studies--who discuss their own attempts to address the needs of multilingual learners in their classrooms.
Enriching Esol Pedagogy: Readings and Activities for Engagement, Reflection, and Inquiry
by Vivian Zamel Ruth SpackEnriching ESOL Pedagogy: Readings and Activities for Engagement, Reflection, and Inquiry is a collection of thought-provoking articles and activities designed to engage practicing and prospective ESOL teachers in an ongoing process of reflecting on, critically examining, and investigating theory and practice. Its twofold purpose is to provide a theoretical perspective and to offer ways for making the teaching of English to speakers of other languages (ESOL) meaningful for both teachers and learners. Underlying the activities and the readings themselves is the assumption that teachers need to play a role in exploring, shaping, and theorizing the work they do. The readings included represent a range of genres. They are informed by a common philosophical perspective about language acquisition and treat language teaching and learning holistically. The book is organized into five integrated units that: * raise questions about conventional notions of methods; * take into account the complicated nature of real classrooms; * provide theoretical principles for teaching that promotes language acquisition; * include rich descriptions of actual classroom experiences; and * question assumptions about language and literacy. Each set of readings begin with a "Before Reading" section and is followed by "Reflecting on the Readings," "Reading for Further Reflection," and "Suggested Projects for Inquiry" sections. This volume is a valuable resource for practicing and prospective teachers in the field of TESOL who work with diverse student populations--at all levels--in both mainstream and ESL/bilingual settings.
South Picene (Routledge World Languages)
by Raoul ZamponiSouth Picene is the pre-Roman language spoken in the Adriatic sector of central Italy. This book presents a description of what we know about the structure of this language. South Picene is (together with Umbrian, Oscan, Latin, and Faliscan) one of the few members of the Italic branch of the Indo-European family and is also one of the European languages with the oldest existing texts (550 BCE). Besides a grammatical outline of the language, the book contains the linguistic (and often stylistic) analysis of all the 21 inscriptions that compose the South Picene epigraphic corpus and a word list. South Picene will be of interest to students and scholars of Indo-European languages, Italic languages, and in general, ancient languages of the Italian peninsula.
Learning by Design and Second Language Teaching: Theory, Research, and Practice
by Gabriela C. ZapataLearning by Design and Second Language Teaching establishes theoretical, research, and practice connections between the multiliteracies framework Learning by Design and L2 teaching and learning. A comprehensive introductory chapter presents the theoretical tenets of the approach and is followed by four chapters devoted to the establishment of connections between the framework and L2 instruction, information on evidence-based pedagogical practices and suggestions for their implementation, and task examples that can be adapted for use in a variety of educational contexts. Each chapter links theory and research to practical steps instructors can take to select authentic materials and create tasks in each of the framework’s knowledge processes with the objective of developing L2 students’ performance in the interpersonal (speaking), interpretive (reading and listening), and presentational (writing) modes of communication. A selection of guidance charts, figures, templates, and extra digital resources are included within the text to support learning and teaching. The book will be of interest to graduate students and in-service and future L2 teachers in all levels of instruction. Chapter 1, Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com.
Multiliteracies in International Educational Contexts: Towards Education Justice (Multiliteracies and Second Language Education)
by Gabriela C. Zapata Mary Kalantzis Bill CopeMultiliteracies in International Educational Contexts: Towards Education Justice examines how multiliteracies and Learning by Design have been taken up across international second-language instructional contexts, with a focus on inclusive practices and social justice. This edited collection brings together a team of international contributors to offer a global perspective on the application of multiliteracies in L2 education. Through the analysis of classroom-based qualitative and quantitative data on different aspects of the multiliteracies pedagogy, the book shows how the multiliteracies pedagogy can facilitate more inclusive practices while providing suggestions for pedagogical interventions and future research. This book will be a key resource for language educators, researchers, and practitioners interested in the multiliteracies pedagogy, as well as those interested in critical and social justice approaches to language teaching.
Linguistic Response to the Taboo of Death in Egyptian Arabic
by Magdalena ZawrotnaThe work presents a study of the linguistic and pragmatic response to the taboo of death in Egypt. The analysis leads the author to the conclusion that the experience of death in Egyptian society is mediated by religion. The reaction to death announcements includes a number of strategies to protect both the author of the utterance and its recipient against the effects of the taboo related to this topic. The most important feature of the studied communication is formulaicity, which is at the same time the central idea and the methodological frame of the work presented here.The discourse analyzed here fits within the Arab-Muslim rhetorical framework. In the daily utterances of the Egyptians, divine agency is believed to be constantly present, which is attested in numerous ritual practices. As part of the quantitative study and the structural analysis of the material, a pattern was distinguished in which individual types of formulas occur in their fixed places and a specific order. Qualitatively, many of the statements in the material are strongly emotional. To enhance the pragmatic effect, phrases are combined with each other, repetitions, prayers, poetic attempts and quotes from the Quran/ Hadith appear. Most of the phrases used in response to the taboo of death are prefabricated items recalled from memory almost automatically. Further analysis proposes to look at the formulae in the context of taboo and strong emotions related to it. Using formulaic sequence instead of generating novel language enables. the author of the utterance to convey emotional support to the suffering person and, at the same time, eliminates ambiguity. The methodology proposed here offers a new insight into the language of everyday communication, through the lens of its pragmatic usefulness and linguistic etiquette, taking into account the cultural framework in which the analyzed utterances are performed.
A Guide to English-Russian and Russian-English Non-literary Translation
by Alexandr ZaytsevLying at the intersection of translatology, cognitive science and linguistics, this brief provides a comprehensive framework for studying, investigating and teaching English-Russian/Russian-English non-literary translation. It provides a holistic perspective on the process of non-literary translation, illustrating each of its steps with carefully analyzed real-life examples. Readers will learn how to choose and process multidimensional attention units in original texts by activating different types of knowledge, as well as how to effectively devise target-language matches for them using various translation techniques. It is rounded out with handy and feasible recommendations on the structure and content of an undergraduate course in translation. The abundance of examples makes it suitable not only for use in the classroom, but also for independent study.
English Made Simple: A Complete, Step-by-Step Guide to Better Language Skills (Made Simple)
by Arthur Zeiger Arthur WaldhornFor almost four decades, Made Simple books have set the standard for continuing education and home study. In answer to the changing needs of today's marketplace, the Made Simple series for the '90s presents a thoroughly up-to-the-minute portfolio of skills, information, and experience, with revised and updated editions of bestselling titles, plus a whole range of new subjects from personal finance to office management to desktop publishing.
English Language Teacher Preparation in Asia: Policy, Research and Practice (Routledge Critical Studies in Asian Education)
by Subhan Zein Richmond StroupeBringing together a comprehensive range of extended research-based chapters, English Language Teacher Preparation in Asia provides comprehensive insight into policy, research, and practical aspects of teacher preparation for English teachers at pre-service level across multiple contexts in Asia. Written by local and international scholars specialising in TESOL Teacher education, and acknowledging the increasingly complex demands made on teachers of English in view of globalisation, the book explores the multiple factors which are key to effective professional learning. Chapters consider how pre-service teachers are best prepared for the diverse contexts in which English is learnt and taught in settings throughout Asia and draw on in-depth research studies to provide rich, fully contextualised coverage of aspects of teacher preparation including curriculum design, programme development, policy, professional learning communities, assessment education, and teaching practicum. A timely contribution to the field of teacher preparation, this text will be an invaluable resource for teacher educators, pre-service teachers and academics involved in the preparation of English teachers in Asia.
Writers at Work: The Essay
by Dorothy E. Zemach Lynn Stafford-YilmazThe Writers at Work series takes beginning to high intermediate-level writing students through a process approach to writing. The series is intended primarily for adults whose first language is not English, but it may also prove effective for younger writers or for native speakers of English who are developing their competence as independent writers in English.
Lexical Acquisition: Exploiting On-line Resources To Build A Lexicon
by Uri ZernikOn-line information -- and free text in particular -- has emerged as a major, yet unexploited, resource available in raw form. Available, but not accessible. The lexicon provides the major key for enabling accessibility to on-line text. The expert contributors to this book explore the range of possibilities for the generation of extensive lexicons. In so doing, they investigate the use of existing on-line dictionaries and thesauri, and explain how lexicons can be acquired from the corpus -- the text under investigation -- itself. Leading researchers in four related fields offer the latest investigations: computational linguists cover the natural language processing aspect; statisticians point out the issues involved in the use of massive data; experts discuss the limitations of current technology; and lexicographers share their experience in the design of the traditional dictionaries.
Chinese Language and Culture Education: Representation, Imagination and Ideology of China in Australian Schools (The Routledge Series on Chinese Language Education)
by Chunyan ZhangAgainst the background of the Australian government’s strategic plan to promote Asian languages in schools, this book is an innovative autoethnographic inquiry into what actually occurs in the implementation of a Chinese language and culture program in an Australian context.Drawing on eight years of socio-cultural and educational fieldwork in a primary school, Chunyan Zhang examines complex, fluid and heterogeneous daily teaching practices and the ways in which ideas of China are assembled, presented and performed. She asks the following questions: What is China? Where does Taiwan fit into the China depicted in a multicultural, globalised classroom? Can Chinese communism or Chairman Mao be avoided in teaching English-speaking learners? What kind of China is brought in here while what kind of China is being silenced and othered? Through the partial connection between method assemblage and Daoist concepts, Zhang develops a water-like pedagogy in teaching. She uses the knowledge flow model to examine the imbalanced knowledge flow within teacher-student interactions. From finding China as a hybrid assemblage to proposing China as method, Zhang’s investigation makes an important contribution to the sociology of Chinese language education.This book is an essential and rich content resource for primary and secondary teacher education and research, teacher candidates and educators in Chinese as a second language education.
Chinese as a Second Language Assessment (Chinese Language Learning Sciences)
by Dongbo Zhang Chin-Hsi LinThis book brings together 13 original research papers that address emerging issues in the assessment of Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) in five major areas, including standards in CSL assessment; development of CSL tests; assessment of diverse knowledge and skills; computer-supported assessment; and CSL assessment in relation to instruction and teachers' assessment competence. It goes beyond the psychometric testing of Chinese and provides cutting-edge examinations of the interfaces of assessment with sociology of language, acquisition, pedagogy, and modern technologies, as well as teacher education. Given its unique features and broad range of topics, the book offers an intriguing and valuable resource, not only for scholars and researchers but also teacher educators and assessment practitioners who are directly or indirectly involved in CSL assessment.