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Optimal Control Problems Arising in Forest Management (SpringerBriefs in Optimization)
by Alexander J. ZaslavskiThis book is devoted to the study of optimal control problems arising in forest management, an important and fascinating topic in mathematical economics studied by many researchers over the years. The volume studies the forest management problem by analyzing a class of optimal control problems that contains it and showing the existence of optimal solutions over infinite horizon. It also studies the structure of approximate solutions on finite intervals and their turnpike properties, as well as the stability of the turnpike phenomenon and the structure of approximate solutions on finite intervals in the regions close to the end points. The book is intended for mathematicians interested in the optimization theory, optimal control and their applications to the economic theory.
Optimal Impulsive Control: The Extension Approach (Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences #477)
by Fernando Lobo Pereira Dmitry Karamzin Aram ArutyunovOptimal Impulsive Control explores the class of impulsive dynamic optimization problems—problems that stem from the fact that many conventional optimal control problems do not have a solution in the classical setting—which is highly relevant with regard to engineering applications. The absence of a classical solution naturally invokes the so-called extension, or relaxation, of a problem, and leads to the notion of generalized solution which encompasses the notions of generalized control and trajectory; in this book several extensions of optimal control problems are considered within the framework of optimal impulsive control theory. In this framework, the feasible arcs are permitted to have jumps, while the conventional absolutely continuous trajectories may fail to exist. The authors draw together various types of their own results, centered on the necessary conditions of optimality in the form of Pontryagin’s maximum principle and the existence theorems, which shape a substantial body of optimal impulsive control theory. At the same time, they present optimal impulsive control theory in a unified framework, introducing the different paradigmatic problems in increasing order of complexity. The rationale underlying the book involves addressing extensions increasing in complexity from the simplest case provided by linear control systems and ending with the most general case of a totally nonlinear differential control system with state constraints.The mathematical models presented in Optimal Impulsive Control being encountered in various engineering applications, this book will be of interest to both academic researchers and practising engineers.
Optimierung: Einführung in mathematische Theorie und Methoden (Masterclass)
by Florian Jarre Josef StoerDieses Buch führt in die Theorie und Methoden der stetigen Optimierung ein und zeigt darüber hinaus einige Anwendungen aus der diskreten Optimierung: Als gängige Verfahren für lineare Programme werden die Simplex- und Innere-Punkte-Methode vorgestellt. Im Bereich der nichtrestringierten Optimierung werden neben deterministischen Abstiegsverfahren und Trust-Region-Verfahren auch stochastische Abstiegsverfahren analysiert, die etwa beim maschinellen Lernen zum Einsatz kommen. Nach einer detaillierten Betrachtung der Optimalitätsbedingungen für nichtlineare Optimierungsprobleme mit Nebenbedingungen folgt eine Analyse von Verfahren der erweiterten Lagrangefunktion und ADMM sowie von SQP-Verfahren. Der Hauptteil schließt mit einer Betrachtung von semidefiniten Programmen und deren Anwendungen. Für die zweite Auflage wurden zahlreiche Passagen überarbeitet und mehrere neue Abschnitte zu aktuellen Verfahren und Anwendungen ergänzt. Das Buch basiert auf einer zweisemestrigen Lehrveranstaltung der Autoren und enthält zahlreiche Übungsaufgaben. Es richtet sich an Leser, die Grundkenntnisse in Analysis, linearer Algebra und numerischer Mathematik mitbringen.
Optimierung von Versorgungsnetzen: Mathematische Modellierung und Lösungstechniken
by Lars Schewe Martin SchmidtWie funktioniert der deutsche Strommarkt? Wie bestimmt man die kostengünstigsten aber ausreichend großen Rohre für Wassernetze? Wie entscheidet man, ob bestimmte Mengen Erdgas durch ein Gasnetz transportiert werden können oder nicht? Dieses einführende Lehrbuch zeigt anhand konkreter Fragestellungen aus Strom-, Wasser-, Gas- und Verkehrsnetzen, mit welchen Begriffen und Techniken sich Transportvorgänge in solchen Versorgungsnetzen durch mathematische Modelle beschreiben lassen. Neben den technisch-physikalischen Modellen lernt der Leser Techniken zur Analyse typischer Märkte und Handelsmechanismen im Energiesektor kennen. Für beide Fälle werden die mathematischen Lösungsverfahren ausführlich diskutiert. Dazu werden unter anderem klassische Flusstheorie, Optimalitätsbedingungen, lineare Komplementaritätsprobleme und gemischt-ganzzahlige nichtlineare Optimierungsprobleme behandelt, so dass der Leser automatisch zentrale Tücken ganzzahliger und nichtlinearer Optimierungsprobleme kennenlernt und sich im Umgang mit diesen übt. Das Buch beinhaltet über 50 Übungsaufgaben sowie 5 Projektaufgaben, bei denen konkrete praktische Fragestellungen am Rechner gelöst werden sollen. Vorausgesetzt werden lediglich Vorkenntnisse aus den üblichen Grundvorlesungen der kontinuierlichen und linearen Optimierung (inklusive Dualität). Das Buch ist gut als Grundlage für eine Lehrveranstaltung im Umfang von 4 Semesterwochenstunden plus Übungen im Umfang von etwa 2 Semesterwochenstunden geeignet.
Optimization in Large Scale Problems: Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 Applications (Springer Optimization and Its Applications #152)
by Panos M. Pardalos Marzieh Khakifirooz Mahdi FathiThis volume provides resourceful thinking and insightful management solutions to the many challenges that decision makers face in their predictions, preparations, and implementations of the key elements that our societies and industries need to take as they move toward digitalization and smartness. The discussions within the book aim to uncover the sources of large-scale problems in socio-industrial dilemmas, and the theories that can support these challenges. How theories might also transition to real applications is another question that this book aims to uncover. In answer to the viewpoints expressed by several practitioners and academicians, this book aims to provide both a learning platform which spotlights open questions with related case studies. The relationship between Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 provides the basis for the expert contributions in this book, highlighting the uses of analytical methods such as mathematical optimization, heuristic methods, decomposition methods, stochastic optimization, and more. The book will prove useful to researchers, students, and engineers in different domains who encounter large scale optimization problems and will encourage them to undertake research in this timely and practical field. The book splits into two parts. The first part covers a general perspective and challenges in a smart society and in industry. The second part covers several case studies and solutions from the operations research perspective for large scale challenges specific to various industry and society related phenomena.
Oral History and Mathematics Education (History of Mathematics Education)
by Antonio Vicente Marafioti GarnicaThis book presents an innovative method to investigate the history of mathematics education using oral narratives to study different aspects related to the teaching and learning of mathematics. The application of oral history in mathematics education research was first developed as a method in Brazil in the early 2000s as a result of interdisciplinary dialogues between mathematics educators, anthropologists, sociologists, historians, psychologists, artists and philosophers. Since then, this new methodology has attracted the attention of a growing number of researchers. This contributed volume is the first book in English to bring together chapters written by different members of the research group who developed the methodology and to present a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of oral narratives in the study of experiences in mathematics classrooms. Oral History and Mathematics Education will be a useful tool to researchers and educators looking for new methods to study the dynamics of teaching and learning mathematics in the classroom and to develop innovative mathematics teacher education programs. The volume will also be of interest to historians of education since it describes the foundations of both concepts and procedures related to the application of oral history in educational research, always giving examples of studies already conducted and, whenever possible, suggesting possible research exercises.
Ordinary Differential Equations for Engineers: Problems with MATLAB Solutions
by Ali Ümit KeskinThis monograph presents teaching material in the field of differential equations while addressing applications and topics in electrical and biomedical engineering primarily. The book contains problems with varying levels of difficulty, including Matlab simulations. The target audience comprises advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as lecturers, but the book may also be beneficial for practicing engineers alike.
Orienteering Problems: Models and Algorithms for Vehicle Routing Problems with Profits (EURO Advanced Tutorials on Operational Research)
by Pieter Vansteenwegen Aldy GunawanThis tutorial introduces readers to several variants of routing problems with profits. In these routing problems each node has a certain profit, and not all nodes need to be visited. Since the orienteering problem (OP) is by far the most frequently studied problem in this category of routing problems, the book mainly focuses on the OP. In turn, other problems are presented as variants of the OP, focusing on the similarities and differences. The goal of the OP is to determine a subset of nodes to visit and in which order, so that the total collected profit is maximized and a given time budget is not exceeded.The book provides a comprehensive review of variants of the OP, such as the team OP, the team OP with time windows, the profitable tour problem, and the prize-collecting travelling salesperson problem. In addition, it presents mathematical models and techniques for solving these OP variants and discusses their complexity. Several simple examples and benchmark instances, together with their best-known results, are also included. Finally, the book reviews the latest applications of these problems in the fields of logistics, tourism and others.
Orlicz Spaces and Generalized Orlicz Spaces (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2236)
by Petteri Harjulehto Peter HästöThis book presents a systematic treatment of generalized Orlicz spaces (also known as Musielak–Orlicz spaces) with minimal assumptions on the generating Φ-function. It introduces and develops a technique centered on the use of equivalent Φ-functions. Results from classical functional analysis are presented in detail and new material is included on harmonic analysis. Extrapolation is used to prove, for example, the boundedness of Calderón–Zygmund operators. Finally, central results are provided for Sobolev spaces, including Poincaré and Sobolev–Poincaré inequalities in norm and modular forms. Primarily aimed at researchers and PhD students interested in Orlicz spaces or generalized Orlicz spaces, this book can be used as a basis for advanced graduate courses in analysis.
Oxford IB Diploma Programme Ib Mathematics: Applications And Interpretation, Standard Level
by Jane Forrest Nadia Stoyanova Kennedy Paula Waldman Suzanne Doering David Harris Jennifer Chang WathallFeaturing a wealth of digital content, this concept-based Print and Enhanced Online Course Book Pack has been developed in cooperation with the IB to provide the most comprehensive support for the new DP Mathematics: applications and interpretation SL syllabus, for first teaching in September 2019. Each Enhanced Online Course Book Pack is made up of one full-colour, print textbook and one online textbook - packed full of investigations, exercises, worksheets, worked solutions and answers, plus assessment preparation support.
Oxford Ib Diploma Programme Ib Mathematics: Analysis And Approaches, Standard Level, Print And Enhanced Online Course Book Pack
by Paul La Rondie Jennifer Chang Wathall Jill Stevens Natasha Awada Ellen Thompson Laurie Buchanan Ed KempFeaturing a wealth of digital content, this concept-based Print and Enhanced Online Course Book Pack has been developed in cooperation with the IB to provide the most comprehensive support for the new DP Mathematics: analysis and approaches SL syllabus, for first teaching in September 2019.
Pairwise Multiple Comparisons: Theory and Computation (SpringerBriefs in Statistics)
by Taka-aki Shiraishi Shin-ichi Matsuda Hiroshi SugiuraThis book focuses on all-pairwise multiple comparisons of means in multi-sample models, introducing closed testing procedures based on maximum absolute values of some two-sample t-test statistics and on F-test statistics in homoscedastic multi-sample models. It shows that (1) the multi-step procedures are more powerful than single-step procedures and the Ryan/Einot–Gabriel/Welsh tests, and (2) the confidence regions induced by the multi-step procedures are equivalent to simultaneous confidence intervals. Next, it describes the multi-step test procedure in heteroscedastic multi-sample models, which is superior to the single-step Games–Howell procedure. In the context of simple ordered restrictions of means, the authors also discuss closed testing procedures based on maximum values of two-sample one-sided t-test statistics and based on Bartholomew's statistics. Furthermore, the book presents distribution-free procedures and describes simulation studies performed under the null hypothesis and some alternative hypotheses. Although single-step multiple comparison procedures are generally used, the closed testing procedures described are more powerful than the single-step procedures. In order to execute the multiple comparison procedures, the upper 100α percentiles of the complicated distributions are required. Classical integral formulas such as Simpson's rule and the Gaussian rule have been used for the calculation of the integral transform that appears in statistical calculations. However, these formulas are not effective for the complicated distribution. As such, the authors introduce the sinc method, which is optimal in terms of accuracy and computational cost.
The Palgrave Handbook of Economic Performance Analysis
by Thijs Ten Raa William H. GreeneThis Handbook takes an econometric approach to the foundations of economic performance analysis. The focus is on the measurement of efficiency, productivity, growth and performance. These concepts are commonly measured residually and difficult to quantify in practice. In real-life applications, efficiency and productivity estimates are often quite sensitive to the models used in the performance assessment and the methodological approaches adopted by the analysis. The Palgrave Handbook of Performance Analysis discusses the two basic techniques of performance measurement – deterministic benchmarking and stochastic benchmarking – in detail, and addresses the statistical techniques that connect them. All chapters include applications and explore topics ranging from the output/input ratio to productivity indexes and national statistics.
Panel Data Econometrics: Common Factor Analysis for Empirical Researchers
by Donggyu SulIn the last 20 years, econometric theory on panel data has developed rapidly, particularly for analyzing common behaviors among individuals over time. Meanwhile, the statistical methods employed by applied researchers have not kept up-to-date. This book attempts to fill in this gap by teaching researchers how to use the latest panel estimation methods correctly. Almost all applied economics articles use panel data or panel regressions. However, many empirical results from typical panel data analyses are not correctly executed. This book aims to help applied researchers to run panel regressions correctly and avoid common mistakes. The book explains how to model cross-sectional dependence, how to estimate a few key common variables, and how to identify them. It also provides guidance on how to separate out the long-run relationship and common dynamic and idiosyncratic dynamic relationships from a set of panel data. Aimed at applied researchers who want to learn about panel data econometrics by running statistical software, this book provides clear guidance and is supported by a full range of online teaching and learning materials. It includes practice sections on MATLAB, STATA, and GAUSS throughout, along with short and simple econometric theories on basic panel regressions for those who are unfamiliar with econometric theory on traditional panel regressions.
Parabolic Wave Equations with Applications
by Michael D. Collins William L. SiegmannThis book introduces parabolic wave equations, their key methods of numerical solution, and applications in seismology and ocean acoustics. The parabolic equation method provides an appealing combination of accuracy and efficiency for many nonseparable wave propagation problems in geophysics. While the parabolic equation method was pioneered in the 1940s by Leontovich and Fock who applied it to radio wave propagation in the atmosphere, it thrived in the 1970s due to its usefulness in seismology and ocean acoustics. The book covers progress made following the parabolic equation’s ascendancy in geophysics. It begins with the necessary preliminaries on the elliptic wave equation and its analysis from which the parabolic wave equation is derived and introduced. Subsequently, the authors demonstrate the use of rational approximation techniques, the Padé solution in particular, to find numerical solutions to the energy-conserving parabolic equation, three-dimensional parabolic equations, and horizontal wave equations. The rest of the book demonstrates applications to seismology, ocean acoustics, and beyond, with coverage of elastic waves, sloping interfaces and boundaries, acousto-gravity waves, and waves in poro-elastic media. Overall, it will be of use to students and researchers in wave propagation, ocean acoustics, geophysical sciences and more.
Parallel Programming with Co-arrays (Chapman & Hall/CRC Computational Science)
by Robert NumrichParallel Programming with Co-Arrays describes the basic techniques used to design parallel algorithms for high-performance, scientific computing. It is intended for upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students who need to develop parallel codes with little or no previous introduction to parallel computing. It is also intended as a reference manual for researchers active in the field of scientific computing. All the algorithms in the book are based on partition operators. These operators provide a unifying principle that fits seemingly disparate techniques into an overall framework for algorithm design. The book uses the co-array programming model to illustrate how to write code for concrete examples, but it emphasizes that the important concepts for algorithm design are independent of the programming model. With these concepts in mind, the reader can write algorithms in different programming models based on personal taste and comfort.
Parameterized Complexity in the Polynomial Hierarchy: Extending Parameterized Complexity Theory to Higher Levels of the Hierarchy (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11880)
by Ronald de HaanParameterized Complexity in the Polynomial Hierarchy was co-recipient of the E.W. Beth Dissertation Prize 2017 for outstanding dissertations in the fields of logic, language, and information. This work extends the theory of parameterized complexity to higher levels of the Polynomial Hierarchy (PH). For problems at higher levels of the PH, a promising solving approach is to develop fixed-parameter tractable reductions to SAT, and to subsequently use a SAT solving algorithm to solve the problem. In this dissertation, a theoretical toolbox is developed that can be used to classify in which cases this is possible. The use of this toolbox is illustrated by applying it to analyze a wide range of problems from various areas of computer science and artificial intelligence.
Parkettierungen der Ebene: Von Escher Über Möbius Zu Penrose
by Ehrhard BehrendsZiel des Buches ist das Studium von Symmetrien und Parkettierungen, die Künstler und Mathematiker schon seit langer Zeit interessieren. Berühmte Beispiele sind die von den Arabern in der Alhambra geschaffenen Werke und die Bilder des holländischen Malers Maurits Escher. Die Mathematiker haben sich erst im 19. Jahrhundert des Themas intensiv angenommen. Dabei führt die Visualisierung der mathematischen Zusammenhänge zu sehr ansprechenden Bildern. Drei Ansätze werden in diesem Buch beschrieben. In Teil I wird dargestellt, dass es 17 prinzipiell verschiedene Möglichkeiten von Parkettierungen der Ebene gibt, die so genannten "Ebenen Kristallgruppen". Ergänzend dazu werden Ideen von Harald Heesch beschrieben, der zeigte, wie diese theoretischen Ergebnisse praktisch umgesetzt werden können: Er gab einen Katalog von 28 Verfahren an, die man selbst - sozusagen auf den Spuren von Escher - kreativ zur Schaffung künstlerisch anspruchsvoller Parkettierungen verwenden kann. Bei den entsprechenden Untersuchungen für die komplexe Ebene in Teil II werden Bewegungen durch bijektive holomorphe Abbildungen ersetzt. Das führt in die Theorie der Gruppen von Möbiustransformationen: Kleinsche Gruppen, Schottkygruppen usw. Dort gibt es auch interessante Verbindungen zur hyperbolischen Geometrie. Schließlich wird in Teil III noch ein dritter Aspekt des Themas behandelt, die Penroseparkettierungen. Dabei geht es um Ergebnisse aus den siebziger Jahren, als erstmals einfach zu beschreibende und beweisbar nichtperiodische Parkettierungen der Ebene angegeben wurden.
The Partial Regularity Theory of Caffarelli, Kohn, and Nirenberg and its Sharpness (Advances in Mathematical Fluid Mechanics)
by Wojciech S. OżańskiThis monograph focuses on the partial regularity theorem, as developed by Caffarelli, Kohn, and Nirenberg (CKN), and offers a proof of the upper bound on the Hausdorff dimension of the singular set of weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes inequality, while also providing a clear and insightful presentation of Scheffer’s constructions showing their bound cannot be improved. A short, complete, and self-contained proof of CKN is presented in the second chapter, allowing the remainder of the book to be fully dedicated to a topic of central importance: the sharpness result of Scheffer. Chapters three and four contain a highly readable proof of this result, featuring new improvements as well. Researchers in mathematical fluid mechanics, as well as those working in partial differential equations more generally, will find this monograph invaluable.
Patentism Replacing Capitalism: A Prediction from Logical Economics
by Samuel MengBased on economic knowledge and logical reasoning, this book proposes a solution to economic recessions and offers a route for societal change to end capitalism. The author starts with a brief review of the history of economics, and then questions and rejects the trend of recent decades that has seen econometrics replace economic theory. By reviewing the different schools of economic thought and by examining the limitations of existing theories to business cycles and economic growth, the author forms a new theory to explain cyclic economic growth. According to this theory, economic recessions result from innovation scarcity, which in turn results from the flawed design of the patent system. The author suggests a new design for the patent system and envisions that the new design would bring about large economic and societal changes. Under this new patent system, the synergy of the patent and capital markets would ensure that economic recessions could be avoided and that the economy would grow at the highest speed.
Pathways to Health (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by George B. Ploubidis Benedetta Pongiglione Bianca De Stavola Rhian Daniel Lenka Benova Emily Grundy Sanna ReadThis book presents a rigorous enquiry into life course processes that are thought to influence health, integrating the latest methodologies for the study of pathways that link socio-demographic circumstances to health with an emphasis on the mediating factors that lie on these pathways. Following an introductory chapter on the application of formal mediation methods within the life course framework, the book offers insights on the pathways that link early life socio-economic circumstances to physical activity in later life, the role of physical activity as a moderator and/or mediator of the association between fertility history and later life health and the evolution of self-rated health over the life course in two generations born 12 years apart in 20th century Britain. Pathways to Health presents a dynamic view on how to investigate specific hypotheses within the life course framework and enhances the ability of the social science community to investigate specific mechanisms related to public health interventions.
Pathways to Math Literacy (Second Edition)
by Dave SobeckiWe're making the process of learning useful problem-solving skills through algebra more palatable for students, which at the end of the day is a significant part of the battle.
Pathwise Estimation and Inference for Diffusion Market Models
by Nikolai Dokuchaev Lin Yee HinPathwise estimation and inference for diffusion market models discusses contemporary techniques for inferring, from options and bond prices, the market participants' aggregate view on important financial parameters such as implied volatility, discount rate, future interest rate, and their uncertainty thereof. The focus is on the pathwise inference methods that are applicable to a sole path of the observed prices and do not require the observation of an ensemble of such paths. <P><P>This book is pitched at the level of senior undergraduate students undertaking research at honors year, and postgraduate candidates undertaking Master’s or PhD degree by research. From a research perspective, this book reaches out to academic researchers from backgrounds as diverse as mathematics and probability, econometrics and statistics, and computational mathematics and optimization whose interest lie in analysis and modelling of financial market data from a multi-disciplinary approach. Additionally, this book is also aimed at financial market practitioners participating in capital market facing businesses who seek to keep abreast with and draw inspiration from novel approaches in market data analysis. <P><P>The first two chapters of the book contains introductory material on stochastic analysis and the classical diffusion stock market models. The remaining chapters discuss more special stock and bond market models and special methods of pathwise inference for market parameter for different models. The final chapter describes applications of numerical methods of inference of bond market parameters to forecasting of short rate. <P><P>Nikolai Dokuchaev is an associate professor in Mathematics and Statistics at Curtin University. His research interests include mathematical and statistical finance, stochastic analysis, PDEs, control, and signal processing. <P><P>Lin Yee Hin is a practitioner in the capital market facing industry. His research interests include econometrics, non-parametric regression, and scientific computing.
Patient Care under Uncertainty
by Charles F. ManskiHow cutting-edge economics can improve decision-making methods for doctorsAlthough uncertainty is a common element of patient care, it has largely been overlooked in research on evidence-based medicine. Patient Care under Uncertainty strives to correct this glaring omission. Applying the tools of economics to medical decision making, Charles Manski shows how uncertainty influences every stage, from risk analysis to treatment, and how this can be reasonably confronted.In the language of econometrics, uncertainty refers to the inadequacy of available evidence and knowledge to yield accurate information on outcomes. In the context of health care, a common example is a choice between periodic surveillance or aggressive treatment of patients at risk for a potential disease, such as women prone to breast cancer. While these choices make use of data analysis, Manski demonstrates how statistical imprecision and identification problems often undermine clinical research and practice. Reviewing prevailing practices in contemporary medicine, he discusses the controversy regarding whether clinicians should adhere to evidence-based guidelines or exercise their own judgment. He also critiques the wishful extrapolation of research findings from randomized trials to clinical practice. Exploring ways to make more sensible judgments with available data, to credibly use evidence, and to better train clinicians, Manski helps practitioners and patients face uncertainties honestly. He concludes by examining patient care from a public health perspective and the management of uncertainty in drug approvals.Rigorously interrogating current practices in medicine, Patient Care under Uncertainty explains why predictability in the field has been limited and furnishes criteria for more cogent steps forward.
Pattern Analysis of the Human Connectome
by Dewen Hu Ling-Li ZengThis book presents recent advances in pattern analysis of the human connectome. The human connectome, measured by magnetic resonance imaging at the macroscale, provides a comprehensive description of how brain regions are connected. Based on machine learning methods, multiviarate pattern analysis can directly decode psychological or cognitive states from brain connectivity patterns. Although there are a number of works with chapters on conventional human connectome encoding (brain-mapping), there are few resources on human connectome decoding (brain-reading). Focusing mainly on advances made over the past decade in the field of manifold learning, sparse coding, multi-task learning, and deep learning of the human connectome and applications, this book helps students and researchers gain an overall picture of pattern analysis of the human connectome. It also offers valuable insights for clinicians involved in the clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation of neuropsychiatric disorders.