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Advanced Materials: Proceedings Of The International Conference On Physics And Mechanics Of New Materials And Their Applications , PHENMA 2017 (Springer Proceedings In Physics #207)
by Shun-Hsyung Chang Ivan A. Parinov Vijay K. GuptaProvides a consistent and original presentation of fabrication techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials and composites.<p><p> Helps readers to better understand modern R&D requirements for prospective materials and composites.<p> Features original theoretical, experimental and modeling results on novel materials and devices.<p> This book presents selected peer-reviewed contributions from the 2017 International Conference on “Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications”, PHENMA 2017 (Jabalpur, India, 14–16 October, 2017), which is devoted to processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book focuses on a wide spectrum of nanostructures, ferroelectric crystals, materials and composites as well as promising materials with special properties. It presents nanotechnology approaches, modern environmentally friendly piezoelectric and ferromagnetic techniques and physical and mechanical studies of the structural and physical–mechanical properties of materials. Various original mathematical and numerical methods are applied to the solution of different technological, mechanical and physical problems that are interesting from theoretical, modeling and experimental points of view. Further, the book highlights novel devices with high accuracy, longevity and extended capabilities to operate under wide temperature and pressure ranges and aggressive media, which show improved characteristics, thanks to the developed materials and composites, opening new possibilities for different physico-mechanical processes and phenomena
Jaya: An Advanced Engineering Optimization Algorithm And Its Applications
by Ravipudi Venkata RaoThis book introduces readers to the “Jaya” algorithm, an advanced optimization technique that can be applied to many physical and engineering systems. It describes the algorithm, discusses its differences with other advanced optimization techniques, and examines the applications of versions of the algorithm in mechanical, thermal, manufacturing, electrical, computer, civil and structural engineering.In real complex optimization problems, the number of parameters to be optimized can be very large and their influence on the goal function can be very complicated and nonlinear in character. Such problems cannot be solved using classical methods and advanced optimization methods need to be applied. The Jaya algorithm is an algorithm-specific parameter-less algorithm that builds on other advanced optimization techniques. The application of Jaya in several engineering disciplines is critically assessed and its success compared with other complex optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and other recently developed algorithms.
Semigroups in Complete Lattices: Quantales, Modules and Related Topics (Developments in Mathematics #54)
by Patrik Eklund Javier Gutiérrez García Ulrich Höhle Jari KortelainenThis monograph provides a modern introduction to the theory of quantales. First coined by C.J. Mulvey in 1986, quantales have since developed into a significant topic at the crossroads of algebra and logic, of notable interest to theoretical computer science. This book recasts the subject within the powerful framework of categorical algebra, showcasing its versatility through applications to C*- and MV-algebras, fuzzy sets and automata. With exercises and historical remarks at the end of each chapter, this self-contained book provides readers with a valuable source of references and hints for future research. This book will appeal to researchers across mathematics and computer science with an interest in category theory, lattice theory, and many-valued logic.
Diagnostic Meta-Analysis: A Useful Tool for Clinical Decision-Making
by Giuseppe Biondi-ZoccaiThis book is the first exclusively devoted to the systematic synthesis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. It builds upon the major recent developments in reporting standards, search methods, and, in particular, statistical tools specifically devoted to diagnostic studies. In addition, it borrows extensively from the latest advances in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of intervention studies. After a section dedicated to methods for designing reviews, synthesizing evidence and appraising inconsistency in research, the application of these approaches is demonstrated in the context of case studies from various clinical disciplines. Diagnosis is central in medical decision-making, and in many other fields of human endeavor, such as education and psychology. The plurality of sources of evidence on diagnostic test accuracy poses a huge challenge for practitioners and researchers, as do the multiple dimensions of evidence validity, which include sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. This book offers an invaluable resource for anyone aiming to improve decision-making processes in diagnosis, classification or risk prognostication, from epidemiologists to biostatisticians, radiologists, laboratory physicians and graduate students, as any physician interested in refining his methodological skills in clinical diagnosis.
Handbook of Mathematical Geosciences: Fifty Years of IAMG
by Frits Agterberg B.S. Daya Sagar Qiuming ChengThis Open Access handbook published at the IAMG's 50th anniversary, presents a compilation of invited path-breaking research contributions by award-winning geoscientists who have been instrumental in shaping the IAMG. It contains 45 chapters that are categorized broadly into five parts (i) theory, (ii) general applications, (iii) exploration and resource estimation, (iv) reviews, and (v) reminiscences covering related topics like mathematical geosciences, mathematical morphology, geostatistics, fractals and multifractals, spatial statistics, multipoint geostatistics, compositional data analysis, informatics, geocomputation, numerical methods, and chaos theory in the geosciences.
Vehicle Dynamics of Modern Passenger Cars (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #582)
by Peter LugnerThe book provides the essential features necessary to understand and apply the mathematical-mechanical characteristics and tools for vehicle dynamics including control mechanism. An introduction to passenger car modeling of different complexities provides the basics for the dynamical behavior and presents vehicle models later used for the application of control strategies. The presented modeling of the tire behavior, also for transient changes of the contact patch properties, shows the necessary mathematical descriptions used for the simulation of the vehicle dynamics. The introduction to control for cars and its extension to complex applications using e.g. observers and state estimators is a main part of the book. Finally the formulation of proper multibody codes for the simulation leads to the integration of all parts. Examples of simulations and corresponding test verifications show the profit of such a theoretical support for the investigation of the dynamics of passenger cars.
Survey Methodology and Missing Data: Tools and Techniques for Practitioners
by Seppo LaaksonenThis book focuses on quantitative survey methodology, data collection and cleaning methods. Providing starting tools for using and analyzing a file once a survey has been conducted, it addresses fields as diverse as advanced weighting, editing, and imputation, which are not well-covered in corresponding survey books. Moreover, it presents numerous empirical examples from the author's extensive research experience, particularly real data sets from multinational surveys.
Research on Risk Evaluation Methods of Groundwater Bursting from Aquifers Underlying Coal Seams and Applications to Coalfields of North China (Springer Theses)
by Yifan ZengThis book provides an information fusion model with information fusion theory, geographic information system technology and modern mathematical methods to evaluate the risks of groundwater inrushes from aquifers underlying coal seams. In this new model, the water inrush vulnerable index was calculated with variable weights theory. It overcomes the defect of the traditional vulnerability index method that assumes constant weights for the factors controlling the water inrush. Mine water inrush events often occur during coal mine construction and production; they account for a large proportion of the nation’s coal mine disasters and accidents in China. Between 2005 and 2014, 513 water inrush incidents have occurred with a total loss of 2,753 lives. As mining depths and mining intensity continue to increase, the hydrogeological conditions encountered are becoming more complex. The innovative model presented here was applied to two coal mines in China with proved better results than the traditional vulnerability index method.
Finite Approximations in Discrete-Time Stochastic Control: Quantized Models And Asymptotic Optimality (Systems And Control: Foundations And Applications Ser.)
by Serdar Yüksel Naci Saldi Tamás LinderIn a unified form, this monograph presents fundamental results on the approximation of centralized and decentralized stochastic control problems, with uncountable state, measurement, and action spaces. It demonstrates how quantization provides a system-independent and constructive method for the reduction of a system with Borel spaces to one with finite state, measurement, and action spaces. In addition to this constructive view, the book considers both the information transmission approach for discretization of actions, and the computational approach for discretization of states and actions. Part I of the text discusses Markov decision processes and their finite-state or finite-action approximations, while Part II builds from there to finite approximations in decentralized stochastic control problems. This volume is perfect for researchers and graduate students interested in stochastic controls. With the tools presented, readers will be able to establish the convergence of approximation models to original models and the methods are general enough that researchers can build corresponding approximation results, typically with no additional assumptions.
An Introduction to Optimal Control of FBSDE with Incomplete Information (SpringerBriefs in Mathematics)
by Guangchen Wang Zhen Wu Jie XiongThis book focuses on maximum principle and verification theorem for incomplete information forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) and their applications in linear-quadratic optimal controls and mathematical finance. Lots of interesting phenomena arising from the area of mathematical finance can be described by FBSDEs. Optimal control problems of FBSDEs are theoretically important and practically relevant. A standard assumption in the literature is that the stochastic noises in the model are completely observed. However, this is rarely the case in real world situations. The optimal control problems under complete information are studied extensively. Nevertheless, very little is known about these problems when the information is not complete. The aim of this book is to fill this gap. This book is written in a style suitable for graduate students and researchers in mathematics and engineering with basic knowledge of stochastic process, optimal control and mathematical finance.
The Gradient Discretisation Method (Mathématiques et Applications #82)
by Jérôme Droniou Robert Eymard Thierry Gallouët Cindy Guichard Raphaèle HerbinThis monograph presents the Gradient Discretisation Method (GDM), which is a unified convergence analysis framework for numerical methods for elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations. The results obtained by the GDM cover both stationary and transient models; error estimates are provided for linear (and some non-linear) equations, and convergence is established for a wide range of fully non-linear models (e.g. Leray–Lions equations and degenerate parabolic equations such as the Stefan or Richards models). The GDM applies to a diverse range of methods, both classical (conforming, non-conforming, mixed finite elements, discontinuous Galerkin) and modern (mimetic finite differences, hybrid and mixed finite volume, MPFA-O finite volume), some of which can be built on very general meshes.
Vasculopathies: Behavioral, Chemical, Environmental, and Genetic Factors (Biomathematical and Biomechanical Modeling of the Circulatory and Ventilatory Systems #8)
by Marc ThirietThis volume presents one of the clinical foundations of vasculopathies: the biological markers and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. A detailed biological and clinical framework is provided as a prerequisite for adequate modeling. Chapter 1 presents cardiovascular risk factors and markers, where the search for new criteria is aimed at improving early detection of chronic diseases. The subsequent chapters focus on hypertension, which involves the kidney among other organs as well as many agents, hyperglycemia and diabetes, hyperlipidemias and obesity, and behavior. The last of these risk factors includes altered circadian rhythm, tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and diet. The volumes in this series present all of the data needed at various length scales for a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are tightly coupled, as their primary function is to supply oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the body's cells. Because physiological conduits have deformable and reactive walls, macroscopic flow behavior and prediction must be coupled to nano- and microscopic events in a corrector scheme of regulated mechanisms. Therefore, investigation of flows of blood and air in anatomical conduits requires an understanding of the biology, chemistry, and physics of these systems together with the mathematical tools to describe their functioning in quantitative terms.
In-Service Fatigue Reliability of Structures (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications #251)
by Sergei V. PetinovThis book provides readers with the latest know-how and tools needed to assess the in-service strength and reliability of welded structures. It addresses the two principal mechanisms of structural material deterioration, fatigue and corrosion, which affect the in-service behavior of structures. In this regard, the primary focus is on fatigue in connection with various structural failure scenarios. Realistic and typical examples of welded structures’ design and residual life assessment are used throughout the book in order to show readers the complexity of real-world assessments. The book offers a valuable resource for master’s students in mechanical and civil engineering, and for engineers whose work involves fatigue design and in-service inspections of welded structures.
Modeling Methods for Medical Systems Biology: Regulatory Dynamics Underlying the Emergence of Disease Processes (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1069)
by María Elena Álvarez-Buylla Roces Juan Carlos Martínez-García José Dávila-Velderrain Elisa Domínguez-Hüttinger Mariana Esther Martínez-SánchezThis book contributes to better understand how lifestyle modulations can effectively halt the emergence and progression of human diseases. The book will allow the reader to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the environment interferes with the bio-molecular regulatory processes underlying the emergence and progression of complex diseases, such as cancer. Focusing on key and early cellular bio-molecular events giving rise to the emergence of degenerative chronic disease, it builds on previous experience on the development of multi-cellular organisms, to propose a mathematical and computer based framework that allows the reader to analyze the complex interplay between bio-molecular processes and the (micro)-environment from an integrative, mechanistic, quantitative and dynamical perspective. Taking the wealth of empirical evidence that exists it will show how to build and analyze models of core regulatory networks involved in the emergence and progression of chronic degenerative diseases, using a bottom-up approach.
Lectures on Visco-Plastic Fluid Mechanics (CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences #583)
by Guillaume Ovarlez Sarah HormoziThe book is designed for advanced graduate students as well as postdoctoral researchers across several disciplines (e.g., mathematics, physics and engineering), as it provides them with tools and techniques that are essential in performing research on the flow problems of visco-plastic fluids. The following topics are treated: analysis of classical visco-plastic fluid modelsmathematical modeling of flows of visco-plastic fluidscomputing flows of visco-plastic fluidsrheology of visco-plastic fluids and visco-plastic suspensionsapplication of visco-plastic fluids in engineering sciencescomplex flows of visco-plastic fluids.
Minority Youth and Social Integration: The ISRD-3 Study in Europe and the US
by Mike Hough Sebastian RochéThis book examines the processes for social integration and social cohesion among young people, drawing on data collected from the International Self-Report Delinquency (ISRD) study, which covered 35 studies.This report examines case studies from 5 selected countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States) to provide an in-depth comparative study.Social integration processes are defined by sociologists as the mechanisms through which a society is held together, and populations are transformed into collectivities and communities. They are understood by criminologists to be an important factor in crime prevention, and factors such as peer groups and families are strong determinants of criminal behavior. In a time when society, and particularly young people, can seem increasingly fragmented (due to new technologies, rapidly increasing migration, economic inequality, and increased individuation), the researchers in this volume seek to understand whether and how these phenomena affect young people, and how they may have an impact on the development of criminal and antisocial behavior.This work will provide a framework for researchers in criminology and criminal justice, particularly with an interest in juveniles, developmental criminology, and crime prevention, as well as related fields such as sociology, social work, and demography.
Scientific Inquiry in Mathematics - Theory and Practice: A Stem Perspective
by Andrzej SokolowskiThis valuable resource provides an overview of recent research and strategies in developing and applying modelling to promote practice-based research in STEM education. In doing so, it bridges barriers across academic disciplines by suggesting activities that promote integration of qualitative science concepts with the tools of mathematics and engineering. The volume’s three parts offer a comprehensive review, by 1) Presenting a conceptual background of how scientific inquiry can be induced in mathematics classes considering recommendations of prior research, 2) Collecting case studies that were designed using scientific inquiry process designed for math classes, and 3) Exploring future possibilities and directions for the research included within. Among the topics discussed: · STEM education: A platform for multidisciplinary learning. · Teaching and learning representations in STEM. · Formulating conceptual framework for multidisciplinary STEM modeling. · Exploring function continuity in context. · Exploring function transformations using a dynamic system. Scientific Inquiry in Mathematics - Theory and Practice delivers hands-on and concrete strategies for effective STEM teaching in practice to educators within the fields of mathematics, science, and technology. It will be of interest to practicing and future mathematics teachers at all levels, as well as teacher educators, mathematics education researchers, and undergraduate and graduate mathematics students interested in research based methods for integrating inquiry-based learning into STEM classrooms.
Applied Scientific Computing: With Python (Texts in Computer Science)
by Peter R. Turner Thomas Arildsen Kathleen KavanaghThis easy-to-understand textbook presents a modern approach to learning numerical methods (or scientific computing), with a unique focus on the modeling and applications of the mathematical content. Emphasis is placed on the need for, and methods of, scientific computing for a range of different types of problems, supplying the evidence and justification to motivate the reader. Practical guidance on coding the methods is also provided, through simple-to-follow examples using Python.Topics and features: provides an accessible and applications-oriented approach, supported by working Python code for many of the methods; encourages both problem- and project-based learning through extensive examples, exercises, and projects drawn from practical applications; introduces the main concepts in modeling, python programming, number representation, and errors; explains the essential details of numerical calculus, linear, and nonlinear equations, including the multivariable Newton method; discusses interpolation and the numerical solution of differential equations, covering polynomial interpolation, splines, and the Euler, Runge–Kutta, and shooting methods; presents largely self-contained chapters, arranged in a logical order suitable for an introductory course on scientific computing.Undergraduate students embarking on a first course on numerical methods or scientific computing will find this textbook to be an invaluable guide to the field, and to the application of these methods across such varied disciplines as computer science, engineering, mathematics, economics, the physical sciences, and social science.
Research in Computational Topology (Association for Women in Mathematics Series #13)
by Erin Wolf Chambers Brittany Terese Fasy Lori ZiegelmeierBased on the first Workshop for Women in Computational Topology that took place in 2016, this volume assembles new research and applications in computational topology. Featured articles range over the breadth of the discipline, including topics such as surface reconstruction, topological data analysis, persistent homology, algorithms, and surface-embedded graphs. Applications in graphics, medical imaging, and GIS are discussed throughout the book. Four of the papers in this volume are the product of working groups that were established and developed during the workshop. Additional papers were also solicited from the broader Women in Computational Topology network. The volume is accessible to a broad range of researchers, both within the field of computational topology and in related disciplines such as statistics, computational biology, and machine learning.
Creating Target Publics for Welfare Policies: A Comparative And Multi-level Approach (Logic, Argumentation And Reasoning Ser. #17)
by Lorenzo Barrault-Stella Pierre-Edouard WeillThis volume analyzes welfare policies by looking at the making of their target publics. It examines how these populations are identified and constructed by policy making. The contributors apply the classic theoretical question about who gets what, when, and how, but also suggest the revisiting of policy-feedback analysis. Coverage includes empirical case studies in different geographical areas. It looks at Europe, the United States and also considers Mayotte, set in a post-colonial context. The chapters also examine different aspects of welfare, including the bureaucratic treatment of marginalized populations as well as the middle class.The authors draw on diverse conceptual approaches and investigative methodologies. They conduct participant observation in public or nonprofit organizations, explore administrative records, and interview actors at various stages of policymaking. This qualitative material is then combined with relevant quantitative data.Readers are guided through a multilevel approach of welfare policies, from their definition to their implementation. They gain insight into the targeting of publics, from the higher reaches of government to the most underprivileged groups of the social world. Overall, the book compares different national contexts and social policy fields. This approach unearths regularities, enabling the authors to reassess major contemporary transformations of the welfare State.
Properly Colored Connectivity of Graphs (SpringerBriefs in Mathematics)
by Xueliang Li Colton Magnant Zhongmei QinA comprehensive survey of proper connection of graphs is discussed in this book with real world applications in computer science and network security. Beginning with a brief introduction, comprising relevant definitions and preliminary results, this book moves on to consider a variety of properties of graphs that imply bounds on the proper connection number. Detailed proofs of significant advancements toward open problems and conjectures are presented with complete references. Researchers and graduate students with an interest in graph connectivity and colorings will find this book useful as it builds upon fundamental definitions towards modern innovations, strategies, and techniques. The detailed presentation lends to use as an introduction to proper connection of graphs for new and advanced researchers, a solid book for a graduate level topics course, or as a reference for those interested in expanding and further developing research in the area.
The Selected Models of the Mesostructure of Composites: Percolation, Clusters, Force Fields (SpringerBriefs in Physics)
by Alexander HeregaThis book presents the role of mesostructure on the properties of composite materials. A complex percolation model is developed for the material structure containing percolation clusters of phases and interior boundaries. Modeling of technological cracks and the percolation in the Sierpinski carpet are described. The interaction of mesoscopic interior boundaries of the material, including the fractal nature of interior boundaries, the oscillatory nature of it interaction and also the stochastic model of the interior boundaries’ interaction, the genesis, structure, and properties are discussed. One of part of the book introduces the percolation model of the long-range effect which is based on the notion on the multifractal clusters with transforming elements, and the theorem on the field interaction of multifractals is described. In addition small clusters, their characteristic properties and the criterion of stability are presented.
Current Research in Nonlinear Analysis: In Honor of Haim Brezis and Louis Nirenberg (Springer Optimization and Its Applications #135)
by Themistocles M. RassiasCurrent research and applications in nonlinear analysis influenced by Haim Brezis and Louis Nirenberg are presented in this book by leading mathematicians. Each contribution aims to broaden reader’s understanding of theories, methods, and techniques utilized to solve significant problems. Topics include:Sobolev SpacesMaximal monotone operatorsA theorem of Brezis-NirenbergOperator-norm convergence of the Trotter product formulaElliptic operators with infinitely many variablesPseudo-and quasiconvexities for nonsmooth functionAnisotropic surface measuresEulerian and Lagrangian variablesMultiple periodic solutions of Lagrangian systemsPorous medium equationNondiscrete Lassonde-Revalski principleGraduate students and researchers in mathematics, physics, engineering, and economics will find this book a useful reference for new techniques and research areas. Haim Brezis and Louis Nirenberg’s fundamental research in nonlinear functional analysis and nonlinear partial differential equations along with their years of teaching and training students have had a notable impact in the field.
Applications of Nonlinear Analysis: In Honor Of Haim Brezis And Louis Nirenberg (Springer Optimization and Its Applications #134)
by Themistocles M. RassiasNew applications, research, and fundamental theories in nonlinear analysis are presented in this book. Each chapter provides a unique insight into a large domain of research focusing on functional equations, stability theory, approximation theory, inequalities, nonlinear functional analysis, and calculus of variations with applications to optimization theory. Topics include: Fixed point theoryFixed-circle theoryCoupled fixed pointsNonlinear duality in Banach spacesJensen's integral inequality and applicationsNonlinear differential equationsNonlinear integro-differential equationsQuasiconvexity, Stability of a Cauchy-Jensen additive mappingGeneralizations of metric spacesHilbert-type integral inequality, SolitonsQuadratic functional equations in fuzzy Banach spacesAsymptotic orbits in Hill’sproblemTime-domain electromagneticsInertial Mann algorithmsMathematical modellingRoboticsGraduate students and researchers will find this book helpful in comprehending current applications and developments in mathematical analysis. Research scientists and engineers studying essential modern methods and techniques to solve a variety of problems will find this book a valuable source filled with examples that illustrate concepts.
Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Actuarial Sciences and Finance: MAF 2018
by Cira Perna Marilena Sibillo Marco Corazza María Durbán Aurea GranéThe interaction between mathematicians, statisticians and econometricians working in actuarial sciences and finance is producing numerous meaningful scientific results. This volume introduces new ideas, in the form of four-page papers, presented at the international conference Mathematical and Statistical Methods for Actuarial Sciences and Finance (MAF), held at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Spain), 4th-6th April 2018. The book covers a wide variety of subjects in actuarial science and financial fields, all discussed in the context of the cooperation between the three quantitative approaches. The topics include: actuarial models; analysis of high frequency financial data; behavioural finance; carbon and green finance; credit risk methods and models; dynamic optimization in finance; financial econometrics; forecasting of dynamical actuarial and financial phenomena; fund performance evaluation; insurance portfolio risk analysis; interest rate models; longevity risk; machine learning and soft-computing in finance; management in insurance business; models and methods for financial time series analysis, models for financial derivatives; multivariate techniques for financial markets analysis; optimization in insurance; pricing; probability in actuarial sciences, insurance and finance; real world finance; risk management; solvency analysis; sovereign risk; static and dynamic portfolio selection and management; trading systems. This book is a valuable resource for academics, PhD students, practitioners, professionals and researchers, and is also of interest to other readers with quantitative background knowledge.