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Health Information Processing. Evaluation Track Papers: 9th China Conference, CHIP 2023, Hangzhou, China, October 27–29, 2023, Proceedings (Communications in Computer and Information Science #2080)
by Hua Xu Qingcai Chen Hongfei Lin Fei Wu Lei Liu Buzhou Tang Tianyong Hao Zhengxing Huang Jianbo Lei Zuofeng Li Hui ZongThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the evaluation track of the 9th China Health Information Processing Conference, CHIP 2023, held in Hangzhou, China, during October 27–29, 2023. The 15 algorithms papers and 6 overview papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 66 submissions to the conference. They were organized in topical sections as follows: CHIP-PromptCBLUE Medical Large Model Evaluation; Chinese Medical Text Few-shot Named Entity Recognition; Drug Paper Document Recognition and Entity Relation Extraction; CHIP-YIER Medical Large Model Evaluation; Medical Literature PICOS Identification; Chinese Diabetes Question Classification;
Practical Cytopathology: Frequently Asked Questions (Practical Anatomic Pathology)
by Huihong Xu Xiaohua Qian He WangThis book provides a comprehensive, practical, and state-of-the art review addressing the major issues and challenges in cytopathology practice using a question and answer format. Making an accurate diagnosis, especially on a limited cytology sample obtained by minimally invasive procedures, is often challenging, yet crucial to patient care. Using the most current and evidence-based approaches, this book: 1) focuses on frequently asked questions in day-to-day practice of cytopathology as well as surgical pathology; 2) provides quick, accurate, and useful answers; 3) emphasizes the importance of clinical, radiological, and cytological correlation, as well as cyto-histological correlation; and 4) delineates how to judiciously use immunohistochemistry, molecular tests, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and other established ancillary studies including next generation sequencing and computer-assisted diagnostics. Chapters are written by experts in their fields and provide the most up-to-date information in the field of cytopathology. Practical Cytopathology: Frequently Asked Questions serves as a practical resource and guide to relevant references for trainees, cytotechnologists, and cytopathologists at various skill levels.
Diagnostic Ultrasound in Dermatology
by Huixiong Xu Lehang Guo Qiao WangThis book offers readers details in application of high-frequency ultrasound in dermatology, a new method playing increasingly important roles in diagnosis of skin diseases. At first, chapters introduce anatomy and ultrasound features of normal skin. Then terminology, image quality, and artifact of dermatologic ultrasound are presented. After that, ultrasound features of benign and malignant skin tumors, inflammation, autoimmune disease, and traumas are described with diagnostic tips for specific disease. It will be a valuable reference book not only for dermatologist and radiologist, but also for plastic surgeon and cosmetologist.
The Ginseng Genome (Compendium of Plant Genomes)
by Jiang Xu Tae-Jin Yang Hao-Yu HuThis book represents the first comprehensive compilation of information on all aspects of the medicinal plant Panax ginseng, ranging from its botany to applied aspects in medicine and molecular breeding. In contributions by respected experts, it also discusses the genetic background and biochemical profile of this important medicinal plant. Ginsenoside biosynthesis and metabolic dynamics are also described in detail. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for students, educators and scientists in academia and industry interested in medicinal plants and pharmacy.
Regulation of Cancer Immune Checkpoints: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms and Therapy (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1248)
by Jie XuThis book systematically reviews the most important findings on cancer immune checkpoints, sharing essential insights into this rapidly evolving yet largely unexplored research topic. The past decade has seen major advances in cancer immune checkpoint therapy, which has demonstrated impressive clinical benefits. The family of checkpoints for mediating cancer immune evasion now includes CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1, CD27/CD70, FGL-1/LAG-3, Siglec-15, VISTA (PD-1L)/VSIG3, CD47/SIRPA, APOE/LILRB4, TIGIT, and many others. Despite these strides, most patients do not show lasting remission, and some cancers have been completely resistant to the therapy. The potentially lethal adverse effects of checkpoint blockade represent another major challenge, the mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Compared to the cancer signaling pathways, such as p53 and Ras, mechanistic studies on immune checkpoint pathways are still in their infancy. To improve the responses to checkpoint blockade therapy and limit the adverse effects, it is essential to understand the molecular regulation of checkpoint molecules in both malignant and healthy cells/tissues. This book begins with an introduction to immune checkpoint therapy and its challenges, and subsequently describes the regulation of checkpoints at different levels. In closing, it discusses recent therapeutic developments based on mechanistic findings, and outlines goals for future translational studies. The book offers a valuable resource for researchers in the cancer immunotherapy field, helping to form a roadmap for checkpoint regulation and develop safer and more effective immunotherapies.
Protein Homology Detection Through Alignment of Markov Random Fields
by Jinbo Xu Sheng Wang Jianzhu MaThis work covers sequence-based protein homology detection, a fundamental and challenging bioinformatics problem with a variety of real-world applications. The text first surveys a few popular homology detection methods, such as Position-Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based methods, and then describes a novel Markov Random Fields (MRF) based method developed by the authors. MRF-based methods are much more sensitive than HMM- and PSSM-based methods for remote homolog detection and fold recognition, as MRFs can model long-range residue-residue interaction. The text also describes the installation, usage and result interpretation of programs implementing the MRF-based method.
Predictive Toxicology in Drug Safety
by Jinghai J. Xu Laszlo UrbanPost-apartheid South African elections have borne an unmistakable racial imprint: Africans vote for one set of parties, whites support a different set of parties, and with few exceptions, there is no crossover voting between groups. These voting tendencies have solidified the dominance of the ruling African National Congress (ANC) over South African politics and turned South African elections into "racial censuses. " This book explores the political sources of these outcomes. It argues that although the beginnings of these patterns lie in South Africa's past, in the effects apartheid had on voters' beliefs about race and destiny and the reputations parties forged during this period, the endurance of the census reflects the ruling party's ability to use the powers of office to prevent the opposition from evolving away from its apartheid-era party label. By keeping key opposition parties "white," the ANC has rendered them powerless, solidifying its hold on power in spite of an increasingly restive and dissatisfied electorate.
Cancer Inhibitors from Chinese Natural Medicines
by Jun-Ping XuNature is an attractive source of therapeutic and preventive compounds, and with such chemical diversity found in millions of species of plants, over 60% of currently used anticancer agents are derived from natural sources. Cancer Inhibitors from Chinese Natural Medicines summarizes new advancements in the experimental and clinical research of a selection of promising cancer inhibitors. It focuses on the latest scientific investigations of 238 Chinese herbs and discusses important aspects, including the types of inhibitors in the herbs, level of potency, mechanisms, and the advances in modification and formulation. Formulations from nano-particulates and immunotoxins in cancer inhibitors are also included in this comprehensive resource.
Natural Substances for Cancer Prevention
by Jun-Ping XuNatural Substances for Cancer Prevention explores in detail how numerous investigations in chemical biology and molecular biology have established strong scientific evidence demonstrating how the properties of naturally occurring bioactive chemicals hamper all stages of cancers (from initiation to metastasis). Accordingly, important goals for cancer prevention are the modification of our dietary habits and an increase in the intake of more anticancer-related natural substances. More significantly, the bioactive chemicals presented in the functional foods should be readily available, inexpensive, non-toxic, and nutritional.
Myelinated Fibers and Saltatory Conduction in the Shrimp
by Ke Xu Susumu TerakawaIn 1961, neurobiologists found that the conduction velocity of the nerve impulse in the giant nerve fiber of the Penaeus shrimp abdominal nerve cord was over 200 m/s, the highest speed of information transmission ever observed in the animal kingdom. The peculiar myelin sheath with its unique nodal structure and the electrical properties of the nerve fibers of the shrimp have continued to be investigated for a quarter of century and are now fully described in this book. The investigation dispels the commonly held belief that the fastest recorded impulse conduction is about 120 m/s in the thickest vertebrate myelinated nerve fibers. In the shrimp, researchers found a completely novel type of functional node in the giant fiber which they designated as the fenestration node. In portions of the myelinated fiber, the fenestration node furnished the sites of excitation. Also discovered was a new strategy for increasing impulse conduction in the shrimp. The book includes a section on the formation of the fenestration node and the discovery of a strategy that allows the shrimp to escape its predators by an action of the fastest velocity. The data presented in this volume on the myelin sheath of invertebrates present a new direction for this field and a rich source of information for neurobiologists worldwide.
Heterologous Gene Expression in E.coli
by Ming-Qun Xu Thomas C. Evans Jr.Protein expression in a heterologous host is a cornerstone of biomedical research and of the biotechnology industry. Despite the advanced state of protein expression technology improvements are still needed. For example, membrane proteins constitute a significant percentage of the total cellular proteins but as a class are very difficult to overexpress, especially in a heterologous host. The ideal host would have the ability to express any protein, with relevant post-translational modifications, and be as easy to work with as E. coli. In Heterologous Gene Expression in E. coli: Methods and Protocols, expert scientists intimately familiar with the relevant techniques offer chapters that greatly expand the utility of this expression host. The contributions in this detailed volume describe methods, for example, to successfully express proteins in E. coli that would otherwise form aggregates in this host, to add post-translational modifications, to incorporate non-standard amino acid residues or moieties into E. coli expressed proteins, to identify binding partners, and to express membrane proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM format, chapters include introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and cutting-edge, Heterologous Gene Expression in E. coli: Methods and Protocols seeks to familiarize the researcher with the myriad of E. coli expression strains available and move E. coli closer to that ideal of the perfect host.
LC-MS in Drug Bioanalysis
by Q. Alan Xu Timothy L. MaddenClinical pharmacology plays an important role in today's medicine. Due to the high sensitivity, selectivity, and affordability of a mass spectrometer (MS), the high performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analytical technique is widely used in the determination of drugs in human biological matrixes for clinical pharmacology. Specifically, LC-MS is used to analyze: anticancer drugs antidementia drugs antidepressant drugs antiepileptic drugs antifundal drug antimicrobial drugs antipsychotic drugs antiretroviral drugs anxiolytic/hypnotic drugs cardiac drugs drugs for addiction immunosuppressant drugs mood stabilizer drugs This book will primarily cover the various methods of validation for LC-MS techniques and applications used in modern clinical pharmacology.
Musculoskeletal Sports and Spine Disorders: A Comprehensive Guide
by Rachel Yinfei Xu Stuart B. KahnFulfilling the need for an easy-to-use resource on managing musculoskeletal disorders and sports injuries, this book provides differential diagnostic workups with recommended gold standard evaluations that lead to a simple and accurate diagnosis, followed by first-line treatment options. Organized by five sections - head and neck, upper extremity, lower extremity, abdomen/pelvis with trunk and chest, and cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spine - chapters present a concise summary and move on to a description of the most common symptoms, etiology, epidemiology and/or common causes if traumatic in nature. The best and most accepted diagnostic tests are illustrated, along with recommended evidence-based medicine and what may be done based on community standards of care. Treatment options will be listed in order of the most conservative to the most aggressive. This complete reference will provide primary care, physiatry, and ER physicians, residents, PA’s and students a simple and practical approach for clinical and academic use.
Quantitative Genetics
by Shizhong XuThe intended audience of this textbook are plant and animal breeders, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in biological and agricultural science majors. Statisticians who are interested in understanding how statistical methods are applied to genetics and agriculture can benefit substantially by reading this book. One characteristic of this textbook is represented by three chapters of technical reviews for Mendelian genetics, population genetics and preliminary statistics, which are prerequisites for studying quantitative genetics. Numerous examples are provided to illustrate different methods of data analysis and estimation of genetic parameters. Along with each example of data analyses is the program code of SAS (statistical analysis system).
Physiologic Anchorage Control
by Tian Min XuThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to physiologic anchorage control, explains the implications for clinical practice, and presents an anchorage technique applicable for the treatment of different malocclusions. The concept of physiologic anchorage control is derived from observations of upper molar movement during growth in adolescence, including in the absence of orthodontic treatment, which indicate that molar forward displacement comprises two components: the first due to biologic force or physiologic anchorage loss and the second due to orthodontic force or mechanical anchorage loss. All previous anchorage methods have been based on the assumption that molar anchorage loss is to be attributed solely to the mechanical force used to retract anterior teeth, and the new concept represents a paradigm shift of clinical significance. This book explores the pattern of upper molar growth in depth, highlights the physiologic significance of the curve of Spee, and analyzes the biomechanics of physiologic anchorage control. An anchorage control system that fully takes into account the latest conceptual insights is described and its clinical use and utility, examined.
Atlas of Strobolaryngoscopy: Laryngeal Disorders
by Wen XuSpecializing in viewing of vocal fold vibration, strobolaryngoscopy is a valuable tool for laryngologists and speech-language pathologists in diagnosis of pharyngolaryngeal diseases. This book presents 300 high-quality images and 18 videos from selected representative cases, which help practitioners to grasp the key diagnostic points of srobolaryngoscopy quickly. By watching the videos, readers can observe the vibratory characteristics of vocal folds in details.The book is presented in two parts: The first part is the overview of the strobolaryngoscopy, and the second part focuses on the strobolaryngoscopic signs of common pharngolaryngeal diseases. With the illustrative figures and videos, this book is a practicable reference to laryngologists and speech pathologists.
Coping with COVID-19, the Mobile Way: Experience and Expertise from China
by Xiaoge XuThis edited book examines the impact of COVID-19 on selected areas of mobile studies, ranging from mobile public spaces to mobile workspaces. This book offers insights into how to leverage mobile devices, as well as features and communication to contain the pandemic. Specifically, it highlights the Chinese experience and lessons, and the country’s expertise in social capital management during the health crisis, governance of information flow and order, combating fake news and the infodemic, documenting the pandemic, and lessons learned from mobile health communication. It also discusses how small companies can survive the death of foreign trade during the pandemic. Looking beyond the pandemic, the book also explores the challenges and opportunities posed by the pandemic by investigating mobile learning, mobile journalism, mobile marketing and mobile workspaces. Given its scope, this book will enhance the global efforts in fighting the pandemic and contribute to the current body of knowledge on how to leverage mobile technologies to enhance public health communication during public health crises.
Molecular Biology of Hand-Foot-Mouth Diseases
by Xingli Xu Yanchun Che Qihan LiThis book aims to compile the latest scientific information on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), including its epidemiology, etiology, pathology, immune response and vaccine development. Interestingly, the authors shared their own research experience and offered distinctive insights into the pathogenesis of HFMD and vaccine development. The intended audience, including university researchers, graduate students, and vaccine engineers, is well defined. The book is positioned as a resource that not only presents current knowledge but also has the potential to inspire further research in understanding immune pathogenesis and advancing vaccine development for HFMD.
Cancer Bioinformatics
by Ying Xu Juan Cui David PuettThis book provides a framework for computational researchers studying the basics of cancer through comparative analyses of omic data. It discusses how key cancer pathways can be analyzed and discovered to derive new insights into the disease and identifies diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer. Chapters explain the basic cancer biology and how cancer develops, including the many potential survival routes. The examination of gene-expression patterns uncovers commonalities across multiple cancers and specific characteristics of individual cancer types. The authors also treat cancer as an evolving complex system, explore future case studies, and summarize the essential online data sources. Cancer Bioinformatics is designed for practitioners and researchers working in cancer research and bioinformatics. It is also suitable as a secondary textbook for advanced-level students studying computer science, biostatistics or biomedicine.
Surgical Techniques of Focused Ultrasound Ablation in Benign Uterine Diseases
by Yonghua Xu Lixia Yang Felix WongThis book aims to provide readers advanced information on the clinical application of MRI and ultrasound-guided focused ultrasound ablation for benign uterine diseases. Followed by a brief introduction of the principle and method of focused ultrasound ablation, and imaging diagnosis of uterine fibroids and adenomyosis, typical cases of focused ultrasound ablation treatment for uterine fibroids, adenomyosis and other benign uterine diseases are presented, accompanying with high-resolution illustrations. Key points in imaging diagnosis, efficacy prediction, ablation procedure, and posttreatment evaluation are included. The possible complications and treatment strategies are also discussed. It will be a useful reference for gynaecologists and practitioners to perform focused ultrasound ablation for the treatment of benign uterine diseases.
Health Science Research: A handbook of quantitative methods
by Wei Xuan Craig Mellis Katrina Williams Jennifer K PeatThis is an excellent book, which will be of value to all those health professionals seeking to demystify the sometimes intimidating area of research. Well organised, comprehensive, and clearly written, it is indeed a 'handbook'; it has a clear, step by step approach with many practical examples. It is suitable for researchers across the range of health disciplines, and the authors are to be congratulated for what will become an important resource.Professor Frank Oberklaid, Director, Centre for Community Child HealthUniversity of Melbourne/Royal Children's HospitalThis book will clearly be a great help to young, and to some extent, experienced research workers focusing on epidemiological and clinical questions framed either in terms of the broad community or patient groups. I recommend it warmly.Professor Stephen Leeder, Dean, Faculty of Medicine, University of SydneyHigh quality clinical research is a cornerstone of effective health care and much good research is undertaken by clinicians. Yet many of the resources available on research methods are highly theoretical and inaccessible.Written in a user-friendly style by a team of experienced clinical researchers, Health Science Research guides readers through the fundamentals of clinical inquiry. It outlines the steps needed to plan a study, recruit and select subjects, gather and analyse data, and report on results. The authors also explain how to deal ethically with interviewees, and how to prepare a grant application.Health Science Research is an indispensable guide for anyone who needs to undertake a clinical study, including physicians, nurses, allied health workers, scientists and research assistants.Jennifer Peat is Hospital Statistician in the Clinical Epidemiology Unit at the New Children's Hospital, Westmead, and Associate Professor in the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health at the University of Sydney. Katrina Williams and Professor Craig Mellis are from the same Hospital and Department, and Wei Xuan is from the Department of Medicine, University of Sydney.
Adenomyosis: Facts and treatments
by Min Xue Jinhua Leng Felix WongThis book aims to provide updated facts and treatments for practicing gynecologists and postgraduate doctors to enhance their understanding of pathogenesis, pathology, symptoms and diagnostic imaging technology of adenomyosis, such as to select appropriate treatments, to improve the symptoms, fertility and the quality of life of women with adenomyosis. This book also particularly introduces the new treatment for adenomyosis using the non-invasive High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ablation treatment. Hopefully, it will provide a better understanding of its operation, effectiveness, and pregnancy outcome, to formulate a more successful treatment strategy for this disease.
Nanomedicine in Brain Diseases: Principles and Application
by Xue XueThis book provides an overview of the current applications of nanomaterials in brain diseases, and introduces several novel nanomaterials that have excellent potential in this field. During the last two decades, nanotechnology had matured significantly as it has transitioned from a bench-top science to an applied technology. However, the application of nanomaterials in basic and clinical neuroscience is still at an early stage, and understanding how the intrinsic properties of nanomaterials translate to complex biological responses is an area of intensive research. Part 1 of the book focuses on the principles and strategies of nanomedicine in the brain diseases, while part 2 examines the applications of promising nanomaterials for therapy and diagnosis in the brain. Together they offer a comprehensive picture of advances in nanotechnology and their successful use in treating brain diseases in the past 20 years.
Dental Caries
by Zhou XuedongThis book is a well-illustrated and comprehensive guide to the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, clinical management and prevention of dental caries. Current challenging problems in the field are analyzed and the latest research findings, presented. After an introductory chapter on tooth development, the relationships of biofilm and saliva to dental caries and the significance of the balance between demineralization and remineralization for the development of carious lesions are discussed. Subsequent chapters address the state of the art in diagnosis and treatment, the implications of disease burden for prevention and the association between systemic diseases and dental caries. Dental Caries: Principles and Management is intended for dental school students, practicing dentists and researchers in dentistry.
Perspectives on Midwifery and Parenthood
by Rita Borg Xuereb Julie JomeenThe book Perspectives on Midwifery and Parenthood explores contemporary issues relating to parenthood and midwifery. This book bridges a gap in the literature, where it highlights the close and unique relationships that midwives, nurses, doctors, other health care professionals and students enjoy with women and men during their transition to parenthood. Midwives work in close contact with and address the diverse needs of women and men during one of the most critical life's transitions, preconception, pregnancy, childbirth and early parenting and its long term implications on the psychosocial, emotional, physical and spiritual wellbeing of parents and infants. The chapters cover the transition and preparation for parenthood, midwives and parental-fetal-tie in pregnancy, perinatal mental health, maternal well-being, infertility, repeated loss and surrogacy, supporting early parenting following preterm birth, adolescent pregnancy and early parenthood, social challenges and parenthood including drug and alcohol use in pregnancy, intimate partners’ violence, migrants and transition to parenthood, fathers’ transition to parenthood, diversity of family formation - LGBTQ+ parents, breastfeeding, the role of spirituality during pregnancy, and midwifery and parenthood. Each person is unique and so is the response to parenthood, as the mother, father and family embark on this new lifeworld, a lifelong commitment. The book is a compendium of contemporary research depicting the strengths, opportunities, and recommendations how midwives and other health care professionals can nurture optimal, compassionate, respectful person- and family-centred care during pregnancy and early parenting, the transition to parenthood.