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Essential Concepts in MRI: Physics, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy and Imaging
by Yang XiaESSENTIAL CONCEPTS IN MRI A concise and complete introductory treatment of NMR and MRI Essential Concepts in MRI delivers the first comprehensive look at magnetic resonance imaging with a practical focus on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy applications. The book includes the essential components of MRI and NMR and is written for anyone new to the field of MRI who seeks to gain a complete understanding of all four essential components of MRI: physics theory, instrumentation, spectroscopy, and imaging. Highly visual and including numerous full color figures that provide crucial graphical descriptions of key concepts discussed in the book, Essential Concepts in MRI includes discussions of quantitative and creative MRI, as well as spatial mapping in MRI and the effects of the field gradient and k-space imaging. The book also covers: A thorough introduction to essential concepts in nuclear magnetic resonance, including classical descriptions of NMR and quantum mechanical descriptions of NMR Comprehensive explorations of essential concepts in NMR instrumentation, including magnets, radio-frequency coils, transmitters, and receivers Practical discussions of essential concepts in NMR spectroscopy, including simple 1D spectroscopy, double resonance, and dipolar interactions in two-spin systems In-depth examinations of essential concepts in MRI, including the design of MRI pulse sequences and the elements of MRI instrumentation, with a special focus on quantitative MRI Essential Concepts in MRI is a must-read reference for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students in the physical and medical sciences, especially radiology, MRI, and imaging courses. It is also essential for students and researchers in the biomedical sciences and engineering.
Early-life Environmental Exposure and Disease: Facts and Perspectives
by Yankai XiaThis book offers valuable insights into the latest concepts and findings from epidemiologic, clinical and basic studies in the burgeoning area of early-life environmental exposure and diseases. The book is divided into five parts, starting with an overview of environmental exposure measurement and evaluation, followed by a review of the effects of exposure to various substances like tobacco smoke, pesticides and metals as well as stress on offspring’s health. It then discusses the developmental origins of a range of childhood diseases that affect growth, neural development and the immune system, and highlights the importance of longitudinal studies that measure exposure at potentially sensitive time points during childhood. It also provides up-to-date evidence of the intergenerational/transgenerational effects of early-life environmental exposure, especially via genetic and epigenetic pathways. Allowing readers to gain a thorough understanding of the predominating aspects of early-life environmental exposure and diseases, the book also provides a basis for developing environmental and health policies that could have wide and long-term impacts on human health.
Advanced Acupuncture Research: From Bench to Bedside
by Ying XiaWritten by over seventy scientists and clinicians worldwide from China, USA, Germany, Canada, Japan and other countries, this monograph, with nearly 450 figures and tables, covers a wide range of advanced progress in acupuncture research, from experimental research to clinical applications. In addition to exploring the histopathological basis for acupuncture and mathematical simulation of acupoint response to stimulation, initiation and transduction of acupuncture signals and cellular mechanisms during acupuncture effects as well as chemical and physical characteristics of moxibustion on acupoints are broadly discussed. The topics also include novel data on acupuncture effect with advanced imaging techniques, a unique understanding of meridian-viscera correlation, specific interactions between meridians and neurosensory organs within the system of homeostatic regulation and the acupuncture-induced influences on autonomic function. Several chapters introduce specific approaches with dry needling, silver needling and stainless needling for certain diseases, such as myofascitis, supportive care for breast cancer and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy as well as perioperative care of surgical patients. Moreover, this book discusses recent research on acupuncture therapy and potential mechanisms for a number of severe and refractory neurological disorders, including hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, orofacial pain, chronic pain, itch, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, depressive disorders, Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic brain injury. The vast amount of information offered in this book provides a comprehensive perspective on advanced acupuncture research to not only acupuncturists, but also to neuroscientists, neurologists, and other clinicians. For medical students and graduate and undergraduate students majoring in biology, physiology and neuroscience, this book offers an advanced course in learning about the mechanism-driven advances in alternative and complementary medicine.
Neural Functions of the Delta-Opioid Receptor
by Ying XiaThis is the first book to summarize the progress of research on the delta opioid receptor (DOR) to date. This receptor, a member of the opioid receptor family, was not studied at all until the 1990s when some researchers began looking into the role that it plays in neuroprotection and other functions. Many scientists from a number of independent labs have now confirmed that DOR can provide neuroprotection from hypoxic/ischemic injuries. They have also found that it plays a role in physiological and pathophysiological events such as hypoxic encephalopathy, epilepsy, acupuncture, Parkinson's disease, etc. by regulating membrane proteins and balancing intracellular survival/death signals. The book will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research and provide a blueprint for future directions.
Translational Acupuncture Research
by Ying XiaWritten by many scientists and clinicians from China, USA, Canada and other countries, this monograph discusses translational research on acupuncture. Besides general topics on acupuncture practice (e.g., different styles and techniques of acupuncture), topics include some refractory diseases such as chronic fatigue syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular dysfunction, chronic pain, post-concussion syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder and cancer-related symptoms. The factors influencing acupuncture research are comprehensively addressed in the final chapter. This unique book provides a translational perspective on modern acupuncture for not only acupuncturists, but also neuroscientists, neurologists, and other clinicians. For medical students and undergraduate and graduate students majoring in biology, this book is an advanced course for learning the progress in alternative and complementary Medicine.
Current Research in Acupuncture
by Ying Xia Guanghong Ding Gen-Cheng WuWritten by over 60 scientists and clincicians from the United States, mainland China, Germany, Australia, Japan, Sweden, Portugal and Hong Kong, Current Research in Acupuncture discusses recent advances in acupuncture research in a modern scientific language. The first 5 chapters investigate the basic mechanisms of acupuncture. Later chapters explore topics including acupuncture treatment and potential mechanisms for epilepsy, Parkinson's diseases, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, aging, anxiety, polycystic ovary syndrome, pain, nerve root cervical spondylosis, stroke, imflamation, myocardial ischemia and other cardiovascular diseases. Following the translational and clinical discussions, 4 chapters present new prospects for acupuncture theories and applications. The final chapter comments on the pitfalls and problems of the previous studies and suggests direction for future research towards in-depth understanding of acupuncture, along with better application of acupuncture in modern medicine. Each chapter is written by one or more experts in the field. This unique book provides a broad perspective on the principles of acupuncture for acupuncture researchers and neuroscientists. The laboratory and clinical investigations of various acupoints and optimal conditions provide unique clues to acupuncturists for improved clinical efficacy. For a medical student, this book is a modern course in ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine, especially acupuncture. Ying Xia, the chief editor, is Professor and Vice-Chairman of the Department of Neurosurgery at The University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Texas, USA. Guanghong Ding is Professor in the Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science at Fudan University and Director of Shanghai Research Center for Acupuncture and Meridians, Shanghai, China. Gen-Cheng Wu is Professor of Neurobiology; Chairman, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology; Director, Institute of Acupuncture Research; and Director, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, at Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Burn and Trauma Associated Lung Injury
by Zhao-Fan Xia Feng Zhu Yu SunThis book provides in-depth analysis and guidance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment, and development of new treatments with clinical applied prospect of burn and trauma associated lung injury. It includes study on the pathological change of burn and trauma associated lung injury such as inhalation injury, lung blast injury, pulmonary barotrauma, delayed hemopneumothorax, lung injury associated sepsis, ventilator-induced lung injury and ischemia-reperfusion lung injury. It is also compiled with many clinical typical cases, full data and series of pictures.It also aims at bringing more clinicians’ attention to burn-/trauma-induced lung injury, making them familiar with the relevant theories and clinical diagnose; guiding the treatment of burn and trauma associated lung injury and improving the prognosis and life quality of patients; stimulating more clinicians and researchers to further explore the pathological mechanism and new treatments of burn and trauma associated lung injury. It persists in combining theory and practice, and highlights practical application to reflect the theoretical value. It is very suitable for the medical teaching and can also be used as a reference book for medical doctoral students, postgraduates, and medical trainees receiving continuing education from critical care medicine, burn & trauma surgery, and emergency medicine.
Health Information Science: 5th International Conference, His 2016, Shanghai, China, November 5-7, 2016, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10038)
by Wei Xiang Hua Wang Rui Zhou Zhisheng Huang Ickjai Lee Siuly SiulyThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Health Information Science, HIS 2018, held in Cairns, QLD, Australia, in October 2018.The 13 full papers and 5 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. The papers feature multidisciplinary research results in health information science and systems that support health information management and health service delivery. They relate to all aspects of the conference scope, such as medical/health/biomedicine information resources such as patient medical records, devices and equipments, software and tools to capture, store, retrieve, process, analyze, and optimize the use of information in the health domain; data management, data mining, and knowledge discovery, management of public health, examination of standards, privacy and security issues; computer visualization and artificial intelligence for computer aided diagnosis; development of new architectures and applications for health information systems.
Introduction to Deep Learning for Healthcare
by Cao Xiao Jimeng SunThis textbook presents deep learning models and their healthcare applications. It focuses on rich health data and deep learning models that can effectively model health data. Healthcare data: Among all healthcare technologies, electronic health records (EHRs) had vast adoption and a significant impact on healthcare delivery in recent years. One crucial benefit of EHRs is to capture all the patient encounters with rich multi-modality data. Healthcare data include both structured and unstructured information. Structured data include various medical codes for diagnoses and procedures, lab results, and medication information. Unstructured data contain 1) clinical notes as text, 2) medical imaging data such as X-rays, echocardiogram, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 3) time-series data such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG). Beyond the data collected during clinical visits, patient self-generated/reported data start to grow thanks to wearable sensors’ increasing use. The authors present deep learning case studies on all data described.Deep learning models: Neural network models are a class of machine learning methods with a long history. Deep learning models are neural networks of many layers, which can extract multiple levels of features from raw data. Deep learning applied to healthcare is a natural and promising direction with many initial successes. The authors cover deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, embedding methods, autoencoders, attention models, graph neural networks, memory networks, and generative models. It’s presented with concrete healthcare case studies such as clinical predictive modeling, readmission prediction, phenotyping, x-ray classification, ECG diagnosis, sleep monitoring, automatic diagnosis coding from clinical notes, automatic deidentification, medication recommendation, drug discovery (drug property prediction and molecule generation), and clinical trial matching.This textbook targets graduate-level students focused on deep learning methods and their healthcare applications. It can be used for the concepts of deep learning and its applications as well. Researchers working in this field will also find this book to be extremely useful and valuable for their research.
Asian Berries: Health Benefits (Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals)
by Gengsheng Xiao Yujuan Xu Yuanshan YuAs consumers look to natural foods to promote health and well-being, their focus has been on foods with recognized health properties. Natural health products with rich antioxidant and high free radical scavenging activity such as Asian berries currently draw the interest of scientific researchers, whose goal is to evaluate Asian berries’ nutritional and health-promoting properties. Collected in one source, Asian Berries: Health Benefits covers a wide array of different Asian berries, their properties, potential health benefits, and possible uses. Asian berries are well-known traditional nutritional foods and herbal medicinals as well as valuable nourishing tonic, which has been used for thousands of years in Asian countries. They are traditionally employed as herbal medicinals from ancient times. Recently, Asian berries widely marketed as health foods have become increasingly popular in the Western world because of their health-promoting properties. This book explores a wide array of possibilities and benefits that come from Asian berries. Key Features: Defines chemical, biochemical properties, bioactive components and health benefits of Asian berries Details postharvest storage technology and processing technology development Explains utilization of Asian berries by-products Discusses Asian berries functional foods as well as food safety issues Complete with 18 chapters written by experts in their field, Asian Berries: Health Benefits serves as an excellent reference for anyone interested in the science and technology of bioactive components from Asian berries as health-promoting foods.
Handbook of Dietary Phytochemicals
by Jianbo Xiao Satyajit D. Sarker Yoshinori AsakawaThis book summarizes recent advances in the chemistry, bioactivity, nutrition, and functional aspects of dietary phytochemicals, as well as the health and functional aspects of foods rich in phytochemicals. Consisting of forty-four chapters, it discusses the different chemical types of phytochemicals in our diets and food and presents data collected from animal or human experiments that are directly related to human health. Each chapter covers the chemistry, epidemiological study, bioavailability, bioactivity (animal experiments) function in humans and safety, as well as products on the market. Moreover, the more than 200 figures make it easy to grasp the main findings in each area.
Frontiers in Spray Drying (Advances in Drying Science and Technology)
by Jie Xiao Meng Wai Woo Nan Fu Xiao Dong ChenThis book covers the latest developments and advances in spray drying and describes how they impact the basic aspect of designing and operating spray dryers. This generic approach allows users to understand how different basic aspects of spray drying have advanced. Users will learn how to apply these advances in their own specific spray drying applications. This book also discusses the handling and control of spray dried products. Includes the latest techniques for use in the design and operation of spray drying operations Covers the basic operations of spray drying that can be applied to different applications of spray drying Discusses the handling and control of spray dried product qualities from a general approach, allowing readers to tailor these approaches to their own specific products This book is aimed at professionals, researchers, and academics working in the fields of food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and industrial engineering.
Exercise for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment
by Junjie XiaoThe book provides an intensive overview on exercise for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment, from basic research to clinical practice. The volume firstly summarizes the acute and chronic response to exercise. Secondly, evidence for exercise as medicine for the heart based on clinical studies and basic research is summarized. Thirdly, molecular mechanisms mediating the beneficial effects of exercise including IGF-1-PI3K-AKT signalling, NO signalling, C/EBPB-Cited4 signalling, Non-coding RNAs, epigenetic regulators, mitochondria adaption and exosomes are presented. Finally, exercise dosing, prescription and future prospects are provided. This book will provide valuable reference for researchers in cell biology, physiology, as well as physician, physical therapist in cardiology, sport medicine, etc.
Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1418)
by Junjie XiaoThis book provides the latest research progress on Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. EVs are small bilayer lipid membrane vesicles released by cells and function for intercellular communication. Increasing evidence has shown that EVs play crucial roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which seriously threaten human health worldwide. The book contains four sections: 1) Extraction Methods; 2) EVs in Cardiovascular Diseases; 3) EVs in Metabolic Diseases; and 4) Therapeutic Implications. This book is useful for biologists, cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, endocrinologists, internists, nurses, undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and cell biology, and others interested in cardiovascular and metabolic medicine.
Genome Editing in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1396)
by Junjie XiaoThis book provides the latest research progress on genome editing in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and includes bioinformatics research methodology of genome editing. Genome editing is a genetic engineering technique precisely modified specific target genes of organism genome, which has been applied to basic theoretical research and production applications from plants and animals to gene therapy of human beings. Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases have become major factors affecting human health worldwide. This book contains information about bioinformatics, genome editing in cardiovascular diseases, genome editing in metabolic diseases and therapeutic effects. It will be useful for biologist, cardiologist, cardiovascular surgeons, endocrinologist, internists, nurses, undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and cell biology and others interested in cardiovascular and metabolic medicine.
Muscle Atrophy (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1088)
by Junjie XiaoThe book addresses the development of muscle atrophy, which can be caused by denervation, disuse, excessive fasting, aging, and a variety of diseases including heart failure, chronic kidney diseases and cancers. Muscle atrophy reduces quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality worldwide. The book is divided into five parts, the first of which describes the general aspects of muscle atrophy including its characteristics, related economic and health burdens, and the current clinical therapy. Secondly, basic aspects of muscle atrophy including the composition, structure and function of skeletal muscle, muscle changes in response to atrophy, and experimental models are summarized. Thirdly, the book reviews the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy, including protein degradation and synthesis pathways, noncoding RNAs, inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, mitochondria signaling, etc. Fourthly, it highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle atrophy in aging and disease. The book’s fifth and final part covers the diagnosis, treatment strategies, promising agents and future prospects of muscle atrophy. The book will appeal to a broad readership including scientists, undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and cell biology.
Non-coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1229)
by Junjie XiaoThis book presents the latest research on non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular disease, a major cause of death worldwide. Non-coding RNAs play a significant role in development, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Since altered non-coding RNA expression is often associated with various diseases, their potential use in diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics is an important current area of study. The book consists of six parts: 1) An overview of non-coding RNAs and cardiovascular system, 2) Bioinformatics and interactions, 3) Non-coding RNA regulation in cardiovascular system, 4) Non-coding RNAs and cardiovascular diseases, 5) Potential biomarkers and therapeutic implications, 6) Future prospects. It is particularly useful for researchers and students in the field of non-coding RNA and cardiovascular biology, as well as for cardiologists, pharmacologists and physiologists.
Physical Exercise for Human Health (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1228)
by Junjie XiaoThis book shares the latest findings on exercise and its benefits in preventing and ameliorating numerous diseases that are of worldwide concern. Addressing the role of exercise training as an effective method for the prevention and treatment of various disease, the book is divided into eleven parts: 1) An Overview of the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Health and Performance, 2) The Physiological Responses to Exercise, 3) Exercise and Metabolic Diseases, 4) Exercise and Cardiovascular Diseases, 5) Exercise and Musculoskeletal Diseases, 6) Exercise and Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases, 7) Exercise and the Respiration System, 8) Exercise and Immunity, 9) Exercise and HIV/AIDS, 10) Exercise and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and 11) Future Prospects. Given its scope, the book will be particularly useful for researchers and students in the fields of physical therapy, physiology, medicine, genetics and cell biology, as well as researchers and physicians with a range of medical specialties.
Health Information Science: 5th International Conference, HIS 2016, Shanghai, China, November 5-7, 2016, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #10038)
by Xiaoxia Yin, James Geller, Ye Li, Rui Zhou, Hua Wang and Yanchun ZhangThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Health Information Science, HIS 2016, held in Shanghai, China, in November 2016. The 13 full papers and 9 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The scope of the papers includes medical/health/biomedicine information resources such as patient medical records, devices and equipments, software and tools to capture, store, retrieve, process, analyze, and optimize the use of information in the health domain; data management, data mining, and knowledge discovery, all of which play a key role in decision making, management of public health, examination of standards, privacy and security issues; computer visualization and artificial intelligence for computer aided diagnosis; development of new architectures and applications for health information systems.
Clinical Cases in Dermatopathology (Clinical Cases in Dermatology)
by Dong-Lin XieThis book provides a case-based guide to the diagnosis and management of dermatopathological conditions. Clinical cases are examined to help the reader through the treatment of unusual skin diseases using best practice techniques. A variety of skin conditions are covered, including skin lesions of the forehead, leg lesions, tinea capitis, skin lesions of the abdomen, trichofolliculoma, eosinophilic cellulitis, and occipital scalp skin. Clinical Cases in Dermatopathology highlights evidence-based best practice through its multidisciplinary approach and is relevant to trainees and clinicians working within dermatology and pathology.
Xie's Chinese Veterinary Herbology
by Huisheng Xie Vanessa PreastXie's Chinese Veterinary Herbology serves as a practical guide to the theory and application of Chinese Herbal Medicine into veterinary practices. Divided into three parts, the book covers herbal materia medica used in treating various disorders and diseases, herbal formulas, and the clinical application of treatments. The book also outlines each herb's history, the formulation of herbal recipes, energetic actions, indications and contraindications of each formula, dosages, and clinical and pharmacological studies performed with herbal treatments. This text serves as an invaluable reference to veterinarians looking to expand treatment options.
Xie's Veterinary Acupuncture
by Huisheng Xie Vanessa PreastTraditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine has been used to treat animals in China for thousands of years. Until now, the majority of the literature on Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine has been written in Chinese. Xie's Veterinary Acupuncture serves as a comprehensive and accessible reference on the basic principles, techniques and clinical application of veterinary acupuncture. Written by a world renowned authority on veterinary acupuncture and a panel of experts, the book incorporates a traditional Chinese approach to veterinary acupuncture, including ancient and newly developed acupuncture techniques for both small and large animals. With the growing interest in veterinary acupuncture worldwide, this ground-breaking and authoritative text is a timely resource for practitioners and students alike.
Hedgehog signaling activation in human cancer and its clinical implications
by Jingwu XieUnderstanding the role of hedgehog signaling in cancer is critically important for novel cancer therapeutics. The hedgehog pathway is a major pathway regulating cell differentiation, tissue polarity, stem cell maintenance and cell proliferation. It is known by now that activation of this pathway occurs in a variety of human cancer, including basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), medulloblastomas, leukemia, gastrointestinal, lung, ovarian, breast and prostate cancers. This book provides insightful views suitable for graduate students, medical students, undergraduate students, basic and clinical scientists, cancer patients as well as the general public.
Advanced Robotics for Medical Rehabilitation: Current State of the Art and Recent Advances (Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics #108)
by Shane S. Q. XieFocussing on the key technologies in developing robots for a wide range of medical rehabilitation activities - which will include robotics basics, modelling and control, biomechanics modelling, rehabilitation strategies, robot assistance, clinical setup/implementation as well as neural and muscular interfaces for rehabilitation robot control - this book is split into two parts; a review of the current state of the art, and recent advances in robotics for medical rehabilitation. Both parts will include five sections for the five key areas in rehabilitation robotics: (i) the upper limb; (ii) lower limb for gait rehabilitation (iii) hand, finger and wrist; (iv) ankle for strains and sprains; and (v) the use of EEG and EMG to create interfaces between the neurological and muscular functions of the patients and the rehabilitation robots. Each chapter provides a description of the design of the device, the control system used, and the implementation and testing to show how it fulfils the needs of that specific area of rehabilitation. The book will detail new devices, some of which have never been published before in any journal or conference.
Biomechatronics in Medical Rehabilitation: Biomodelling, Interface, And Control
by Shane S. Q. Xie Wei MengThis book focuses on the key technologies in developing biomechatronic systems for medical rehabilitation purposes. It includes a detailed analysis of biosignal processing, biomechanics modelling, neural and muscular interfaces, artificial actuators, robot-assisted training, clinical setup/implementation and rehabilitation robot control. Encompassing highly multidisciplinary themes in the engineering and medical fields, it presents researchers' insights into the emerging technologies and developments that are being utilized in biomechatronics for medical purposes. Presenting a detailed analysis of five key areas in rehabilitation robotics: (i) biosignal processing; (ii) biomechanics modelling; (iii) neural and muscular interfaces; (iv) artificial actuators and devices; and (v) the use of neurological and muscular interfaces in rehabilitation robots control, the book describes the design of biomechatronic systems, the methods and control systems used and the implementation and testing in order to show how they fulfil the needs of that specific area of rehabilitation. Providing a comprehensive overview of the background of biomechatronics and details of new advances in the field, it is especially useful for researchers, academics and graduates new to the field of biomechatronics engineering, and is also of interest to researchers and clinicians in the medical field who are not engineers.