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G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Immobilization and Applications in Drug Discovery (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by Xinfeng Zhao Qian Li Jing Wang Qi Liang Jia QuanThis book summarizes the progress made to functional immobilize G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) through site-specific or orientated recognition in both non-covalent and covalent manners. The last decade is the dawn of the “post-structural biology” era for G protein-coupled receptor research. As an emerging approach for state-of-the-art immobilization, this book discusses efforts to explore the elegance of naturally-occurring biochemical reactions by using their high specificity and robust reactivity in the complex system, such as site-specific conjugation by covalent recognition between enzymes and their substrates. With the perspective of protein-drug interactions, this book also reviews the applications of protein immobilization, with an emphasis on G protein-coupled receptors, in drug discovery and protein-ligand interaction analysis. In addition, the merits, opportunities and disadvantages are analyzed for different immobilization methods, and a perspective for future directions is presented. Given its scope, this book appeals to a broad readership, particularly researchers engaged in the field of analytical chemistry, bioconjugate chemistry, and chemical biology, and other related field, as well as teachers of relevant majors in colleges and universities.
Advanced Energy Efficiency Technologies for Solar Heating, Cooling and Power Generation (Green Energy and Technology)
by Xudong Zhao Xiaoli MaThis book, based on the research experience and outcomes of a group of international contributors, addresses a range of advanced energy efficiency technologies and their applications in solar heating, cooling and power generation, while also providing solutions for tackling recurring low efficiency problems in today’s systems. It highlights the latest technologies and methods, which can significantly improve the performance of solar systems, enabling readers to design, construct and apply high-performance solar systems in or for their own projects. The contributors provide a systematic introduction to state-of-the-art energy efficiency technologies that demonstrates how to implement innovative solar systems. These technologies include: • heat pipes and loop heat pipes; • phase change materials (PCMs) and PCM slurries; • micro-channel panels; • desiccant/adsorption cycling; • ejector cooling and heat pumps; and • solar concentration and thermoelectric units. The book shows how innovative solar systems applicable to rural and urban buildings can be analysed and demonstrates the successful implementation of these advanced technologies. It delivers the design principles and associated energy performance assessment methods for a range of selected solar heating, cooling and power generation projects. This book offers a valuable source of information for final-year undergraduate students, as well as graduate students and academic lecturers, as it promotes the widespread deployment of advanced solar heating, cooling and power generation technologies applicable for buildings across the globe. The book is also a good point of reference for design engineers and energy consultants who wish to extend their knowledge of advanced technologies used to achieve energy efficiency.
Information Modeling for Interoperable Dimensional Metrology
by Y Zhao Robert Brown T Kramer Xun XuDimensional metrology is an essential part of modern manufacturing technologies, but the basic theories and measurement methods are no longer sufficient for today's digitized systems. The information exchange between the software components of a dimensional metrology system not only costs a great deal of money, but also causes the entire system to lose data integrity. Information Modeling for Interoperable Dimensional Metrology analyzes interoperability issues in dimensional metrology systems and describes information modeling techniques. It discusses new approaches and data models for solving interoperability problems, as well as introducing process activities, existing and emerging data models, and the key technologies of dimensional metrology systems. Written for researchers in industry and academia, as well as advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, this book gives both an overview and an in-depth understanding of complete dimensional metrology systems. By covering in detail the theory and main content, techniques, and methods used in dimensional metrology systems, Information Modeling for Interoperable Dimensional Metrology enables readers to solve real-world dimensional measurement problems in modern dimensional metrology practices.
Electromagnetic Compatibility: Principles and Applications
by Yang Zhao Wei Yan Jun Sun Mengxia Zhou Zhaojuan MengThis book highlights principles and applications of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). After introducing the basic concepts, research progress, standardizations and limitations of EMC, the book puts emphasis on presenting the generation mechanisms and suppression principles of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, radiated EMI noise, and electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) problems such as electrostatic discharge (ESD), electric fast transient (EFT) and surge. By showing EMC case studies and solved examples, the book provides effective solutions to practical engineering problems. Students and researchers will be able to use the book as practical reference for EMC-related measurements and problem- solution.
Study on China’s Industrial Competitiveness
by Yanyun ZhaoThis book builds an information platform on China's industrial competitiveness, providing scientific design and application case studies for integrated analysis and decision-making facilities and mechanisms for enterprises, industries, financial institutions and governments, which can make up for the lack of adequate information in China's market operations, especially the problems of duplicate construction and vicious competition aggravated by the lack of systematically processed industrial information. This book not only pursues innovation in technical methods and application theories but also pursues the collection, processing and collation of relevant domestic and international data and development and application so as to provide primary results for an industrial competitiveness database adapted to government management needs. The research is closely related to the actual problems in China and extensively uses statistical data to make various model analyses, which has a relatively sizeable academic value.
New Frontiers of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (ICSA Book Series in Statistics)
by Yichuan Zhao Ding-Geng ChenThis book is comprised of presentations delivered at the 5th Workshop on Biostatistics and Bioinformatics held in Atlanta on May 5-7, 2017. Featuring twenty-two selected papers from the workshop, this book showcases the most current advances in the field, presenting new methods, theories, and case applications at the frontiers of biostatistics, bioinformatics, and interdisciplinary areas.Biostatistics and bioinformatics have been playing a key role in statistics and other scientific research fields in recent years. The goal of the 5th Workshop on Biostatistics and Bioinformatics was to stimulate research, foster interaction among researchers in field, and offer opportunities for learning and facilitating research collaborations in the era of big data. The resulting volume offers timely insights for researchers, students, and industry practitioners.
Endeavoring for China’s Environment and Development Transformation: Three Decades of China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED)
by Yingmin Zhao Arthur HansonThis is an open access book. CCICED has been woven into the fabric of China’s environmental development for the past 30 years—the length of an entire generation. It is also consistent with the most rapid modernization shift of the nation’s economy–environment relationship. This report provides insights into how CCICED operates and its success stories. It also presents a general picture of how changes of China in environmental development have taken place. CCICED at 30 is therefore a helpful account for future directions of sustainable environment.
Hydrogen Generation, Storage and Utilization
by Yiping Zhao Jinghong Li Jin Zhong Zhang Yat LiAddresses the three fundamental aspects of hydrogen as a fuel resource: generation, storage, and utilizationProvides theoretical basis for the chemical processes required for hydrogen generation, including solar, photoelectrochemical, thermochemical, and fermentation methodsDiscusses storage of hydrogen based on metal hydrides, hydrocarbons, high pressure compression, and cryogenicsExamines the applications of hydrogen utilization in the fields of petroleum, chemical, metallurgical, physics, and manufacturingContains over 90 figures, including 27 color figures
Controlling Differential Settlement of Highway Soft Soil Subgrade: A New Method And Its Engineering Applications (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Yongli Zhao Mengchong Chen Zhijun Wu Hanhua ZhuDrawing on years of practical on-site experience, this book presents a new method for controlling "bridge-head bumping" in soft soil ground. Based on deformation compatibility and control theory of structure, it proposes strategies for improving the design method of soft soil ground and the effective "bridge-head bumping" control method. Soft soil ground is chiefly characterized by a large void ratio, high compressibility, high water content, low impermeability, low strength, strong structure and high sensitivity. As a result, it has pronounced rheological properties, and controlling "bridge-head bumping" in soft soil ground is essential to control the amount of soil rheology-induced unstable successive settlement. The book offers extensive information on this and related topics, making it a valuable guide for engineers in Civil Engineering and Geotechnical Engineering alike.
Organic Nanochemistry: From Fundamental Concepts to Experimental Practice
by Yuming ZhaoORGANIC NANOCHEMISTRY How-to guide for entry-level practitioners to quickly learn the cutting-edge research concepts and methodologies of modern organic nanochemistry Organic Nanochemistry describes the fundamentals of organic nanochemistry research, encompassing modern synthetic reactions, supramolecular strategies, nanostructure and property characterization techniques, and state-of-the-art data analysis and processing methods, along with synthetic chemistry as applied to organic nanomaterials and molecular devices. Accompanying each of these principles are case studies (from basic design to detailed experimental implementation) to help the reader fully comprehend the concepts and methods involved. Various theories suitable for nanoscale simulations, including quantum mechanics, semi-empirical quantum mechanics, and molecular dynamics theories, are discussed at an introductory level. Computational examples are provided, allowing interested readers to grasp essential modelling techniques for better understanding of organic nanochemistry. The content is paired with online supplementary material that includes instructional materials and guides to using common scientific software for computational modelling and simulations. Written by a highly qualified professor, Organic Nanochemistry includes discussion on: Key concepts and theories of organic chemistry, which are essential to understand the fundamental properties of organic molecular and supramolecular systems Useful synthetic methodologies for the synthesis and functionalization of organic nanomaterials, and the chemistry and application of exotic carbon nanomaterials Supramolecular aspects in organic nanochemistry, especially the well-developed disciplines of host-guest chemistry and organic self-assembly chemistry Construction and testing of molecular devices and molecular machines and state-of-the-art computational modelling methods for properties of nanoscale organic systems Guiding the reader on a journey from familiar chemical concepts and principles to cutting-edge research of nano-science and technology, Organic Nanochemistry serves as an excellent textbook learning resource for advanced and graduate students, as well as a self-study guide or how-to reference for practicing chemists.
In-Situ Synthesis of Aluminum Matrix Composites
by Yutao ZhaoThis book comprehensively and systematically discusses in situ aluminum matrix composites, from their system design, material development, and preparation technology, to their solidification structure, plastic processing, and properties. As a new type of metal matrix composite, it not only provides a technical framework for the low-cost, large-scale development of high-performance compliant materials, but also provides important technical support for the promotion of the aluminum industry. The book appeals to researchers and industrial practitioners in the area of materials development for in situ aluminum matrix composites.
Lung Biology and Pathophysiology (Methods in Signal Transduction Series)
by Yutong ZhaoThe lungs are the organ for gas exchange between the body and the external environment. Dysfunction of upper airway epithelium and smooth muscle cells leads to pathogenesis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and other conditions, resulting in airway inflammation and narrowing. Injury to alveolar epithelium and endothelium causes influx of neutrophil and protein-rich fluid from circulation, resulting in edema and disruption of gas exchange. In addition to lung structural cells, immune cells, including alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes play critical roles in the maintenance of lung function. This book contributes to the understanding homeostasis of lung cells in the physiological and pathological conditions critical to the development of novel therapeutics.Key Features Highlights the role the lungs play as an interface between the body and the environment Describes the underlying mechanism of lung diseases Emphasizes the ways nutrition contributes to lung health as well as the ways pollution adversely affect lung function Includes contributions from leading researchers Chapters 8 and 13 of this book are available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
Electromagnetic Transients of Power Electronics Systems
by Zhengming Zhao Liqiang Yuan Hua Bai Ting LuThis book discusses topics related to power electronics, especially electromagnetic transient analysis and control of high-power electronics conversion. It focuses on the re-evaluation of power electronics, transient analysis and modeling, device-based system-safe operating area, and energy balance-based control methods, and presenting, for the first time, numerous experimental results for the transient process of various real-world converters.The book systematically presents both theoretical analysis and practical applications. The first chapter discusses the structure and attributes of power electronics systems, highlighting the analysis and synthesis, while the second chapter explores the transient process and modeling for power electronics systems. The transient features of power devices at switching-on/off, transient conversion circuit with stray parameters and device-based system-safe operating area are described in the subsequent three chapters. The book also examines the measurement of transient processes, electromagnetic pulses and their series, as well as high-performance, closed-loop control, and expounds the basic principles and method of the energy-balanced control strategy. Lastly, it introduces the applications of transient analysis of typical power electronics systems.The book is valuable as a textbook for college students, and as a reference resource for electrical engineers as well as anyone working in the field of high-power electronics system.
Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes in Fractured Rocks: Fundamentals, Modeling and Applications
by Zhihong ZhaoThis book presents the coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) processes in fractured rocks at varying scales from single fractures to fracture networks. It also discussed the implication and potential application of the advanced understanding of coupled THMC processes in fractured rocks for geotechnical and geo-energy engineering.
Towards Interoperable Research Infrastructures for Environmental and Earth Sciences: A Reference Model Guided Approach for Common Challenges (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12003)
by Zhiming Zhao Margareta HellströmThis open access book summarises the latest developments on data management in the EU H2020 ENVRIplus project, which brought together more than 20 environmental and Earth science research infrastructures into a single community. It provides readers with a systematic overview of the common challenges faced by research infrastructures and how a ‘reference model guided’ engineering approach can be used to achieve greater interoperability among such infrastructures in the environmental and earth sciences. The 20 contributions in this book are structured in 5 parts on the design, development, deployment, operation and use of research infrastructures. Part one provides an overview of the state of the art of research infrastructure and relevant e-Infrastructure technologies, part two discusses the reference model guided engineering approach, the third part presents the software and tools developed for common data management challenges, the fourth part demonstrates the software via several use cases, and the last part discusses the sustainability and future directions.
Sorghum: Methods And Protocols (Methods In Molecular Biology Series #1931)
by Zuo-Yu Zhao Jeff DahlbergThis book details sorghum breeding technologies, grain compounds, nutrition and digestibility, biotechnology methods, broad renewable applications and an economic study. Chapters are divided into five review chapters, five case study chapters, and nine protocol chapters providing comprehensive reviews, new study results or state-of-the-art protocols. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Sorghum: Methods and Protocols aims to provide useful information and tools to an array of readers looking to research and utilize sorghum.
Sustainable Bamboo Development
by Zhu Zhaohua Jin WeiThis book presents over 40 cases of bamboo development from across 22 major bamboo-industry countries and explores the knowledge gained from their successes and failures. It synthesizes experiences and exchanges with country experts from international training courses, study tours, and seminars. Each case includes detailed observations and summaries of discussions related to the development of bamboo-based industries in a healthy, sustainable way to facilitate the strategic and balanced development of the bamboo sectors in different global regions. Industrial and artisanal bamboo growing and processing is expanding worldwide, and this book collates key experiences to inform future developments. Sustainable Bamboo Development: - Is authored by an internationally recognized leading expert in the growth and use of bamboo - Takes a holistic view, covering all aspects of development including technical, socio-economic, policy, cultural, and business development - Provides practical knowledge to guide the development of bamboo sectors - Gives a clear idea and rich examples of what has been attempted in many countries - Acts as a road map for using bamboo as a poverty reduction and environmental security tool Highly illustrated and presented in full color throughout, this book is an essential resource for private sector investors, governmental and development agencies, and academic researchers and students who are all interested in bamboo.
Mechanisms of Genome Protection and Repair (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1241)
by Dmitry O. ZharkovDNA is under constant challenge from environmental and endogenous metabolic assaults. Several layers of defence and repair systems allow cells to maintain stable genomes; in humans, dysfunction of these systems leads to cancer, neurodegeneration, and other pathologies. At the same time, recently it had emerged that targeted and regulated DNA damage and repair is a mechanism underlying several important cellular processes such as epigenetic demethylation and immunoglobulin gene diversification. The present collection of papers is aimed to cover new developments in the area of protective and regulatory mechanisms associated with DNA damage. The mechanisms ruling the recognition of damaged nucleotides against the vast background of normal ones are reviewed. The role of extended non-catalytic domains that are often found in eukaryotic DNA repair proteins in contrast to their downsized, catalytic-only bacterial counterparts is discussed. Among the proposed subjects are the regulatory functions of bulky covalent modifications such as poly(ADP)ribosylation and ubiquitylation in DNA damage response, especially in the context of chromatin remodelling. As opposed to DNA repair, damage tolerance allows cells to replicate with lesions in the genome; the enzymes responsible are also covered. Finally, we present examples of modern multilevel understanding of the cell function and malfunction in the wake of genotoxic assaults such as oxidative stress, abiotic environmental stress, and DNA-damaging plant toxins.
Electron and Proton Kinetics and Dynamics in Flaring Atmospheres
by Valentina ZharkovaThis timely book presents new research results on high-energy particle physics related to solar flares, covering the theory and applications of the reconnection process in a clear and comprehensible way. It investigates particle kinetics and dynamics in flaring atmospheres and their diagnostics from spectral observations, while providing an analysis of the observation data and techniques and comparing various models.Written by an internationally acclaimed expert, this is vital reading for all solar, astro-, and plasma physicists working in the field.
Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry
by Viktor V. ZhdankinHypervalent Iodine Chemistry is the first comprehensive text covering all of the main aspects of the chemistry of organic and inorganic polyvalent iodine compounds, including applications in chemical research, medicine, and industry.Providing a comprehensive overview of the preparation, properties, and synthetic applications of this important class of reagents, the text is presented in the following way: The introductory chapter provides a historical background and describes the general classification of iodine compounds, nomenclature, hypervalent bonding, structural features, and the principles of reactivity of polyvalent iodine compounds.Chapter 2 gives a detailed description of the preparative methods and structural features of all known classes of organic and inorganic derivatives of polyvalent iodine.Chapter 3, the key chapter of the book, deals with the many applications of hypervalent iodine reagents in organic synthesis.Chapter 4 describes the most recent achievements in hypervalent iodine catalysis.Chapter 5 deals with recyclable polymer-supported and nonpolymeric hypervalent iodine reagents.Chapter 6 covers the "green" reactions of hypervalent iodine reagents under solvent-free conditions or in aqueous solutions.The final chapter provides an overview of the important practical applications of polyvalent iodine compounds in medicine and industry.This book is aimed at all chemists interested in iodine compounds, including academic and industrial researchers in inorganic, organic, physical, medicinal, and biological chemistry. It will be particularly useful to synthetic organic and inorganic chemists, including graduate and advanced undergraduate students. It comprehensively covers the green chemistry aspects of hypervalent iodine chemistry, making it especially useful for industrial chemists.
The Dual Nature of Life
by Gennadiy ZhegunovLife is a diverse and ubiquitous phenomenon on Earth, characterized by fundamental features distinguishing living bodies from nonliving material. Yet it is also so complex that it has long defied precise definition. This book from a seasoned biologist offers new insights into the nature of life by illuminating a fascinating architecture of dualities inherent in its existence and propagation. Life is connected with individual living beings, yet it is also a collective and inherently global phenomenon of the material world. It embodies a dual existence of cycles of phenotypic life, and their unseen driver -- an uninterrupted march of genetic information whose collective immortality is guaranteed by individual mortality. Although evolution propagates and tunes species of organisms, the beings produced can be regarded merely as tools for the survival and cloning of genomes written in an unchanging code. What are the physical versus informational bases and driving forces of life, and how do they unite as an integrated system? What does time mean for individuals, life on the global scale, and the underlying information? This accessible examination of principles and evidence shows that a network of dualities lies at the heart of biological puzzles that have engaged the human mind for millennia.
Life. Death. Immortality.: The Reign of the Genome (The Frontiers Collection)
by Gennadiy Zhegunov Denys PogozhykhWhat are life and death? Is it possible to understand their essence and give clear definitions? Countless books and articles have been devoted to trying to answer these intriguing questions. However, there are still no definite and generally accepted answers. The intrigue remains. And meanwhile, human attempts to vanquish death and achieve immortality continue apace.This book is an attempt to answer the eternal questions about life and death by analyzing, synthesizing, and rethinking the known facts that characterize life. The material here should be of particular interest, as it contains many hypotheses, philosophical generalizations, and well informed speculations. What is most important for life - matter, energy, or information? How are individual lives and the phenomenon of life in general related? What serves what – does the genome serve the cell or does the cell serve the genome? What is the value of life and death? Can we become immortal? The inquisitive reader will find original answers to these and other exciting questions in the pages of this stimulating book.
Large-Scale Perturbations of Magnetohydrodynamic Regimes
by Vladislav ZheligovskyNew developments for hydrodynamical dynamo theory have been spurred by recent evidence of self-sustained dynamo activity in laboratory experiments with liquid metals. The emphasis in the present volume is on the introduction of powerful mathematical techniques required to tackle modern multiscale analysis of continous systems and there application to a number of realistic model geometries of increasing complexity. This introductory and self-contained research monograph summarizes the theoretical state-of-the-art to which the author has made pioneering contributions.
Theory of Spinors and Its Application in Physics and Mechanics
by Vladimir A. ZhelnorovichThis book contains a systematic exposition of the theory of spinors in finite-dimensional Euclidean and Riemannian spaces. The applications of spinors in field theory and relativistic mechanics of continuous media are considered. The main mathematical part is connected with the study of invariant algebraic and geometric relations between spinors and tensors. The theory of spinors and the methods of the tensor representation of spinors and spinor equations are thoroughly expounded in four-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces. Very useful and important relations are derived that express the derivatives of the spinor fields in terms of the derivatives of various tensor fields.The problems associated with an invariant description of spinors as objects that do not depend on the choice of a coordinate system are addressed in detail. As an application, the author considers an invariant tensor formulation of certain classes of differential spinor equations containing, in particular, the most important spinor equations of field theory and quantum mechanics. Exact solutions of the Einstein–Dirac equations, nonlinear Heisenberg’s spinor equations, and equations for relativistic spin fluids are given. The book presents a large body of factual material and is suited for use as a handbook. It is intended for specialists in theoretical physics, as well as for students and post-graduate students of physical and mathematical specialties.
Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion: Advanced Battery and Supercapacitors
by Qiang Zhen Sajid Bashir Jingbo Louise LiuVolume 3 of a 4-volume series is a concise, authoritative and an eminently readable and enjoyable experience related to lithium ion battery design, characterization and usage for portable and stationary power. Although the major focus is on lithium metal oxides or transition metal oxide as alloys, the discussion of fossil fuels is also presented where appropriate. This monograph is written by recognized experts in the field, and is both timely and appropriate as this decade will see application of lithium as an energy carrier, for example in the transportation sector.This Volume focuses on the fundamentals related to batteries using the latest research in the field of battery physics, chemistry, and electrochemistry. The research summarised in this book by leading experts is laid out in an easy-to-understand format to enable the layperson to grasp the essence of the technology, its pitfalls and current challenges in high-power Lithium battery research. After introductory remarks on policy and battery safety, a series of monographs are offered related to fundamentals of lithium batteries, including, theoretical modeling, simulation and experimental techniques used to characterize electrode materials, both at the material composition, and also at the device level. The different properties specific to each component of the batteries are discussed in order to offer tradeoffs between power and energy density, energy cycling, safety and where appropriate end-of-life disposal. Parameters affecting battery performance and cost, longevity using newer metal oxides, different electrolytes are also reviewed in the context of safety concerns and in relation to the solid-electrolyte interface. Separators, membranes, solid-state electrolytes, and electrolyte additives are also reviewed in light of safety, recycling, and high energy endurance issues. The book is intended for a wide audience, such as scientists who are new to the field, practitioners, as well as students in the STEM and STEP fields, as well as students working on batteries. The sections on safety and policy would be of great interest to engineers and technologists who want to obtain a solid grounding in the fundamentals of battery science arising from the interaction of electrochemistry, solid-state materials science, surfaces, and interfaces.