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Advances in Material Science and Engineering: Selected articles from ICMMPE 2023, 16-Nov, Putrajaya, Malaysia (Proceedings in Technology Transfer)
by Mokhtar Awang Hussain H. Al-Kayiem Sattar S. EmamianThis book presents the latest research advancements in the field of material science, specifically in mechanical, manufacturing, and plant engineering. It includes peer reviewed articles from the 9th International Conference on Mechanical, Manufacturing and Plant Engineering (ICMMPE 2023) held on 16th November 2023 at The Everly Hotel Putrajaya, Malaysia. The conference showcases cutting-edge research and facilitates knowledge exchange among experts in the field of material science, mechanical engineering and their applications.
Nanotechnology Based Strategies for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance
by Mohmmad Younus Wani Irshad Ahmad Wani Akhilesh RaiThis book provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in nanotechnology as an alternative strategy for addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Examining nanotechnology-based methods such as nanoencapsulation, drug delivery, and conjugation, the text highlights their successful application in treating microbial infections with reduced resistance and off-target toxicity. The introductory section outlines AMR and explores diverse mechanisms of microbial resistance, emphasizing the potential of nanotechnology to surmount these challenges. Subsequent chapters investigate the role of specific nanomaterials—metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, functionalized quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, bimetallic nanoparticles, nanocomposites, carbon nanomaterials, and polymer-based nanomaterials—in overcoming antimicrobial resistance. Several chapters focus on the efficacy of nanoemulsions as an antimicrobial delivery method, underscoring their inherent antimicrobial properties, capacity to enhance drug solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeting potential at the organ and cellular levels. The concluding section provides a detailed review of liposomes, dendrimers-based nanoparticles, and micelles as drug delivery vehicles in the context of combating pathogens resistant to antimicrobials.
Polymer Composites: Fundamentals and Applications (Engineering Materials)
by Santosh K. Tiwari Srikanta Moharana Bibhuti B. Sahu Arpan Kumar NayakThis book highlights the fundamentals and recent advances for developing novel polymer composites for various applications, including 3D printing, automotive, textiles, agriculture, nanogenerators, energy storage and biomedical engineering. It presents various facile processing techniques to prepare polymeric composites with attractive properties like mechanical strength, flexibility, thermal & electrical performances for end used applications from bench to field. This in-sight of properties, performances and utility will lead to technological applications of polymer composites. It provides a platform for evolving and expanding technological solutions for challenges in the contemporary world, and presents a concrete path for advancement in this domain of polymer composite for professionals, researchers, material scientists, and students.
Hybrid Composite Materials: Experimental and Theoretical Analysis
by Akarsh Verma Hariome Sharan Gupta Sushanta K. SethiThe aim of this book is to provide readers with a better understanding of the experimental methods and computational modeling techniques employed in the characterizations of diverse hybrid composite materials. It covers the mechanisms, important aspects, characteristics, formulations, significant elements, and case studies of the hybrid composite materials used in a wide range of applications. To inspire researchers, the most recent studies in the field as well as potential directions for more study are also emphasized.
Flip Chip, Hybrid Bonding, Fan-In, and Fan-Out Technology
by John H. LauThis book focuses on the design, materials, process, fabrication, and reliability of flip chip, hybrid bonding, fan-in, and fan-out technology. Both principles and engineering practice have been addressed, with more weight placed on engineering practice. This is achieved by providing in-depth study on a number of major topics such as wafer bumping, flip chip assembly, underfill and reliability, chip-to-wafer, wafer-to-wafer, Cu-Cu hybrid bonding, WLCSP, 6-side molded WLCSP, FOWLP such as hybrid substrates with PID, ABF, and ultra-large organic interposer, the communications between chiplets and heterogeneous integration packaging, and on-board optics, near-package optics, and co-packaged optics.The book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, materials sciences, industry engineering, etc.
Biosynthesis of Natural Products in Plants: Bioengineering in Post-genomics Era
by Nitish KumarThis book discusses the importance of plants in terms of their natural bioactive products and medicinal, nutraceutical and health benefits. Plants are natural sources of many pharmaceutical compounds used in traditional and modern medicine, and their mass production and efficient use is imperative in view of the new emerging diseases. This book covers breakthroughs in the research of plant natural products by focusing on how different state-of-the-art biotechnologies facilitate their discovery, the molecular basis of their biosynthesis, as well as synthetic biology. Research on plant's natural products in the pre-genomic era was focused on discovering bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical activities, and identifying individual genes responsible for biosynthesis. In the post-genomics era, however, integration of inter-disciplinary approaches and detailed analysis of all accessible data from multi-informatics is necessary. This would accelerate the full characterization of biosynthetic and regulatory circuit for producing plant natural products.This book is an important reference book for the researchers working in the field of plant natural products and pharmaceutical industries at global level.
Communicating Climate Change in China: A Dynamic Discourse Approach
by Sidan WangThis book explores how China's media narrate climate policy and climate change. With the rapid growth of economy and carbon emissions, China has been seen as having a key role in addressingclimate change and receives substantial attention from the media. In theChinese coverage, climate change issues can be interpreted as various concernsand ideas involving the dimensions of the economy, energy and emissions, publicinvolvement, science and ecology, and responsibility. In this sense, a discourseapproach can be used to understand how the newspapers construct the climatechange discourse and discourse networks in the coverage. This study selectsthree different newspapers in China, namely People’sDaily, China Daily and Southern Weekend. This book will interest scholars of Chinese politics, environmentalists, and media studies scholars.
Rhythm in the Sky: Periodic Motions in the Universe (Studies in Rhythm Engineering)
by Gautam Gangopadhyay Anirban KunduThis book provides a brief and pedagogic introduction to a variety of topics, with a common motif that they all occur, in some way or other, in “the sky”, and involve some sort of “rhythm”. Sky is not just the inside of a dome; there are many strata, each with its own beauties and mysteries. As we go up, the atmosphere thins out and ends, and we move into the space, into the realms of planets, asteroids, and comets, and even further, beyond the solar system into the vast Milky Way galaxy. This is where the night sky comes in, with all its twinkling stars, the stars in our own galaxy. We must use telescopes to explore further. In this book, we will start from the ancient astronomers and how they studied the motion of earth through space. Study of planetary orbits, from Kepler and Newton to Einstein, had been fascinating. We will try to take the reader through the wonderful worlds of the cepheid variables and pulsars to the strange oscillations of the neutrinos and the new eye to look at the universe, namely the gravitational waves. The book stops at the discovery of the black hole at the center of our galaxy, but that is just because we must stop somewhere, or the assortment could go on ad infinitum. Some of these topics are highly mathematical in nature, but we will try to avoid the complicated mathematics as much as possible, without compromising with the rigor.
The Contribution of Mathematics to School STEM Education: Current Understandings
by Katie Makar Judy AndersonThis book presents contemporary STEM education research conducted by mathematics education researchers and their collaborators which highlights the important and pivotal role of mathematics in school STEM education. It showcases evidence of the types of integrated curriculum approaches to STEM education which highlight mathematics as a key component and where mathematical concepts can be learnt through integrated tasks. These examples challenge the idea that mathematics is just an application or ‘servant’ to the other STEM subjects and highlight the contribution that mathematics can make to the understanding and practices of the other STEM subjects. This book fills a void in the current research literature on the role of mathematics in STEM education, provides evidence of the possibilities for designing integrated STEM curriculum and highlights current understandings of the role of mathematics in school STEM education. For researchers, it identifies and elaborates gaps to encourage further exploration in this field.
Handbook on Radiation Environment, Volume 1: Sources, Applications and Policies
by Dinesh Kumar AswalThis handbook provides a comprehensive review of radiation present in the environment, its sources, dose measurement techniques, exposures in natural and man-made radiation environments, policies governing radiation safety, societal applications of radiation technology, radiological and nuclear events, preparedness, response, and mitigation of radiation emergencies. It covers natural and man-made radiation environment with an emphasis on renewed interest in nuclear energy as a clean and green source of power generation. Additionally, it reviews various approaches to understand the fate and behaviour of radionuclides in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It also presents nuclear technology's diverse applications, from diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine to materials modifications and sustainable waste management strategies and the role of ionizing radiation in ensuring food security and safety. The handbook also highlights the existing (internationally adopted) radiation protection policies, which are originated from linear-no-threshold (LNT) model of dose-response characteristics. The scientific basis of LNT-model and its limitations at low doses prompts a revision of the exiting radiation protection policies for better utilization of the benefits of ionizing radiation. The handbook serves as a comprehensive resource for students, academicians, scientists, engineers, and policymakers interested in seeking an in-depth knowledge of radiation and the multifaceted applications of radiation technology while protecting human health and the environment.
Intelligent Systems and Computing (Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies #207)
by Bing-Yuan Cao Shu-Feng Wang Seyed Hadi Nasseri Yu-Bin ZhongThis book includes high quality research papers submitted at the 2022 “Four Session (ICFIE, ICORG, GDORS, CGHMORS) Celebration” Joint International Conference held on December 28, 2022 and the online meeting of the Fuzzy Information and Engineering Branch of the China Operations Research Society on September 17, 2022. It covers topics in the fields of certainty, stochastic uncertainty, and fuzzy uncertainty, including computer science and mathematics, operations research and control, artificial intelligence, information and engineering technology, barrier-free communication for people with disabilities, digital logistics and knowledge representation, medical applications, queuing theory and game theory, algorithms and optimization methods. The book is a valuable reference book for scholars, engineers, management professionals, and graduate, undergraduate, and vocational students interested in computer science, mathematics, and fuzzy mathematics and operations research, as well as their applications in information technology and engineering.
Dynamical Behaviors of Fractional-Order Complex Dynamical Networks
by Jin-Liang WangThis book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the field of fractional-order complex dynamical networks. Recently, the dynamical behaviors (e.g., passivity, finite-time passivity, synchronization, and finite-time synchronization, etc.) for fractional-order complex networks (FOCNs) have attracted considerable research attention in a wide range of fields, and a variety of valuable results have been reported. In particular, passivity has been extensively used to address the synchronization of FOCNs.
Soft Tissue Simulants (Biomedical Materials for Multi-functional Applications)
by Gurpreet Singh Arnab ChandaSoft tissue simulants, essential for automotive and ballistic testing, medical, and surgical training, have traditionally relied on cadavers and animal tissues. However, their biomechanical properties change with time due to dehydration after death and the biomechanics of the animal models cannot be translated and compared with the human tissues. This book compiles various synthetic tissues used in these applications, addressing their characterization and industry-wide applications. While older simulants lack biofidelity, recent advancements in biofidelic soft tissue simulants offer promising alternatives, yet technology transfer remains limited. This book fills the gap by exploring each simulant's characteristics and current trends, facilitating their adoption in clinical and academic settings. These synthetic tissues have the potential to replace live tissues in surgical training, streamlining biosafety approvals. They also benefit academic researchers by reducing costs and time in biomechanical testing. Anticipated to be the first of its kind, this comprehensive reference book will showcase recent advancements in soft tissue simulant development, serving as a cornerstone text in tissue engineering & biomedical engineering, medical simulation, biomechanics, and related fields.
Advances in Risk and Reliability Modelling and Assessment: Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Reliability Safety and Hazard (ICRESH 2024) (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by Prabhakar V. Varde Gopika Vinod N. S. JoshiThis book presents the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Reliability Safety & Hazard-2024, held in Mumbai during February 21–24, 2024. It covers the latest advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning in development of risk-conscious culture. Various topics covered in this volume are reliability prediction, precursor event analysis, fuzzy reliability, structural reliability, passive system reliability, digital system reliability, risk-informed approach to decision making, dynamic PSA, uncertainty and sensitivity modeling, among others. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working in both academia and industry in the areas of complex systems, safety-critical systems, and risk-based engineering.
Bamboo Science and Technology (Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes)
by Felipe Luis Palombini Fernanda Mayara NogueiraBamboo is one of the most sustainable materials in nature due to its fast growth, rapid regeneration, outstanding mechanical properties, and applications in numerous industries. Latest technological advances have been allowing the plant to be studied and applied to exciting new projects. Being bamboo an icon of sustainable development, this book approaches the latest developments in the study of the plant, either as a natural resource or as a source of inspiration for more efficient designs. With the global urging demand for more sustainable practices, innovations in bamboo science and technology are key to the development of environmentally sound solutions.
Differential Geometry and General Relativity: Volume 1 (Graduate Texts in Physics)
by Canbin Liang Bin ZhouThis book, the first in a three-volume set, explains general relativity using the mathematical tool of differential geometry. The book consists of ten chapters, the first five of which introduce differential geometry, which is widely applicable even outside the field of relativity. Chapter 6 analyzes special relativity using geometric language. In turn, the last four chapters introduce readers to the fundamentals of general relativity. Intended for beginners, this volume includes numerous exercises and worked-out example in each chapter to facilitate the learning experience. Chiefly written for graduate-level courses, the book’s content will also benefit upper-level undergraduate students, and can be used as a reference guide for practicing theoretical physicists.
Microbial Symbionts and Plant Health: Trends and Applications for Changing Climate (Rhizosphere Biology)
by Piyush Mathur Rupam Kapoor Swarnendu RoyThis book provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between microbial symbionts and plants in the era of climate change. It focuses on the plant microbiome associated with different plant organs like roots, leaves, stems, fruit, and seeds, and showcases their significant role in the enhancement of crop yield and protection in a sustainable manner. Concomitantly, acumens to the most emerging trends in plant microbial research that includes rhizosphere engineering and metagenomics are also covered in this title. The association of microbial symbionts with the host offers a wide advantage in terms of acclimatization to varied environmental conditions. A large number of microbes such as cyanobacteria, PGPR, endophytes, and AMF have been shown to improve plant growth and production under the effect of various abiotic and biotic stresses. These microbial symbionts secrete several secondary metabolites, signaling molecules, and hydrolytic enzymes that play a multifarious role in improving plant growth and yield. Moreover, the symbionts have been known to regulate the host responses at the molecular level. Bioprospecting these microbial symbionts will provide an alternative to the chemical-based fertilizers and pave the path for the development of biofertilizers. The book is a suitable reading material for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and scientists working in the field of agricultural biotechnology, microbiology, mycology and plant pathology, and allied fields of plant and microbial sciences. The book in this context attempts to provide an integrative and exhaustive study as well as research material that would help the scientific community in wide respect.
Holistic Approach to Breast Disease
by Bhawna Dev Leena Dennis JosephThe book covers the entire gamut of breast diseases including all necessary dimensions, such as radiology, pathology, surgery and oncology. It provides a complete spectrum from clinical scenario, imaging investigations and interventions, final histopathological diagnosis and complete treatment plan from medical, surgical and radiation to follow up protocols. It discusses about common and uncommon varied breast diseases encompassing all necessary specialties. It includes stepwise pictorial descriptions of ‘must know’ in breast lesions. It presents high resolution images of the latest technologies in radiology and pathology based on typical case scenarios. The book features special chapters on recent updates and innovative technologies used in imaging, pathology and management of breast diseases. It contains line diagrams and flow charts for quick reading and easy understanding, to be practically implemented as and when required in any concerned specialties.The book is useful for consultants in radiology, pathology, general surgeons, onco-surgeons, super specialists and fellows in breast diseases, and postgraduates in these fields.
Generation, Transmission, Detection, and Application of Vortex Beams (Optical Wireless Communication Theory and Technology)
by Xizheng KeThis book focuses on the key technologies supporting orbital-angular-momentum multiplexing communication: generation, transmission, detection, and application of vortex beams. A series of methods for generating vortex beams are described and compared in detail. Laguerre-Gaussian and Bessel-Gaussian beams are taken as examples to introduce the transport properties of vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence. The authors show that superposition of vortex beam state, interference, diffraction, and grating can realize the detection of the topological charge of vortex beams. The authors also introduce the application of vortex beams in optical communication and the transmission characteristics of partially coherent vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence. Finally, the authors describe vortex beam information exchange and channel reconstruction.
G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Immobilization and Applications in Drug Discovery (SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science)
by Xinfeng Zhao Qian Li Jing Wang Qi Liang Jia QuanThis book summarizes the progress made to functional immobilize G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) through site-specific or orientated recognition in both non-covalent and covalent manners. The last decade is the dawn of the “post-structural biology” era for G protein-coupled receptor research. As an emerging approach for state-of-the-art immobilization, this book discusses efforts to explore the elegance of naturally-occurring biochemical reactions by using their high specificity and robust reactivity in the complex system, such as site-specific conjugation by covalent recognition between enzymes and their substrates. With the perspective of protein-drug interactions, this book also reviews the applications of protein immobilization, with an emphasis on G protein-coupled receptors, in drug discovery and protein-ligand interaction analysis. In addition, the merits, opportunities and disadvantages are analyzed for different immobilization methods, and a perspective for future directions is presented. Given its scope, this book appeals to a broad readership, particularly researchers engaged in the field of analytical chemistry, bioconjugate chemistry, and chemical biology, and other related field, as well as teachers of relevant majors in colleges and universities.
Pseudotyped Viruses (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1407)
by Youchun WangThis book intends to report the new progress of pseudotyped viruses, including the construction of pseudotyped viruses with different strategies or vectors for most important viruses. Especially for emerging viruses, optimization of the condition and parameters for assay development based on the pseudotyped viruses and widely application as surrogate of authentic virus to study the biological functions of virus, detection of neutralizing antibody, screening viral entry inhibiters, and others. It includes most pseudotyped viruses that have the protein of the target virus on the surface of the parent virus with incomplete genome. The book is likely to be of interest to all researchers in the field of virology, vaccine, and anti-viral drug development and evaluation.
Microstructure Atlas of P22 Steel
by Rajat K. Roy Anil K. Das Avijit Kumar Metya Avijit Mondal Ashis Kumar Panda M. Ghosh Satish Chand Sarmishtha Palit Sagar Swapan Kumar Das Amit Chhabra Swaminathan Jaganathan Amitava MitraThis book highlights the qualitative and quantitative sequential changes in microstructure of P22 steel under various stress and temperature conditions. The P22 alloy is an established material used under elevated temperature and stress for the components of thermal power plants. Temperature and stress levels for laboratory experimentation have been selected based on the true operating condition of a boiler. This book describes both continuous as well as interrupted tests that were performed under given parameters. Subsequently, the microstructures, bulk hardness and NDE parameters (magnetic and non-linear ultrasonic) have been evaluated. For reliable data, the microstructures have been observed at different regions of creep exposed samples by different characterization techniques. This has been further followed by drawing correlation between specific features like precipitate size variation with creep strain / creep time and so on. Given the contents, this book will be a useful reference for researchers and professionals working in the area of materials especially in thermal power plants.
Insights into Electrocardiograms with MCQs
by Sitaram MittalThe present is bundled with several unique features. It provides up-to-date information on electrocardiograms for almost all electrocardiographic abnormalities covers all aspects of surface electrocardiography in detail. Summaries follow all book chapters for quick revision and MCQs for self-assessment. This book will be helpful to clinicians, fellows in medicine preparing for different careers in cardiology, and ECG technicians and their teachers.The purpose of writing this book - While teaching undergraduates, postgraduates in general medicine, and students of diploma course in cardiac instrument technology, I realized that the students did not have the knowledge of basic concepts of electrocardiography and did not know the clinical significance of various abnormalities. Students, therefore, felt that the subject was difficult to understand and of no clinical significance. Students, therefore, did not feel interested. There was a need for a book that could simplify the subject to the ground level for a beginner who does not know even the basics of electrocardiography. Most of the books in this field are targeted towards cardiologists with an understanding that the reader already has enough knowledge of the basic concepts of electrocardiography. MCQs are the cornerstone for learning, teaching, and evaluation. None of the books in the market gives the idea of MCQs in electrocardiography. What problem does this book solve for the readers? - This book explains various normal and abnormal findings with the help of diagrams and illustrative electrocardiograms. Clinical implications of multiple abnormalities are discussed. This makes the subject easy to understand and to interest for a beginner. MCQs will help the readers in self-assessment. MCQs will also help teachers and examiners in evaluating the students.
Ecosystem and Species Habitat Modeling for Conservation and Restoration
by Shalini Dhyani Dibyendu Adhikari Rajarshi Dasgupta Rakesh KadaveruguThis edited book is focused on SDG 15. This volume covers aspects of species and ecosystem modeling in understanding the complexity of ecological systems, restoration, protected area management, and species conservation. The book follows a systematic and situation-sensitive approach to discuss ecosystem and species modeling tools, approaches, science, case studies, opportunities, and gaps for enhancing conservation efforts, ensuring ecosystem resilience, and addressing sustainability issues. The book emphasizes on science, innovations, case studies, and strategic relevance as main pillars of using ecosystem and species modeling tools and implementing the outcomes and results. In addition, clear conceptual frameworks, elaborated methodologies, and their applications are included to support policy planning and interventions to reduce and reverse human encroachment in human-dominated natural ecosystems, their degradation, and loss of important species and ecosystem services. Essential information with a special focus on advances and opportunities in advancing the implementation of results and outputs of the modeling tools, challenges and constraints for addressing loss of ecosystem services, designing and implementing sustainable landscape restoration, environmental risk assessment, and finally understanding policy implications and concerns for mainstreaming modeling results in conservation planning and decision-making is included in the book. Further topics include ultimate translational value of modeling tools and efforts across transitional ecosystems and species habitat to provide better evidence to influence the nature-based solutions (NbS) and ecosystem health assessment using Red List of Ecosystems (RLE). The emerging roles of integrative socio-ecological as well as techno-cultural factors in promoting the relevance of ecosystem and species modeling is one of the key features of this book. This edited volume is of interest and useful to researchers, students, scholars, policy makers, forest managers, consultants, and policy makers in the fields of protected area management, forest department, conservation, modeling, climate change, and sustainability science, and also authors engaged in IPBES, IPCC, and several other assessments.
Cyanobacterial Biotechnology in the 21st Century
by Brett Neilan Michel Rodrigo Zambrano Passarini Prashant Kumar Singh Ajay KumarThis book covers recent advances in cyanobacterial research. It deals with diversity, evolutionary biology, stress physiology, molecular biology of stress responses, and biotechnology of this group of prokaryotes. Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous and, undoubtedly, agriculturally microorganisms in terms of carbon and nitrogen fixation. In addition, cyanobacteria have long been used to fertilize crops and are a source of protein for humans. In parallel with the advances in cyanobacterial research in the 21st century, the development and application of innovative techniques in molecular biotechnology has widened the spectrum of commercial applications and potential exploitation of cyanobacteria. This book will be of interest to both new and experienced researchers involved in cyanobacterial molecular biology, ecology, and industrial biotechnology. This collection of chapters from experts also serves as essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students of to understand the importance of cyanobacteria in agriculture, ecology, microbial physiology, and environmental sciences.