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Architektur der digitalen Transformation: Digital Business, Technologie, Entscheidungsunterstützung, Management
by Alfred Zimmermann Rainer Schmidt Lakhmi C. JainDieses forschungsorientierte Buch enthält wichtige Beiträge zur Gestaltung der digitalen Transformation. Es umfasst die folgenden Hauptabschnitte in 20 Kapiteln:- Digitale Transformation- Digitales Geschäft- Digitale Architektur- Entscheidungshilfe- Digitale Anwendungen Es konzentriert sich auf digitale Architekturen für intelligente digitale Produkte und Dienstleistungen und ist eine wertvolle Ressource für Forscher, Doktoranden, Postgraduierte, Absolventen, Studenten, Akademiker und Praktiker, die sich für die digitale Transformation interessieren.
E-Vergabe – Praxishinweise und Marktüberblick: Schnelleinstieg für öffentliche Auftraggeber und Bieter (essentials)
by Felix ZimmermannDieses essential bietet einen schnellen Überblick über die praxisrelevanten Aspekte der bis Herbst 2018 einzuführenden elektronischen Vergabe öffentlicher Aufträge. Der Übergang vom Papier zum Digitalen eröffnet Staat und Unternehmen viele Chancen zur Effektivität des Ausschreibungsprozesses und birgt zugleich Risiken. Mit dem entsprechenden rechtlichen, technischen und organisatorischen Know-how lässt sich die E-Vergabe aber gezielt als effizientes Einkaufsinstrument einsetzen. Hierfür setzt dieses essential erste Impulse und sorgt mit einem nahezu vollständigen Marktüberblick über die verfügbaren E-Vergabe-Standardlösungen für ein praxisnahes Verständnis bei Entscheidern.
Silicon Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits (Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics #13)
by Horst ZimmermannExplains the circuit design of silicon optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs), which are central to advances in wireless and wired telecommunications. The essential features of optical absorption are summarized, as is the device physics of photodetectors and their integration in modern bipolar, CMOS, and BiCMOS technologies. This information provides the basis for understanding the underlying mechanisms of the OEICs described in the main part of the book. In order to cover the topic comprehensively, Silicon Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits presents detailed descriptions of many OEICs for a wide variety of applications from various optical sensors, smart sensors, 3D-cameras, and optical storage systems (DVD) to fiber receivers in deep-sub-µm CMOS. Numerous detailed illustrations help to elucidate the material.
Comparators in Nanometer CMOS Technology (Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics #50)
by Horst Zimmermann Bernhard GollThis book covers the complete spectrum of the fundamentals of clocked, regenerative comparators, their state-of-the-art, advanced CMOS technologies, innovative comparators inclusive circuit aspects, their characterization and properties. Starting from the basics of comparators and the transistor characteristics in nanometer CMOS, seven high-performance comparators developed by the authors in 120nm and 65nm CMOS are described extensively. Methods and measurement circuits for the characterization of advanced comparators are introduced. A synthesis of the largely differing aspects of demands on modern comparators and the properties of devices being available in nanometer CMOS, which are posed by the so-called nanometer hell of physics, is accomplished. The book summarizes the state of the art in integrated comparators. Advanced measurement circuits for characterization will be introduced as well as the method of characterization by bit-error analysis usually being used for characterization of optical receivers. The book is compact, and the graphical quality of the illustrations is outstanding. This book is written for engineers and researchers in industry as well as scientists and Ph. D students at universities. It is also recommendable to graduate students specializing on nanoelectronics and microelectronics or circuit design.
Bussysteme in der Fahrzeugtechnik: Protokolle, Standards und Softwarearchitektur (ATZ/MTZ-Fachbuch)
by Werner Zimmermann Ralf SchmidgallDieses Fachbuch gibt einen Überblick über die in der Kfz-Elektronik verbreiteten Bussysteme wie CAN, FlexRay, LIN oder MOST, deren Protokolle und die Softwarearchitektur moderner Steuergeräte. Die Beschreibung erfolgt aus der Sicht von Ingenieuren, die diese Systeme in der Praxis einsetzen und in Fahrzeuge integrieren müssen. Ausführlich wird auf die höheren Schichten der ISO, SAE und ASAM-Transport- und Diagnoseprotokolle sowie deren Anwendung eingegangen. Neben der Kommunikation wird die Softwarearchitektur der Steuergeräte mit Betriebssystem und Basissoftware vorgestellt, wie sie im Rahmen von AUTOSAR, OSEK/VDX und HIS definiert werden.Neu in dieser Auflage wurden CAN FD, Automotive Ethernet, OTX und WWH-OBD aufgenommen.
Mitigating Process Variability and Soft Errors at Circuit-Level for FinFETs
by Alexandra Zimpeck Cristina Meinhardt Laurent Artola Ricardo ReisThis book evaluates the influence of process variations (e.g. work-function fluctuations) and radiation-induced soft errors in a set of logic cells using FinFET technology, considering the 7nm technological node as a case study. Moreover, for accurate soft error estimation, the authors adopt a radiation event generator tool (MUSCA SEP3), which deals both with layout features and electrical properties of devices. The authors also explore four circuit-level techniques (e.g. transistor reordering, decoupling cells, Schmitt Trigger, and sleep transistor) as alternatives to attenuate the unwanted effects on FinFET logic cells. This book also evaluates the mitigation tendency when different levels of process variation, transistor sizing, and radiation particle characteristics are applied in the design. An overall comparison of all methods addressed by this work is provided allowing to trace a trade-off between the reliability gains and the design penalties of each approach regarding the area, performance, power consumption, single event transient (SET) pulse width, and SET cross-section.
Aluminum Upcycled: Sustainable Design in Historical Perspective (Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Technology)
by Carl A. ZimringTracing the benefits—and limitations—of repurposing aluminum.Besides being the right thing to do for Mother Earth, recycling can also make money—particularly when it comes to upcycling, a zero waste practice where discarded materials are fashioned into goods of greater economic or cultural value. In Upcycling Aluminum, Carl A. Zimring explores how the metal’s abundance after World War II—coupled with the significant economic and environmental costs of smelting it from bauxite ore—led to the industrial production of valuable durable goods from salvaged aluminum. Beginning in 1886 with the discovery of how to mass produce aluminum, the book examines the essential part the metal played in early aviation and the world wars, as well as the troubling expansion of aluminum as a material of mass disposal. Recognizing that scrap aluminum was as good as virgin material and much more affordable than newly engineered metal, designers in the postwar era used aluminum to manufacture highly prized artifacts. Zimring takes us on a tour of post-1940s design, examining the use of aluminum in cars, trucks, airplanes, furniture, and musical instruments from 1945 to 2015. By viewing upcycling through the lens of one material, Zimring deepens our understanding of the history of recycling in industrial society. He also provides a historical perspective on contemporary sustainable design practices. Along the way, he challenges common assumptions about upcycling’s merits and adds a new dimension to recycling as a form of environmental absolution for the waste-related sins of the modern world. Raising fascinating questions of consumption, environment, and desire, Upcycling Aluminum is for anyone interested in industrial and environmental history, discard studies, engineering, product design, music history, or antiques.
Decarbonization of Maritime Transport (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)
by Burak Zincir Pravesh Chandra Shukla Avinash Kumar AgarwalThis contributed book focuses on decarbonization of maritime transport by highlighting different aspects of decarbonization methods indicated in the International Maritime Organization’s Initial Greenhouse Gas Strategy (2018). The book contains studies on alternative fuels and alternative energy systems with their life cycle assessment, electrification and hybridization of ships, carbon capture technologies, green port concept, energy efficiency management, and market-based measures. This book will be of interest to those working in academia and industry in maritime technologies and transportation.
Communication Networks and Service Management in the Era of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (IEEE Press Series on Networks and Service Management)
by Nur Zincir-HeywoodCOMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING Discover the impact that new technologies are having on communication systems with this up-to-date and one-stop resource Communication Networks and Service Management in the Era of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning delivers a comprehensive overview of the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) on service and network management. Beginning with a fulsome description of ML and AI, the book moves on to discuss management models, architectures, and frameworks. The authors also explore how AI and ML can be used in service management functions like the generation of workload profiles, service provisioning, and more. The book includes a handpicked selection of applications and case studies, as well as a treatment of emerging technologies the authors predict could have a significant impact on network and service management in the future. Statistical analysis and data mining are also discussed, particularly with respect to how they allow for an improvement of the management and security of IT systems and networks. Readers will also enjoy topics like: A thorough introduction to network and service management, machine learning, and artificial intelligence An exploration of artificial intelligence and machine learning for management models, including autonomic management, policy-based management, intent based management, and network virtualization-based management Discussions of AI and ML for architectures and frameworks, including cloud systems, software defined networks, 5G and 6G networks, and Edge/Fog networks An examination of AI and ML for service management, including the automatic generation of workload profiles using unsupervised learning Perfect for information and communications technology educators, Communication Networks and Service Management in the Era of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning will also earn a place in the libraries of engineers and professionals who seek a structured reference on how the emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques is affecting service and network management.
Psammic Peinobiomes: Nutrient-Limited Ecosystems of the Upper Orinoco and Rio Negro Basins (Ecological Studies #247)
by Joseph Alfred Zinck Otto Huber Pedro García Montero Ernesto MedinaThe book represents a multidisciplinary approach to understanding soil–landscape–vegetation relationships and, specifically, the ecophysiology of plant communities developing on sandy soils of very low fertility that are subject to seasonal flooding. It provides an overview of the white sand ecosystems within the Amazon basin, and focuses on the forest and herbaceous (meadows) vegetation growing on the dystrophic sandy soils of the upper Negro and Orinoco river basins. Several chapters describe physiographic aspects of the study area using integrated remote sensing and in situ sampling. By doing so they attain a comprehensive description of the origin and evolution of soils and landscapes, an advanced classification of soils, and a mapping of the geographic distribution of psammophilous vegetation. This volume also provides a phytosociological classification of extensive forested areas, and a detailed description of the structure and diversity of little-known herbaceous formations.It targets professionals in the fields of ecology, ecophysiology, geomorphology, soils, vegetation, and the environmental sciences. The information it offers may be of significant use to researchers, protected area planners, and environmental policy makers.
Geopedology
by Joseph Alfred Zinck Graciela Metternicht Gerardo Bocco Héctor Francisco Del ValleThis book offers a proven approach for reliable mapping of soil-landscape relationships to derive information for policy, planning and management at scales ranging from local to regional. It presents the theoretical and conceptual framework of the geopedologic approach and a bulk of applied research showing its application and benefits for knowledge generation relevant to geohazard studies, land use conflict analysis, land use planning, land degradation assessment, and land suitability analysis. Soil is a vital resource for society at large and an important determinant of the economic status of nations. The intensification of natural disasters and the increased land use competition for food and energy have raised awareness of the relevant role the pedosphere plays in natural and anthropogenic environments. Recent papers and global initiatives show a renewed interest in soil research and its applications for improved planning and management of this fragile and finite resource.
Geopedology: An Integration Of Geomorphology And Pedology For Soil And Landscape Studies
by Joseph Alfred Zinck Graciela Metternicht Héctor Francisco del Valle Marcos Angelini<p>This updated and revised second edition brings geopedology issues into the current context. This new edition extends the work on popular topics such as digital soil mapping, GIS and landscape mapping, and it also gives valuable insight with up-to-date theoretical discussions and new application with relevant case studies. This textbook offers a proven approach for reliable mapping of soil-landscape relationships to derive information for policy, planning and management at scales ranging from local to regional. Filled with didactic elements such as case studies, visual aids (maps, charts and figures), questions and answers, the book is of interest to geohazard studies, land use conflict analysis, land use planning, land degradation assessment, and land suitability analysis.<p> <p>Soil is a vital resource for society at large and an important determinant of the economic status of nations. The intensification of natural disasters and the increased land use competition for food and energy have raised awareness of the relevant role the pedosphere plays in natural and anthropogenic environments. Recent papers and global initiatives show a renewed interest in soil research and its applications for improved planning and management of this fragile and finite resource.<p>
Geopedology: An Integration of Geomorphology and Pedology for Soil and Landscape Studies
by Joseph Alfred Zinck Graciela Metternicht Héctor Francisco del Valle Marcos AngeliniThis updated and revised second edition brings geopedology issues into the current context. This new edition extends the work on popular topics such as digital soil mapping, GIS and landscape mapping, and it also gives valuable insight with up-to-date theoretical discussions and new application with relevant case studies. This textbook offers a proven approach for reliable mapping of soil-landscape relationships to derive information for policy, planning and management at scales ranging from local to regional. Filled with didactic elements such as case studies, visual aids (maps, charts and figures), questions and answers, the book is of interest to geohazard studies, land use conflict analysis, land use planning, land degradation assessment, and land suitability analysis. Soil is a vital resource for society at large and an important determinant of the economic status of nations. The intensification of natural disasters and the increased land use competition for food and energy have raised awareness of the relevant role the pedosphere plays in natural and anthropogenic environments. Recent papers and global initiatives show a renewed interest in soil research and its applications for improved planning and management of this fragile and finite resource.
Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems: Proceedings of The Eighth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 5-7 September 2022, Cape Town, South Africa
by Alphose ZingoniCurrent Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems comprises 330 papers that were presented at the Eighth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2022, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 September 2022). The topics featured may be clustered into six broad categories that span the themes of mechanics, modelling and engineering design: (i) mechanics of materials (elasticity, plasticity, porous media, fracture, fatigue, damage, delamination, viscosity, creep, shrinkage, etc); (ii) mechanics of structures (dynamics, vibration, seismic response, soil-structure interaction, fluid-structure interaction, response to blast and impact, response to fire, structural stability, buckling, collapse behaviour); (iii) numerical modelling and experimental testing (numerical methods, simulation techniques, multi-scale modelling, computational modelling, laboratory testing, field testing, experimental measurements); (iv) design in traditional engineering materials (steel, concrete, steel-concrete composite, aluminium, masonry, timber); (v) innovative concepts, sustainable engineering and special structures (nanostructures, adaptive structures, smart structures, composite structures, glass structures, bio-inspired structures, shells, membranes, space structures, lightweight structures, etc); (vi) the engineering process and life-cycle considerations (conceptualisation, planning, analysis, design, optimization, construction, assembly, manufacture, maintenance, monitoring, assessment, repair, strengthening, retrofitting, decommissioning). Two versions of the papers are available: full papers of length 6 pages are included in an e-book, while short papers of length 2 pages, intended to be concise but self-contained summaries of the full papers, are in this printed book. This work will be of interest to civil, structural, mechanical, marine and aerospace engineers, as well as planners and architects.
Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems: Proceedings of The Eighth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 5-7 September 2022, Cape Town, South Africa
by Alphose ZingoniCurrent Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems comprises 330 papers that were presented at the Eighth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2022, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 September 2022). The topics featured may be clustered into six broad categories that span the themes of mechanics, modelling and engineering design: (i) mechanics of materials (elasticity, plasticity, porous media, fracture, fatigue, damage, delamination, viscosity, creep, shrinkage, etc); (ii) mechanics of structures (dynamics, vibration, seismic response, soil-structure interaction, fluid-structure interaction, response to blast and impact, response to fire, structural stability, buckling, collapse behaviour); (iii) numerical modelling and experimental testing (numerical methods, simulation techniques, multi-scale modelling, computational modelling, laboratory testing, field testing, experimental measurements); (iv) design in traditional engineering materials (steel, concrete, steel-concrete composite, aluminium, masonry, timber); (v) innovative concepts, sustainable engineering and special structures (nanostructures, adaptive structures, smart structures, composite structures, glass structures, bio-inspired structures, shells, membranes, space structures, lightweight structures, etc); (vi) the engineering process and life-cycle considerations (conceptualisation, planning, analysis, design, optimization, construction, assembly, manufacture, maintenance, monitoring, assessment, repair, strengthening, retrofitting, decommissioning). Two versions of the papers are available: full papers of length 6 pages are included in the e-book, while short papers of length 2 pages, intended to be concise but self-contained summaries of the full papers, are in the printed book. This work will be of interest to civil, structural, mechanical, marine and aerospace engineers, as well as planners and architects.
Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 September 2016
by Alphose ZingoniInsights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation comprises 360 papers that were presented at the Sixth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2016, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 September 2016). The papers reflect the broad scope of the SEMC conferences, and cover a wide range of engineering structures (buildings, bridges, towers, roofs, foundations, offshore structures, tunnels, dams, vessels, vehicles and machinery) and engineering materials (steel, aluminium, concrete, masonry, timber, glass, polymers, composites, laminates, smart materials).
Progress in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 July 2004
by Alphose ZingoniThe Second International Conference on Structural Engineering Mechanics and Computation was held in Cape Town, South Africa in 2004. Its mission was 'To review and share the latest developments, and address the challenges that the present and the future pose'.This book contains its key findings with contributions from academics, researchers and pra
Cyanobacteria for Bioremediation of Wastewaters
by Inga Zinicovscaia Liliana CepoiThis book reflects the use of cyanobacteria for the bioremediation of wastewater through different mechanisms and pathways of transformation and transfer of hazardous substances from one medium to another. The application of microorganisms for bioremediation is determined by their ubiquity, small size, high rate of reproduction and large surface-to-volume cell ratio. Mechanisms of interaction of cyanobacteria with inorganic pollutants include biosorption, bioaccumulation with an opportunity to obtain metal nanoparticles both on the cell surface and inside the cells as well as chelation and inclusion of metals in the composition of certain organic structures. Data presented in the book provides specialists in the field with useful information for bioremediation technologies as well as for obtaining valuable preparations using cyanobacteria.
Human Factors for Sustainability: Theoretical Perspectives and Global Applications
by Klaus J. Zink Andrew Thatcher Klaus FischerThis book deals with the central question of how human factors and ergonomics (HFE) might contribute to solutions for the more sustainable development of our world. The contents of the book are highly compatible with the recent political agenda for sustainable development as well as with sustainability research from other disciplines. <P><P>The book aims to summarize and profile the various empirical and theoretical work arising from the field of “Human Factors and Sustainable Development” in the last decade. The book gives a systematic overview of relevant theoretical concepts, their underlying philosophies, as well as global application fields and case studies.
Scalable Video on Demand
by Michael ZinkIn recent years, the proliferation of available video content and the popularity of the Internet have encouraged service providers to develop new ways of distributing content to clients. Increasing video scaling ratios and advanced digital signal processing techniques have led to Internet Video-on-Demand applications, but these currently lack efficiency and quality.Scalable Video on Demand: Adaptive Internet-based Distribution examines how current video compression and streaming can be used to deliver high-quality applications over the Internet. In addition to analysing the problems of client heterogeneity and the absence of Quality of Service in the Internet, this book:assesses existing products and encoding formats;presents new algorithms and protocols for optimised on-line video streaming architectures;includes real-world application examples and experiments;sets out a practical 'toolkit' for Dynamically Reconfigurable Multimedia Distribution Systems.Written by an expert in the field of video distribution, Scalable Video on Demand: Adaptive Internet-based Distribution provides a novel approach to the design and implementation of Video-on-Demand systems for Software Engineers and researchers. It will also be useful for graduate students following Electronic Engineering and Computer Science courses.
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy
by Martin Zinkernagel Chantal DysliThis book focuses on the emerging non-invasive imaging technique of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy (FLIO). FLIO reveals unique information on retinal diseases, ranging from age-related macular degeneration and vascular diseases to hereditary retinal dystrophies. Fluorescence lifetimes enable the evaluation of disease progression before irreversible structural changes occur. The image acquisition is suitable for diagnostic purposes and follow-up examinations to investigate the natural course of disease, and to monitor the effects of possible therapies. This book fills the gap between available literature and gives state-of-the-art guidance on the principles of the FLIO technique, image acquisition, and data analysis. Written by a team of expert leaders within this field, this book will be relevant for scientists and clinicians with an interest in ophthalmoscopy.
Big Data in Bioeconomy: Results from the European DataBio Project
by Christian Zinke-Wehlmann Caj Södergård Tomas Mildorf Ephrem Habyarimana Arne J. Berre Jose A. FernandesThis edited open access book presents the comprehensive outcome of The European DataBio Project, which examined new data-driven methods to shape a bioeconomy. These methods are used to develop new and sustainable ways to use forest, farm and fishery resources. As a European initiative, the goal is to use these new findings to support decision-makers and producers – meaning farmers, land and forest owners and fishermen.With their 27 pilot projects from 17 countries, the authors examine important sectors and highlight examples where modern data-driven methods were used to increase sustainability. How can farmers, foresters or fishermen use these insights in their daily lives? The authors answer this and other questions for our readers. The first four parts of this book give an overview of the big data technologies relevant for optimal raw material gathering. The next three parts put these technologies into perspective, by showing useable applications from farming, forestry and fishery. The final part of this book gives a summary and a view on the future.With its broad outlook and variety of topics, this book is an enrichment for students and scientists in bioeconomy, biodiversity and renewable resources.
Energy Dissipation in Composite Materials
by Peter A. Zinoviev Yury N. ErmakovAll real materials in one way or another, exhibit a departure from ideal elastic behaviour, even at very small strain values. Under cyclic deformation, these departtures result in irreversible energy losses in material. The causes of such losses are many, and include the irreversible transfer of mechanical energy into heat, growth of cracks and other defects, and the microplastic deformaton of crystals to name a few. Several terms have been suggested to define these phenomena including damping, energy dissipation, imperfect elasticity and internal friction. This book is about materials damping; with damping or energy dissipation processes in vibrating solids.
STEM in the Technopolis: The Power of STEM Education in Regional Technology Policy
by Cliff Zintgraff Sang C. Suh Bruce Kellison Paul E. RestaThis book addresses how forward-thinking local communities are integrating pre-college STEM education, STEM pedagogy, industry clusters, college programs, and local, state and national policies to improve educational experiences, drive local development, gain competitive advantage for the communities, and lead students to rewarding careers. This book consists of three sections: foundational principles, city/regional case studies from across the globe, and state and national context. The authors explore the hypothesis that when pre-college STEM education is integrated with city and regional development, regions can drive a virtuous cycle of education, economic development, and quality of life.Why should pre-college STEM education be included in regional technology policy? When local leaders talk about regional policy, they usually talk about how government, universities and industry should work together. This relationship is important, but what about the hundreds of millions of pre-college students, taught by tens of millions of teachers, supported by hundreds of thousands of volunteers, who deliver STEM education around the world? Leaders in the communities featured in STEM in the Technopolis have recognized the need to prepare students at an early age, and the power of real-world connections in the process. The authors advocate for this approach to be expanded. They describe how STEM pedagogy, priority industry clusters, cross-sector collaboration, and the local incarnations of global development challenges can be made to work together for the good of all citizens in local communities. This book will be of interest to government policymakers, school administrators, industry executives, and non-profit executives. The book will be useful as a reference to teachers, professors, industry professional volunteers, non-profit staff, and program leaders who are developing, running, or teaching in STEM programs or working to improve quality of life in their communities.
Reliability Analysis, Safety Assessment and Optimization: Methods and Applications in Energy Systems and Other Applications (Quality and Reliability Engineering Series)
by Enrico Zio Yan-Fu LiThis book is a comprehensive overview of the recently developed methods for assessing and optimizing system reliability and safety. It consists of two main parts, for assessment and optimization methods, respectively. The former covers multi-state system modelling and reliability evaluation, Markov processes, Monte Carlo simulation and uncertainty treatments under poor knowledge. The reviewed methods range from piecewise-deterministic Markov process to belief functions. The latter covers mathematical programs, evolutionary algorithms, multi-objective optimization and optimization under uncertainty. The reviewed methods range from non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to robust optimization. This book also includes the applications of the assessment and optimization method on real world cases, particularly for the reliability and safety of renewable energy systems. From this point of view, the book bridges the gap between theoretical development and engineering practice.