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Combining Interval, Probabilistic, and Other Types of Uncertainty in Engineering Applications (Studies In Computational Intelligence #773)
by Vladik Kreinovich Andrew PownukHow can we solve engineering problems while taking into account data characterized by different types of measurement and estimation uncertainty: interval, probabilistic, fuzzy, etc.? This book provides a theoretical basis for arriving at such solutions, as well as case studies demonstrating how these theoretical ideas can be translated into practical applications in the geosciences, pavement engineering, etc.In all these developments, the authors’ objectives were to provide accurate estimates of the resulting uncertainty; to offer solutions that require reasonably short computation times; to offer content that is accessible for engineers; and to be sufficiently general - so that readers can use the book for many different problems. The authors also describe how to make decisions under different types of uncertainty.The book offers a valuable resource for all practical engineers interested in better ways of gauging uncertainty, for students eager to learn and apply the new techniques, and for researchers interested in processing heterogeneous uncertainty.
Bounded Rationality in Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Towards Optimal Granularity (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #99)
by Vladik Kreinovich Joe LorkowskiThis book addresses an intriguing question: are our decisions rational? It explains seemingly irrational human decision-making behavior by taking into account our limited ability to process information. It also shows with several examples that optimization under granularity restriction leads to observed human decision-making. Drawing on the Nobel-prize-winning studies by Kahneman and Tversky, researchers have found many examples of seemingly irrational decisions: e. g. , we overestimate the probability of rare events. Our explanation is that since human abilities to process information are limited, we operate not with the exact values of relevant quantities, but with "granules" that contain these values. We show that optimization under such granularity indeed leads to observed human behavior. In particular, for the first time, we explain the mysterious empirical dependence of betting odds on actual probabilities. This book can be recommended to all students interested in human decision-making, to researchers whose work involves human decisions, and to practitioners who design and employ systems involving human decision-making --so that they can better utilize our ability to make decisions under uncertainty.
From Intervals to –?: Towards a General Description of Validated Uncertainty (Studies in Computational Intelligence #1041)
by Vladik Kreinovich Graçaliz Pereira Dimuro Antônio Carlos da Rocha CostaThis book is about methodological aspects of uncertainty propagation in data processing. Uncertainty propagation is an important problem: while computer algorithms efficiently process data related to many aspects of their lives, most of these algorithms implicitly assume that the numbers they process are exact. In reality, these numbers come from measurements, and measurements are never 100% exact. Because of this, it makes no sense to translate 61 kg into pounds and get the result—as computers do—with 13 digit accuracy. In many cases—e.g., in celestial mechanics—the state of a system can be described by a few numbers: the values of the corresponding physical quantities. In such cases, for each of these quantities, we know (at least) the upper bound on the measurement error. This bound is either provided by the manufacturer of the measuring instrument—or is estimated by the user who calibrates this instrument. However, in many other cases, the description of the system is more complex than a few numbers: we need a function to describe a physical field (e.g., electromagnetic field); we need a vector in Hilbert space to describe a quantum state; we need a pseudo-Riemannian space to describe the physical space-time, etc. To describe and process uncertainty in all such cases, this book proposes a general methodology—a methodology that includes intervals as a particular case. The book is recommended to students and researchers interested in challenging aspects of uncertainty analysis and to practitioners who need to handle uncertainty in such unusual situations.
Constraint Programming and Decision Making: Theory and Applications (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #100)
by Vladik Kreinovich Martine CeberioThis book describes new algorithms and ideas for making effective decisions under constraints, including applications in control engineering, manufacturing (how to optimally determine the production level), econometrics (how to better predict stock market behavior), and environmental science and geosciences (how to combine data of different types). It also describes general algorithms and ideas that can be used in other application areas. The book presents extended versions of selected papers from the annual International Workshops on Constraint Programming and Decision Making (CoProd'XX) from 2013 to 2016. These workshops, held in the US (El Paso, Texas) and in Europe (W#65533;rzburg, Germany, and Uppsala, Sweden), have attracted researchers and practitioners from all over the world. It is of interest to practitioners who benefit from the new techniques, to researchers who want to extend the ideas from these papers to new application areas and/or further improve the corresponding algorithms, and to graduate students who want to learn more - in short, to anyone who wants to make more effective decisions under constraints.
Decision Making under Constraints (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #276)
by Vladik Kreinovich Martine CeberioThis book presents extended versions of selected papers from the annual International Workshops on Constraint Programming and Decision Making from 2016 to 2018. The papers address all stages of decision-making under constraints: (1) precisely formulating the problem of multi-criteria decision-making; (2) determining when the corresponding decision problem is algorithmically solvable; (3) finding the corresponding algorithms and making these algorithms as efficient as possible; and (4) taking into account interval, probabilistic, and fuzzy uncertainty inherent in the corresponding decision-making problems. In many application areas, it is necessary to make effective decisions under constraints, and there are several area-specific techniques for such decision problems. However, because they are area-specific, it is not easy to apply these techniques in other application areas. As such, the annual International Workshops on Constraint Programming and Decision Making focus on cross-fertilization between different areas, attracting researchers and practitioners from around the globe. The book includes numerous papers describing applications, in particular, applications to engineering, such as control of unmanned aerial vehicles, and vehicle protection against improvised explosion devices.
Fuzzy Information Processing 2020: Proceedings of the 2020 Annual Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society, NAFIPS 2020 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1337)
by Vladik Kreinovich Barnabás Bede Martine Ceberio Martine De CockThis book describes how to use expert knowledge—which is often formulated by using imprecise (fuzzy) words from a natural language. In the 1960s, Zadeh designed special "fuzzy" techniques for such use. In the 1980s, fuzzy techniques started controlling trains, elevators, video cameras, rice cookers, car transmissions, etc. Now, combining fuzzy with neural, genetic, and other intelligent methods leads to new state-of-the-art results: in aerospace industry (from drones to space flights), in mobile robotics, in finances (predicting the value of crypto-currencies), and even in law enforcement (detecting counterfeit banknotes, detecting online child predators and in creating explainable AI systems). The book describes these (and other) applications—as well as foundations and logistics of fuzzy techniques. This book can be recommended to specialists—both in fuzzy and in various application areas—who will learn latest techniques and their applications, and to students interested in innovative ideas.
Towards Explainable Fuzzy AI: Concepts, Paradigms, Tools, and Techniques (Studies in Computational Intelligence #1047)
by Vladik KreinovichModern AI techniques –- especially deep learning –- provide, in many cases, very good recommendations: where a self-driving car should go, whether to give a company a loan, etc. The problem is that not all these recommendations are good -- and since deep learning provides no explanations, we cannot tell which recommendations are good. It is therefore desirable to provide natural-language explanation of the numerical AI recommendations. The need to connect natural language rules and numerical decisions is known since 1960s, when the need emerged to incorporate expert knowledge -- described by imprecise words like "small" -- into control and decision making. For this incorporation, a special "fuzzy" technique was invented, that led to many successful applications. This book described how this technique can help to make AI more explainable.The book can be recommended for students, researchers, and practitioners interested in explainable AI.
Uncertainty Modeling
by Vladik KreinovichThis book commemorates the 65th birthday of Dr. Boris Kovalerchuk, and reflects many of the research areas covered by his work. It focuses on data processing under uncertainty, especially fuzzy data processing, when uncertainty comes from the imprecision of expert opinions. The book includes 17 authoritative contributions by leading experts.
Oracle Database Administration, The Essential Reference
by David C. Kreines Brian LaskeyA concise reference to the enormous store of information Oracle8 or Oracle7 DBAs need every day, Oracle Database Administrationcovers DBA tasks like installation, tuning, backups, networking, auditing, and query optimization. It's also a set of quick references on initialization parameters, SQL statements, data dictionary tables, system privileges, roles, and syntax for SQL*Plus, Export, Import, and SQL*Loader.
Oracle Data Dictionary Pocket Reference
by David C. Kreines<p><i>Oracle Data Dictionary Pocket Reference</i> gives DBAs and developers at any level quick and easy access to the data dictionary in Oracle's latest database, Oracle9i. This pocket-sized book provides a complete list of the most commonly used tables and views in the Oracle9i data dictionary, intelligently arranged for quick reference. It also includes column names and descriptions for each of the tables and views, as well as helpful tips, warnings, and usage examples. When you've reached a sticking point in your work and want to check your facts quickly, the <i>Oracle Data Dictionary Pocket Reference</i> is the book to have close by.</p>
Oracle Data Dictionary Pocket Reference: Views, Columns & Tips
by David C. KreinesIf you work with Oracle, then you don't need to be told that the data dictionary is large and complex, and grows larger with each new Oracle release. It's one of the basic elements of the Oracle database you interact with regularly, but the sheer number of tables and views makes it difficult to remember which view you need, much less the name of the specific column. Want to make it simpler? The Oracle Data Dictionary Pocket Reference puts all the information you need right at your fingertips. Its handy and compact format lets you locate the table and view you need effortlessly without stopping to interrupt your workOracle Data Dictionary Pocket Reference gives DBAs and developers at any level quick and easy access to the data dictionary in Oracle's latest database, Oracle9i. This pocket-sized book provides a complete list of the most commonly used tables and views in the Oracle9i data dictionary, intelligently arranged for quick reference. It also includes column names and descriptions for each of the tables and views, as well as helpful tips, warnings, and usage examples.O'Reilly's Pocket References have become a favorite among developers and database administrators everywhere. By providing a wealth of important details in a concise, well-organized format, these handy books deliver just what you need to complete the task at hand. When you've reached a sticking point in your work and want to check your facts quickly, the Oracle Data Dictionary Pocket Reference is the book to have close by.
Oracle SQL: The Essential Reference
by David C. KreinesEverything Oracle developers and DBAs need to know about standard SQL (Structured Query Language) and Oracle's extensions to it is in this single, concise reference volume. Quick-reference chapters investigate basic SQL elements, Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML), SQL functions, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus, and Oracle SQL optimization and tuning. The book covers Oracle8 i, release 8.1.6.
Systems, Software and Services Process Improvement
by Christian Kreiner Rory V. O'Connor Alexander Poth Richard MessnarzThis volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st EuroSPI conference, held in Luxembourg, in June 2014. The 18 revised papers presented together with 11 invited papers in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected. They are organized in topical sections on SPI and very small entities; process improvement frameworks; testing and improvement issues; SPI and people issues; SPI and quality issues; software processes in various contexts. The volume also contains selected keynote papers from EuroSPI workshops and invited papers covering the topic of creating environments supporting innovation and improvement.
Using SQLite: Small. Fast. Reliable. Choose Any Three. (O'reilly Ser.)
by Jay A. KreibichApplication developers, take note: databases aren't just for the IS group any more. You can build database-backed applications for the desktop, Web, embedded systems, or operating systems without linking to heavy-duty client-server databases such as Oracle and MySQL. This book shows you how to use SQLite, a small and lightweight relational database engine that you can build directly into your application. With SQLite, you'll discover how to develop a database-backed application that remains manageable in size and complexity. This book guides you every step of the way. You'll get a crash course in data modeling, become familiar with SQLite's dialect of the SQL database language, and much more. Learn how to maintain localized storage in a single file that requires no configuration Build your own SQLite library or use a precompiled distribution in your application Get a primer on SQL, and learn how to use several language functions and extensions Work with SQLite using a scripting language or a C-based language such as C# or Objective-C Understand the basics of database design, and learn how to transfer what you already know to SQLite Take advantage of virtual tables and modules "Complex SQL concepts explained clearly." --D. Richard Hipp, creator of SQLite
Combinatorial Algorithms: Generation, Enumeration, and Search (Discrete Mathematics And Its Applications Ser. #7)
by Donald L. Kreher Douglas R. StinsonThis textbook thoroughly outlines combinatorial algorithms for generation, enumeration, and search. Topics include backtracking and heuristic search methods applied to various combinatorial structures, such as:CombinationsPermutationsGraphsDesignsMany classical areas are covered as well as new research topics not included in most existing texts, such as:Group algorithmsGraph isomorphismHill-climbingHeuristic search algorithmsThis work serves as an exceptional textbook for a modern course in combinatorial algorithms, providing a unified and focused collection of recent topics of interest in the area. The authors, synthesizing material that can only be found scattered through many different sources, introduce the most important combinatorial algorithmic techniques - thus creating an accessible, comprehensive text that students of mathematics, electrical engineering, and computer science can understand without needing a prior course on combinatorics.
Was geht mich die Physik an?: Physikalisch denken in Gesellschaft, Politik und Management.
by Reiner KreePolitische Themen mit wissenschaftlichem Bezug werden medial immer präsenter. In Talkshows, Zeitungen und politischen Beratungsgremien finden oft Expertinnen und Experten mit Physikausbildung Gehör. Egal, ob es um Klimawandel, Finanzmarktcrashs, Pandemiepolitik oder erneuerbare Energien geht: wir müssen den Aussagen dieser Expertinnen und Experten blind vertrauen, wenn wir selbst kein Fachwissen besitzen. In diesem Buch werden physikalische Grundlagen hinter gesellschaftlich relevanten Themen auf eine allgemeinverständliche Weise erklärt. Dabei geht es vor allem darum, die für die Physik typischen Denkweisen klar zu machen. Auf welchen Grundlagen (Mechanik, Elektrodynamik, Quantentheorie, Feldtheorien, Relativitätstheorien, Statistische Physik) beruhen eigentlich physikalische Aussagen? Wie sind diese Grundlagen entstanden? Wie erstellt man in der Physik Modelle zur Beschreibung komplexer Themen? Was ist „Wahrheit" in Wissenschaften? Wie ist das Verhältnis von Modellen zur Wirklichkeit? Beim Beantworten dieser und vieler weiterer Fragen hat der Autor darauf geachtet, nur Mathematik vorauszusetzen, die das Niveau der Mittelstufe nicht überschreitet. Der vorliegende Band richtet sich an alle, die für Entscheidungen und Urteile ein einfaches aber solides Verständnis des physikalischen Denkens suchen: sei es im Alltag, in Unternehmen oder in der Politik.
Agile Portfolio Management
by Jochen KrebsAgile development processes foster better collaboration, innovation, and results. So why limit their use to software projects--when you can transform your entire business? Written by agile-mentoring expert Jochen Krebs, this book illuminates the opportunities--and rewards--of applying agile processes to your overall IT portfolio. Whether project manager, business analyst, or executive--you'll understand the business drivers behind agile portfolio management. And learn best practices for optimizing results. Use agile processes to align IT and business strategy Adapt and extend core agile processes Orchestrate the collaboration between IT and business vision Eliminate wish-list driven requirements, and manage expectations instead Optimize the balance of projects, resources, and assets in your portfolio Use metrics to communicate project status, quality, even team morale Create a portfolio strategy consistent with the goals of the organization Achieve organizational and process transparency Manage your business with agility--and help maximize the returns!
Datenanonymisierung im Kontext von Künstlicher Intelligenz und Big Data: Grundlagen – Elementare Techniken – Anwendung
by Heinz-Adalbert Krebs Patricia HagenweilerDie fortschreitende Digitalisierung, die immer höhere Verfügbarkeit des Internets in Echtzeit sowie die progressive Entwicklung der IT ermöglichen es Unternehmen und Organisationen, Daten in einem nie zuvor dagewesenen Umfang zu erzeugen und zu verarbeiten, wodurch sie einen enormen Stellen- und Marktwert erhalten haben. Zudem kann mithilfe der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) das in den Daten enthaltene Wissen extrahiert werden. Oft handelt es sich dabei um gesammelte Daten von Personen, mit denen Vorhersagen über verschiedene Aspekte der Personen getroffen werden können.Das Buch befasst sich mit der Anonymisierung im Kontext der KI und Big Data. Dazu werden die wesentlichen Grundlagen dargestellt sowie pseudonymisierte und anonymisierte Daten mit Personenbezug im Rahmen der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) und des Bundesdatenschutzgesetzes (BDSG) beleuchtet. Es werden Möglichkeiten zur Pseudonymisierung, zu den jeweiligen Techniken und Verfahren der Anonymisierung sowie entsprechende Risikobetrachtungen behandelt. Abschließend wird die Vorgehensweise der Anonymisierung aus rechtlicher und technischer Sicht unter Anwendung entsprechender Software behandelt.
Energy Resilience and Climate Protection: Energy systems, critical infrastructures, and sustainability goals
by Heinz-Adalbert Krebs Patricia HagenweilerThe increasingly interconnected, fast-moving, unmanageable and unpredictable world brings with it an unprecedented variety of known and as yet unknown challenges and risks. Some of the global risks have a direct impact on critical infrastructures as well as those of energy supply in particular. A high level of functionality of critical infrastructures (CRITIS), which include the sectors of energy, information technology and telecommunications, transportation and traffic, health, water, food, finance and insurance, government and administration, as well as media and culture, is indispensable for a modern industrial society. In the context of the Corona crisis of 2020/2021, the worldwide inadequate preparation for pandemics became obvious, although the probability of epidemic outbreaks and their global spread has increased significantly in recent decades and was thus predictable to a certain extent. Moreover, it has been shown that in a globally interconnected world, complex crisis phenomena can mutually amplify and thus escalate within a short period of time. In particular, the deficits in preparedness for major risks that became apparent in the course of the Corona pandemic cannot be managed by nation states alone, especially since the probability of such events has risen continuously in recent decades and will continue to increase with growing globalization and urbanization and, in particular, as a result of climate change and its consequences. This publication addresses the challenges of energy resilience and climate protection, which will require immense attention in the future.
The Genius Hour Guidebook: Fostering Passion, Wonder, and Inquiry in the Classroom
by Denise Krebs Gallit ZviPromote your students&’ creativity and get them excited about learning! In the second edition of this popular, practical book, authors Denise Krebs and Gallit Zvi show you how to implement Genius Hour, a time when students can develop their own inquiry-based projects around their passions and take ownership of their work. Brought to you by MiddleWeb and Routledge Eye On Education, the book takes you step-by-step through planning and teaching Genius Hour. You&’ll learn how to guide your students as they: ● inspire learning and brainstorm wonders; ● develop inquiry questions based on their interests; ● conduct research and experiments about their topic of choice; ● create presentations to teach their fellow students in creative ways; and ● present their finished product for a final assessment. This edition includes new chapters on managing your classroom projects and recommended books. Throughout the book you will find voices from the Genius Hour community sharing real life stories and inspiration. Appendices contain handy FAQs and ready-made lessons and resources. In addition, a companion website, www.geniushourguide.org, offers bonus materials and regular updates to support you as you implement Genius Hour in your own classroom.
Spam Nation: The Inside Story of Organized Cybercrime—from Global Epidemic to Your Front Door
by Brian KrebsA New York Times bestseller and winner of a 2015 Prose Award!There is a threat lurking online. A secret war with the power to destroy your finances, steal your personal data, and endanger your life.In Spam Nation, investigative journalist and cybersecurity expert Brian Krebs unmasks the criminal masterminds driving some of the biggest spam and hacker operations targeting Americans and their bank accounts. Tracing the rise, fall, and alarming resurrection of the digital mafia behind the two largest spam pharmacies—and countless viruses, phishing, and spyware attacks—he delivers the first definitive narrative of the global spam problem and its threat to consumers everywhere.Blending cutting-edge research, investigative reporting, and firsthand interviews, this terrifying true story reveals how we unwittingly invite these digital thieves into our lives every day. From unassuming computer programmers right next door to digital mobsters like "Cosma"—who unleashed a massive malware attack that has stolen thousands of Americans' logins and passwords—Krebs uncovers the shocking lengths to which these people will go to profit from our data and our wallets.Not only are hundreds of thousands of Americans exposing themselves to fraud and dangerously toxic products from rogue online pharmacies, but even those who never open junk messages are at risk. As Krebs notes, spammers can—and do—hack into accounts through these emails, harvest personal information like usernames and passwords, and sell them on the digital black market. The fallout from this global epidemic doesn't just cost consumers and companies billions, it costs lives too.Fast-paced and utterly gripping, Spam Nation ultimately proposes concrete solutions for protecting ourselves online and stemming this tidal wave of cybercrime—before it's too late."Krebs's talent for exposing the weaknesses in online security has earned him respect in the IT business and loathing among cybercriminals… His track record of scoops...has helped him become the rare blogger who supports himself on the strength of his reputation for hard-nosed reporting." —Bloomberg Businessweek
Einführung in das Informationsmanagement (Springer-Lehrbuch)
by Helmut KrcmarInformationsgesellschaft, Information als Wettbewerbsfaktor, Informationsflut: Diese Stichworte verdeutlichen die unternehmerische und gesellschaftliche Bedeutung von Informationen. Doch nicht nur Information allein, sondern auch die Systeme, die Informationen verarbeiten, speichern und übertragen sowie die Technologien, auf denen sie beruhen, verdienen Aufmerksamkeit. Informationsmanagement hat die Aufgabe, den im Hinblick auf das Unternehmensziel bestmöglichen Einsatz der Ressource Information zu gewährleisten. Es zählt zu den wesentlichen Bestandteilen heutiger Unternehmensführung. Das Lehrbuch vermittelt in 13 Einheiten die Grundlagen des Informationsmanagements. Dabei werden neben den Managementaufgaben der Informationswirtschaft, der Systeme und der Technologien auch ausgewählte Führungsaufgaben des Informationsmanagementsbehandelt. Jede Lehreinheit beginnt mit einem Überblick über die behandelten Themen und schließt mit einer Zusammenfassung sowie Aufgaben zur Wiederholung ab. So richtet sich dieses Buch insbesondere an Bachelorstudenten in den Fächern Wirtschaftsinformatik, BWL und Informatik.
Oracle Primavera P6 Version 8: Project and Portfolio Management
by Elaine Britt Krazer Daniel WilliamsThis book is written in simple, easy to understand format with lots of screenshots and step-by-step explanations. If you are a Project manager or a consultant, who wants to master the core concepts of Primavera P6 and the new features associated with version 8, then this is the best guide for you. This book assumes that you have a fundamental knowledge of working in the Primavera P6 environment.
Selling on Amazon For Dummies
by Joseph Kraynak Deniz OlmezSell on Amazon and Make Them Do the Heavy Lifting Selling on Amazon has become one of the most popular ways to earn income online. In fact, there are over 2 million people selling on Amazon worldwide. Amazon allows any business, no matter how small, to get their products in front of millions of customers and take advantage of the largest fulfillment network in the world. It also allows businesses to leverage their first-class customer service and storage capabilities. Selling on Amazon For Dummies walks owners through the process of building a business on Amazon—a business that can be built almost anywhere in the world, as long as you have access to a computer and the internet. The basics of selling on Amazon Using FBA Getting started Deciding what to sell Conducting product research Finding your way around Seller Central Product sourcing, shipping and returns, Amazon subscription, fees, sales tax, and more How to earn ROIs (Returns on Your Investments) Selling on Amazon provides the strategies, tools, and education you need, including turnkey solutions focused on sales, marketing, branding, and marketplace development to analyze and maximize opportunities.
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Facebook, 3rd Edition: Stay on Top of the Latest Changes with This Up-to-Date Edition
by Joe Kraynak Mikal E. BelicoveFacebook is by far the most popular social networking site, but it is not as user-friendly as the service would like people to think. It leaves many users scratching their heads over even the most fundamental features, such as the difference between their Wall and their News Feed. And Facebook's help system is woefully inadequate. The Complete Idiot's Guide® to Facebook, Third Edition, gets readers registered and touring Facebook in the very first chapter and never lets up as it reveals the features that have made Facebook so amazingly popular. Users discover how to:- Flesh out and protect the all new personal profile- Track down long lost friends, family members, and classmates- Communicate via status updates, email, and chat- Share photos and video- Make the best use of the new Timeline feature- Take advantage of Facebook's new location-based functionality- Schedule real world get-togethers and send out invitations- Share common interests in groups- Play games- Understand Facebook's dizzying array of privacy options that dictate who sees one's content- Buy and sell stuff in the Facebook Marketplace, and more.Readers also learn how to tap the power of Facebook for more than simply personal use-such as personal branding; marketing a business, product, service, or non profit; or promoting a worthy cause.