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Norwegisch lernen in 15 Minuten am Tag für Dummies (Für Dummies)
by Martin SchmidtNur ein Viertelstündchen Norwegisch am Tag Sie wollen Norwegisch lernen, aber der Gedanke, stundenlang Vokabeln und Grammatik zu pauken, schreckt Sie ab? Dann ist dieses Buch genau das Richtige für Sie! In kurzen, auf 15 Minuten pro Tag begrenzten Lektionen bringt es Ihnen auf unterhaltsame Weise die norwegische Sprache näher. So erfahren Sie im Handumdrehen alles Wichtige über Grammatik, Aussprache und übliche Redewendungen. Durch regelmäßige Wiederholungsfragen können Sie Ihr Wissen testen und mithilfe des zum Download verfügbaren Audiomaterials auch die Aussprache üben. Nach nur drei Monaten beherrschen Sie die Grundlagen spielend. Sie erfahren Wie Sie in jeder Situation die richtigen Worte finden Mit welchen Redewendungen Sie brillieren Welche Wörter Sie nicht verwechseln sollten Wie Sie das Norwegische richtig aussprechen
A Notional Analysis of Chinese Academic Discourse on China: Centennial Reflection on China’s Revolutionary Road (Routledge Studies in Chinese Discourse Analysis)
by Weixiao WeiNotional Analysis of Chinese Academic Discourse on China presents an executive summary of Chinese academic discourse about China’s progress and achievements in the past one hundred years. Using a scientometric method to analyze bibliographic records retrieved from the largest library database in China on aspects of Chinese Studies, this book offers an insider’s view regarding social, cultural, historical and political aspects of China that have never been systematically published in English before. This book first follows a quantitative approach using bibliometric analysis to identify keywords in the Chinese academic works about China in conceptual clusters for the past hundred years. Then a qualitative method is adopted to select significant and representative discourses within each conceptual cluster. By helping to establish two-way communication and facilitate mutual understanding, this book holds great potential for helping to resolve conflict and promoting peace. This book offers an eye-opening experience for anyone studying or researching Chinese Studies, including related subjects such as Chinese language, culture and education, or a broader subject within global politics, economy, sociology and culture, which acknowledges China as a major player in the field.
Nouns and Verbs in Chinese II: Consequences and Prospects (ISSN)
by Shen JiaxuanAs the second volume of a two-volume set that re-examines nouns and verbs in Chinese, this book investigates a wide range of linguistic phenomena in Chinese and other languages to substantiate the verbs-as-nouns theory proposed by the author.In an attempt to break free from the shackles of Western linguistic paradigms, which are largely based on Indo-European languages and to a great extent inappropriate for Chinese, the two-volume set unravels the different relationships between nouns and verbs in Chinese, English, and other languages. This volume begins by looking at the problematic issues surrounding complements and adverbials in Chinese in order to explain the multifunctional nature of Chinese word classes. It then makes extensive use of evidence from other languages to explore the typology and evolution of word classes, as well as the cultural roots underlying the distinction between indicative and non-indicative negation in Chinese. In addition, it elucidates the significance and functions of monosyllabic and disyllabic combinations and the phenomenon of markedness reversal, shedding light on the subjectivity of the Chinese word class system.The volume is an important contribution to the study of Chinese linguistics, Chinese grammar, and contrastive linguistics.
Online Chinese Learning: Exploring Effective Language Learning Strategies (Routledge Studies in Chinese as a Foreign Language)
by Lijuan ChenOnline Chinese Learning aims to investigate the types of language learning strategies (LLSs) that online Chinese learners use across asynchronous and synchronous learning environments in different learning contexts.This book examines how the use of language learning strategies by online Chinese learners is influenced by the interactants; the characteristics of the specific learning context; and selected individual learner characteristics. This book will provide: (1) new and detailed information about students’ LLS use in online Chinese learning; (2) insights into how individual students adopt LLSs and technological tools to solve learning problems in various learning contexts; (3) an exploration of factors influencing LLS use; and (4) recommendations regarding LLS adoption, use, and training.This book will be a valuable resource for university instructors in languages, language teaching methods, and second language acquisition, as well as researchers in languages, linguistics, and language learning and teaching.
Overhauling Learning for Multilingual Students: An Approach for Achieving Pedagogical Justice
by Jeff ZwiersAdopt a strengths-based, justice-centered approach to teaching multilinguals Offering educators a path to pedagogical justice for multilingual learners, Overhauling Learning for Multilingual Students outlines a comprehensive alternative model for instruction and assessment. With an emphasis on engaging multilingual learners in authentic communication and promoting student agency and creativity, this book is an urgent call-to-action for educators at all levels to value and leverage the many assets that multilingual students bring to every classroom. The book outlines six dimensions of pedagogical justice and offers practical strategies to implement a learner-centered approach that will help all students thrive. Additional features include: An assets-based framework designed to help multilingual learners learn and grow Guidance for shifting instructional strategies away from remediation and test preparation toward an engaging, justice-centered approach Activities to to help students collaboratively build up unique and important ideas (claims and concepts) across disciplines Written by scholar, practitioner, and best-selling author, Jeff Zwiers, Overhauling Learning for Multilingual Students supports educators to de-think and rethink traditional one-size-fits-all approaches to teaching and assessing multilingual learners.
Overhauling Learning for Multilingual Students: An Approach for Achieving Pedagogical Justice
by Jeff ZwiersAdopt a strengths-based, justice-centered approach to teaching multilinguals Offering educators a path to pedagogical justice for multilingual learners, Overhauling Learning for Multilingual Students outlines a comprehensive alternative model for instruction and assessment. With an emphasis on engaging multilingual learners in authentic communication and promoting student agency and creativity, this book is an urgent call-to-action for educators at all levels to value and leverage the many assets that multilingual students bring to every classroom. The book outlines six dimensions of pedagogical justice and offers practical strategies to implement a learner-centered approach that will help all students thrive. Additional features include: An assets-based framework designed to help multilingual learners learn and grow Guidance for shifting instructional strategies away from remediation and test preparation toward an engaging, justice-centered approach Activities to to help students collaboratively build up unique and important ideas (claims and concepts) across disciplines Written by scholar, practitioner, and best-selling author, Jeff Zwiers, Overhauling Learning for Multilingual Students supports educators to de-think and rethink traditional one-size-fits-all approaches to teaching and assessing multilingual learners.
Penguin Readers Level 3: Alice Through the Looking Glass
by Lewis CarrollPenguin Readers is an ELT graded reader series for learners of English as a foreign language. With carefully adapted text, new illustrations and language learning exercises, the print edition also includes instructions to access supporting material online.Titles include popular classics, exciting contemporary fiction, and thought-provoking non-fiction, introducing language learners to bestselling authors and compelling content.The eight levels of Penguin Readers follow the Common European Framework of Reference for language learning (CEFR). Exercises at the back of each Reader help language learners to practise grammar, vocabulary, and key exam skills. Before, during and after-reading questions test readers' story comprehension and develop vocabulary.Alice Through the Looking Glass, a Level 3 Reader, is A2 in the CEFR framework. The text is made up of sentences with up to three clauses, introducing first conditional, past continuous and present perfect simple for general experience. It is well supported by illustrations, which appear on most pages.Alice is playing with her kitten when she begins to feel tired. Suddenly the looking-glass moves and changes color. Alice steps through the glass into a magic world. It is even stranger than Wonderland... what might she find there?Visit the Penguin Readers websiteExclusively with the print edition, readers can unlock online resources including a digital book, audio edition, lesson plans and answer keys.
Penguin Readers Level 4: Les Misérables (ELT Graded Reader)
by Victor HugoPenguin Readers is an ELT graded reader series for learners of English as a foreign language. With carefully adapted text, new illustrations and language learning exercises, the print edition also includes instructions to access supporting material online.Titles include popular classics, exciting contemporary fiction, and thought-provoking non-fiction, introducing language learners to bestselling authors and compelling content.The eight levels of Penguin Readers follow the Common European Framework of Reference for language learning (CEFR). Exercises at the back of each Reader help language learners to practise grammar, vocabulary, and key exam skills. Before, during and after-reading questions test readers' story comprehension and develop vocabulary.Les Misérables, a Level 4 Reader, is A2+ in the CEFR framework. The text is made up of sentences with up to three clauses, introducing more complex uses of present perfect simple, passives, phrasal verbs and simple relative clauses. It is well supported by illustrations, which appear regularly.In nineteenth-century France, life was hard for many people. Victor Hugo's famous book tells the story of Jean Valjean, who spends 19 years in prison for stealing bread. When Valjean leaves prison he starts a business and tries to become a better man, but Javert the policeman will do anything to stop him.Visit the Penguin Readers websiteExclusively with the print edition, readers can unlock online resources including a digital book, audio edition, lesson plans and answer keys.
Phonemes, Graphemes and Democracy: The Significance of Accuracy in the Orthographical Development of isiXhosa
by Zandisile W. Saul Rudolph BothaThis book provides comprehensive guidelines on important aspects of isiXhosa orthography such as word division, spelling and capitalisation. Authors’ primary focus has been those challenging areas of standardisation which have not yet been attended to. The book makes an important contribution to the development of isiXhosa into a fully functional medium of teaching and learning in Higher Education, and facilitate the enhancement of its status as one of South Africa’s official languages.Print editions not for sale in Sub-Saharan Africa
Postcolonial Challenges to Theory and Practice in ELT and TESOL: Geopolitics of Knowledge and Epistemologies of the South (Global South Perspectives on TESOL)
by Hamza R'boulDrawing on the underrepresentation of the Global South in global knowledge production with a focus on the existing inequalities, the book highlights the importance of postcolonial narratives in Global Southern epistemologies in ELT and TESOL. Chapters consider the epistemological landscapes of these fields, their dedication to English teaching and English-related topics, and the intersection of the coloniality of language and the supremacy of English worldwide. The book explores the type of discussion that is needed to advance a more nuanced understanding of sociopolitical circumstances and how they shape our academic practices and theorizations of ELT and TESOL. In doing so, chapters examine the current geopolitics of knowledge that is found in journal publishing, citing how it favours the Global North, and further exploring ways of decolonizing language practices, teaching approaches and research cultures. Calling for greater visibility and recognition of Southern ways of knowing within ELT and TESOL practice and research, the book will be essential reading for scholars, researchers and students of TESOL, ELT, applied linguistics and multilingualism.
Representation, Inclusion and Social Justice in World Language Teaching: Research and Pedagogy for Inclusive Classrooms
by Lillie Padilla Rosti VanaThis volume introduces teaching methodologies for improving and incorporating representation, inclusion and social justice perspectives in the world language curriculum. Chapters present state-of-the-art research and cover many different language contexts, including French, Spanish, Mandarin, and Portuguese. Authors discuss difficult and hot topics, such as Critical Language Awareness, Critical Race Theory, non-binary language use in gendered languages, culturally sustaining curriculum, teaching heritage language speakers, and more. Ideal for graduate courses, students, and scholars in world language education, the volume offers new pathways and strategies for promoting diversity and equity in the classroom.
Research on English Language Teaching and Learning in the Middle East and North Africa (Global Research on Teaching and Learning English)
by Kathleen M. Bailey David NunanThe tenth volume in the TIRF-Routledge series, this book features research on the teaching and learning of English in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). With chapters written by TIRF Doctoral Dissertation Grant awardees and internationally known scholars, the volume addresses contemporary challenges and considerations to teaching English in the MENA context. With empirical research covering a wide range of under-studied contexts, this book provides important insights and future directions to improve research and instruction. Offering up-to-date research at the primary, secondary, and post-secondary levels, this volume is an essential resource for language education programs and pre-service teachers.
Research on English Language Teaching and Learning in the Middle East and North Africa (Global Research on Teaching and Learning English)
by Kathleen M. Bailey David NunanThe tenth volume in the TIRF-Routledge series, this book features research on the teaching and learning of English in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). With chapters written by TIRF Doctoral Dissertation Grant awardees and internationally known scholars, the volume addresses contemporary challenges and considerations to teaching English in the MENA context. With empirical research covering a wide range of under-studied contexts, this book provides important insights and future directions to improve research and instruction. Offering up-to-date research at the primary, secondary, and post-secondary levels, this volume is an essential resource for language education programs and pre-service teachers.Chapter 7 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
The Rise of Conference Interpreting in China: Insiders' Accounts (Routledge Studies in East Asian Interpreting)
by Irene A. Zhang Riccardo MorattoIn this landmark project, Professor Zhang and Professor Moratto piece together the history of how conference interpreting developed as a profession in China after the reform and opening up of the late 1970s. Based on interviews with the alumni of the early efforts to develop conference interpreting capabilities between Chinese and English (and French), the authors illuminate the international programs and relationships which were instrumental in bringing this about. While paying tribute to the earliest interpreters who interpreted for the first-generation CPC leaders including Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping, they track key cooperative projects between Chinese ministries and both the United Nations and European Union, as well as China’s domestic efforts, which developed into today’s formal programs at major universities. An essential resource for scholars and students of conference interpreting in China, alongside its sister volume Conference Interpreting in China: Practice, Training and Research.
The Routledge Companion to Performance-Related Concepts in Non-European Languages (ISSN)
by Erika Fischer-Lichte Torsten Jost Astrid SchenkaInvestigating more than 70 key concepts relating to the performing arts in more than six non-European languages, this volume provides a groundbreaking research tool and one-of-a-kind reference source for theatre, performance and dance studies worldwide.The Companion features in-depth explorations of and expert introductions to a select number of performance-related key concepts in Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Yorùbá as well as the Indian languages Sanskrit, Hindi and Tamil. Key concepts—such as Furǧa فرجة in Arabic, for example, or Jiadingxing 假定性 in Chinese, Gei 芸 in Japanese, Ìparadà in Yorùbá and Imyeon 이면 in Korean—that defy easy translation from one language to another (and especially into English as the world’s lingua franca) and that reflect culturally specific ways of thinking and talking about the performing arts are thoroughly examined in in-depth articles. Written by more than 60 distinguished scholars from around the globe, the articles describe in detail each concept’s dynamic history, its flexible scope of meaning and current range of usage. The Companion also includes extensive introductions to each language section, in which internationally renowned experts explain how the presented key concepts are situated within, and are constitutive of, distinct and dynamic epistemic systems that have different yet always interlinked histories and orientations. Offers a fascinating insight into the unique histories, characteristics, and orientations of linguistically and culturally distinct epistemic systems related to the performative arts Contains extensive cross-references and bibliographies An invaluable research tool and one-of-a-kind reference source for scholars and students worldwide and across the humanities, especially in the fields of theatre, performance, dance, translation, area and cultural studies An accessible handbook for everybody interested in performance cultures and performance-related knowledge systems existing in the world today. This volume provides an invaluable research tool and one-of-a-kind reference source for scholars and students worldwide and across the humanities, especially in the fields of theatre, performance, dance, translation and area studies, history (of science and the humanities) and cultural studies.
Routledge Encyclopedia of Technology and the Humanities
by Chan Sin-Wai Mak Kin-Wah Leung Sze MingRoutledge Encyclopedia of Technology and the Humanities is a pioneer attempt to introduce a wide range of disciplines in the emerging field of techno-humanities to the English-reading world.This book covers topics such as archaeology, cultural heritage, design, fashion, linguistics, music, philosophy, and translation. It has 20 chapters, contributed by 26 local and international scholars. Each chapter has its own theme and addresses issues of significant interest in the respective disciplines. References are provided at the end of each chapter for further exploration into the literature of the relevant areas. To facilitate an easy reading of the information presented in this volume, chapters have been arranged according to the alphabetical order of the topics covered.This Encyclopedia will appeal to researchers and professionals in the field of technology and the humanities, and can be used by undergraduate and graduate students studying the humanities.
The Routledge Handbook of Chinese Language and Culture (Routledge Language Handbooks)
by Liwei Jiao Victor H. Mair William Shiyuan WangThe Routledge Handbook of Chinese Language and Culture represents the first English anthology that delves into the fascinating and thought-provoking relationship between the Chinese language and culture, exploring various macro and micro perspectives.Chinese culture boasts a history of ten thousand years, while the Chinese language’s recorded history spans at least three thousand years, dating back to the Shang dynasty oracle bone inscriptions (OBI).This handbook is comprised of 17 chapters from 18 scholars including Victor Mair and William S-Y. Wang. Many chapters approach their respective topics with a comprehensive and historical outlook. Certain extensive subjects are addressed in multiple chapters, complementing one another. These topics include: The languages and peoples of China, and the southern Chinese dialects Mandarin’s evolution into a national language and its related writing reforms Language as a propaganda tool in the Cultural Revolution and in contemporary China Chinese idioms and colloquialisms This book offers an approachable exploration of the subject, appealing to both specialists and enthusiasts of the Chinese language and culture.
The Routledge Handbook of English-Medium Instruction in Higher Education (Routledge Handbooks in Linguistics)
by Kingsley Bolton Werner Botha Benedict LinThis Handbook discusses the theoretical and disciplinary background to the study of English-medium instruction (EMI) in higher education worldwide. It highlights issues relating to EMI pedagogy, varying motivations for EMI education, and the delivery of EMI in diverse contexts across the world. The spread of English as a teaching medium and the lingua franca of the academic world has been the subject of various debates in recent years on the perceived hegemony of the English language and the ‘domain loss’ of non-English languages in academic communication. Encompassing a wide range of contributions to the field of EMI, the chapters of this Handbook are arranged in four distinct parts: Part I provides an overview of English-medium instruction in higher education worldwide; Part II focusses on EMI in Europe; Part III on EMI in the Middle East, North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa; and Part IV on EMI in the Asian region. The overall scope and level of expertise of this Handbook provides an unrivalled overview of this field of education. It serves as an essential reference for many courses dealing with applied linguistics, English language education, multilingualism, sociolinguistics, and related subjects at many levels of education, including Master’s and PhD-level studies. This Handbook serves as a valuable edition for university libraries across the world and an essential read for many faculty, undergraduate and postgraduate students, educators, and policymakers.
The Routledge Handbook of Korean Interpreting (Routledge Handbooks in Translation and Interpreting Studies)
by Riccardo Moratto Hyang-Ok LimProfessor Riccardo Moratto and Professor Hyang-Ok Lim bring together the most authoritative voices on Korean interpreting. The first graduate school of interpretation and translation was established in 1979 in South Korea. Since then, not only has the interpretation and translation market grown exponentially, but so too has research in translation studies. Though the major portion of research focuses on translation, interpretation has not only managed to hold its own, but interpretation studies in Korea have been a pioneer in this field in Asia. This handbook highlights the main interpretation research trends in South Korea today, including case studies of remote interpreting during the Covid-19 pandemic, Korean interpreting for conferences, events, and diplomacy, and research into educating interpreters effectively. An essential resource for researchers in Korean interpreting, this handbook will also be very valuable to those working with other East Asian languages.
The Routledge Handbook of Language and Mind Engineering
by Chris Shei James SchnellThe Routledge Handbook of Language and Mind Engineering is a comprehensive work that delves into the complex interplay between language, culture, politics, and media in shaping the human mind.The book is divided into five main sections, each exploring different aspects of mind engineering: I. Political Mind Engineering; II. Commercial Mind Engineering; III. Media, Culture, and Mind Engineering; IV. Linguistic and Semiotic Analysis of Mind Engineering; V. Mind Engineering in Educational Settings.The book provides a multi-dimensional perspective on how language, media, culture, and politics intersect to shape individuals' thoughts and beliefs. It highlights the diverse methods and contexts in which mind engineering occurs, making it a valuable resource for scholars, researchers, and policymakers interested in understanding the complexities of contemporary discourse and manipulation of human thought.The contents of this cutting-edge handbook will engage all undergraduate, postgraduate, PhD students and scholars, and researchers at all levels, in fields such as languages, linguistics, politics, communication studies, media studies, and psychology.Chapter 15 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) International license.Chapter 17 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution‑Non Commercial‑No Derivatives (CC‑BY‑NC‑ND) 4.0 license.Chapter 18 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Rural Literacy Sponsorship Networks: Piloting Mixed-Methods Mapping for Small Communities
by Amy McCleese NicholsThis text provides an in-depth exploration of rural community literacy, examining the ways in which community-building, social networks, time, race, and politics interplay.Mapping the dense literacy sponsorship network of a small rural town in the southeastern United States, Nichols offers a window into the challenges and successes of collective literacy sponsorship. Through an original mapping-focused approach, the book explores multiple social and environmental layers that construct literacy sponsorship writ large.This approach provides a novel methodological entry to rural literacies and will be key reading for rural community literacy advocates, literacy scholars, graduate students, and researchers.
Russian as a Heritage Language: From Research to Classroom Applications (Routledge Russian Language Pedagogy and Research)
by Olesya Kisselev Oksana Laleko Irina Dubinina Svetlana V. NussRussian as a Heritage Language: From Research to Classroom Applications brings together linguistically and pedagogically oriented research traditions in a comprehensive review of current Russian heritage language (HL) studies.Divided into three parts, the collection offers a variety of frameworks and approaches spanning research on HL speakers’ linguistic and pragmatic competence, literacy development, and sociocultural characteristics of Russian in diaspora. Presenting a wide range of new empirical findings, the volume explores topics at the forefront of HL studies, from assessment of HL learners’ linguistic competence and language attitudes to research on communities and institutional affordances impacting HL acquisition and maintenance. Each chapter connects current research with specific classroom applications, presenting Russian as a global language in various sociopolitical and majority-language contexts.Combining methodological rigor with theoretical insights across diverse areas of language study, Russian as a Heritage Language advances the field of HL pedagogy and serves as essential reading for HL educators and researchers as well as for linguists studying bilingualism.
Sentence Strategies for Multilingual Learners: Advancing Academic Literacy through Combinations
by Nell Scharff Panero Joanna YipThis book presents Combinations as a set of high-yield instructional strategies for advancing academic literacy for multilingual learners and all students. It discusses the strategies themselves as well as how they work to advance content and language learning simultaneously, across the grades and content areas. The book is particularly beneficial for all teachers working with linguistically and culturally diverse learners to accelerate their language and content learning. Utilizing these strategies will not only greatly improve students’ writing but also supports their critical thinking, content area reading and language comprehension skills. This book argues for utilizing Combinations with Strategic Inquiry, presenting evidence of how each amplifies the impact of the other, and how together they address many of the challenges to learning new and counter-cultural methods and to establishing school and district cultures in support of multilingual learners’ success. This book is a great resource for classroom teachers, literacy coaches and school and district administrators who want to support multilingual learners and all students to thrive.
Sentence Strategies for Multilingual Learners: Advancing Academic Literacy through Combinations
by Nell Scharff Panero Joanna YipThis book presents Combinations as a set of high-yield instructional strategies for advancing academic literacy for multilingual learners and all students. It discusses the strategies themselves as well as how they work to advance content and language learning simultaneously, across the grades and content areas.The book is particularly beneficial for all teachers working with linguistically and culturally diverse learners to accelerate their language and content learning. Utilizing these strategies will not only greatly improve students’ writing but also supports their critical thinking, content area reading and language comprehension skills. This book argues for utilizing Combinations with Strategic Inquiry, presenting evidence of how each amplifies the impact of the other, and how together they address many of the challenges to learning new and counter-cultural methods and to establishing school and district cultures in support of multilingual learners’ success.This book is a great resource for classroom teachers, literacy coaches and school and district administrators who want to support multilingual learners and all students to thrive.
Sharing Less Commonly Taught Languages in Higher Education: Collaboration and Innovation
by Emily Heidrich Uebel, Angelika Kraemer, and Luca GiupponiThis edited volume highlights how institutions, programs, and less commonly taught language (LCTL) instructors can collaborate and think across institutional boundaries, bringing together voices representing different approaches to LCTL sharing to highlight affordances and challenges across institutions in this collection of essays. Sharing Less Commonly Taught Languages in Higher Education showcases how innovation and reform can make LCTL programs and courses more attractive to students whose interests and needs might be overlooked in traditional language programs. The volume focuses on how institutions, programs, and LCTL instructors can work together, collaborating and thinking across institutional boundaries to explore innovative solutions for offering a wider range of languages and levels. With challenges including instructor isolation, difficulty in offering advanced courses or sustaining course sequences, and minimal availability of pedagogical materials compared to commonly taught languages to overcome, this collection is a vital resource for language educators and language program administrators.