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Classicism & Romanticism: with other studies in art history (Routledge Revivals)
by Frederick AntalFirst published in 1966, Classicism and Romanticism is a collection of important articles originally published in the author's famous book, Florentine Painting and its Social Background. Dr. Antal, a Hungarian by birth, was a man of the wildest culture. He studied art history in the universities of Budapest, Berlin, Paris and Vienna; thereafter, he travelled extensively in Italy, where he devoted himself to pioneering research in the history of mannerist painting. His exceptional sensitivity to the visual arts is apparent in such brilliant stylistic analyses as the essays on Netherlandish mannerism and on Girolamo da Carpi. He is known especially, however, for his application to art history of the sociological method. By returning art to its place in the general history of ideas and relating it to its economic, social, and political environment, he sought to give to the history of art a wider significance ad deeper meaning. This book will be of interest to students of art, history, literature, art history and European studies.
Locating BRICS in the Global Order: Perspectives from the Global South
by Rajan Kumar Meeta Keswani Mehra G. Venkat Raman Meenakshi SundriyalBRICS is conceivably the most formidable organisation to have emerged in the post-Cold War period in the non-Western world. This book highlights the significance of BRICS in a wider global context and foregrounds the long-pending demand for the reform of global governance institutions. The volume: • Traces how the organisation came into being and looks at the distinct norms and principles espoused by it • Discusses the glaring limitations of the existing institutions of global governance • Explores the economic growth and the rising political influence of BRICS states • Analyses the internal threats to the survival of the organisation and assesses its prospects in the foreseeable future. A significant intervention in situating BRICS as one of the major players in global governance, the book will be of great interest to students and scholars of international political economy, international business and finance, international relations, politics, and Global South Studies.
Cultural Pragmatism for US-China Relations: Breaking the Gridlock and Co-creating Our Future (Routledge-Solaris Focus on Strategy, Wisdom and Skill)
by Charles Chao Rong PhuaThe Thucydides trap and a US-China face-off are not structurally inevitable; US-China relations are what the US and China make of them. Phua focuses on the ability to see "US as US" and "China as China" to trigger both countries’ cultural tendencies towards pragmatism. Phua examines China’s arduous journey to fit in the Westphalian system, the deep cultural misunderstandings by the West of Sunzi’s The Art of War, and attempts to offer an inside-out cultural synthesis of classical and modern Chinese thought as a proxy of their operational code, beyond the standard clichés about Confucian and Daoist thought. He builds on Jervis’ perception and misperception as well as Alastair Johnston’s cultural realism. Readers will benefit from a culturally-Chinese, western-educated and politically neutral understanding of "China as China". An essential primer for academics, practitioners and students of international relations, diplomacy and Chinese culture.
Jordan: Crossroads of Middle Eastern Events (Routledge Revivals)
by Peter GubserFirst published in 1983 Jordan: Crossroads of Middle Eastern Events examines Jordan’s unique role in the Middle East- Arab- Israeli conflict focusing also on its attempt and partial success, at developing its economy and society in the face of a dearth of natural resources and a large influx of refugees. Woven throughout the narrative is the role of King Hussain, a singular Arab ruler, master player on both the Middle Eastern and world stages even though his country lacks significant assets or power in either those arenas. Peter Gubser describes Jordan’s people, culture, history, and social structure, then looks at how the country, buffeted in the tumultuous Middle East, hampered by limited internal political development, and strained by its rapid transition from a peasant, Bedouin economy to one dominated by refugee problems, has moved forward to a much sounder economy based on diversification- in agriculture, industry, mineral extraction, and services. The author argues that Jordan once almost entirely depended on the West for economic largess as well as for political support, now has major Arab sources of assistance and is reorienting its foreign policy accordingly. This is a must read for scholars and researchers of Middle East studies, Middle East history and Middle East politics.
Fuseli Studies (Routledge Revivals)
by Frederick AntalFirst published in 1956, Fuseli Studies deals with the many-sided artistic achievements of Zurich-born Fuseli’s baffling personality, who was one of the most erudite and renowned intellectuals of his day in Europe. The author’s intention has been to place his subject in clear historical perspective within his own epoch, and thus traces Fuseli’s contacts back to sixteenth-century mannerism and forward to twentieth-century expressionism. In this book, the social background of that absorbing period covering the artist’s working years at the turn of the nineteenth century is evoked not only in analysing his style, poised between classicism and romanticism of the age, but also accounting for its appeal and relevance to the present day. This book will be of interest to students of art, art history, European history, and literature.
Hogarth and his Place in European Art (Routledge Revivals)
by Frederick AntalFirst published in 1962, Hogarth and his Place in European Art attempts to convey the historical relevance, both in its native and European context, of perhaps the most outstanding English painter of the eighteenth century. Dr. Antal applies his method of establishing the close relationship between the political and social history and the arts and letters of the period. Thus, the book goes far beyond the limits of art historical appreciation. It gives a panoramic picture of the first half of the eighteenth century in England with all its social, literary, and artistic connotations. He shows how England, which during those years became both politically and economically the most advanced country in Europe, could provide in Hogarth, in spite of the slender native tradition, the most progressive artistic personality of his time – whose work revealed the views and tastes of a broad cross-section of society. He traces Hogarth’s stylistic origins back to their European sources and analyses his impact on contemporary European and English art as well as the influence he exerted on generations to come. This book will be of interest to students of art, art history, literature, and European history.
The Economics of International Trade and the Environment
by Amitrajeet A. Batabyal Hamid BeladiIssues related to environmental protection and trade liberalization have moved to the forefront of international policy agendas. The Economics of International Trade and the Environment explores - from an economic standpoint - many of the questions that are germane in increasing our knowledge of environmental policy in the presence of international
Police, Organization, and Wellbeing: An Ethnography (Routledge Studies in Policing and Society)
by Jamie FerrillBased on the study of a police organization in England, this book explores the role of social relations in the ways that people construct, mobilize, consume, and reconstruct meaning about wellbeing. Wellbeing is a powerful, institutionalized concept in police organizations across England and Wales. With the emergence of numerous policies, strategies, and practices that both explicitly and implicitly address wellbeing in the workplace, the concept has come to feature prominently. Wellbeing is addressed as an issue that needs to be understood intersubjectively by attending to the underlying social issues that shape how it is promoted or denied. After a theoretical exploration of police culture and wellbeing, the book traverses ethnographic data and captures insights from individuals across the organization’s hierarchy. It explores what individuals perceive wellbeing to mean and how they make sense of the concept. The book reveals discernible ideological-laden tensions across the hierarchy in terms of wellbeing constructions. By exploring these tensions, there is a potential to understand the constructions of wellbeing and the resultant implications for practice. This book will be of interest to academics, researchers, and students in policing, criminology, criminal justice, leadership/management, organizational behaviour, and wellbeing. Given its empirical focus and applicability to practitioners, it will also be of interest to a range of non-academics, including police officers and leaders, public servants, private organizations, policymakers, and human resources professionals.
The Spectre of Tradition and the Aesthetic-Political Movement of Theatre and Performance: An Intercultural Perspective (Routledge Advances in Theatre & Performance Studies)
by Min TianThis book interrogates anew the phenomenon of tradition in a dialogical debate with a host of Western thinkers and critical minds. In contrast to the predominantly Western approaches, which look at traditions (Western and non-Western) from a predominantly (Western) modernist perspective, this book interrogates, from an intercultural perspective, the transnational and transcultural consecration, translation, (re)invention, and displacement of traditions (theatrical and cultural) in the aesthetic-political movement of twentieth-century theatre and performance, as exemplified in the case studies of this book. It looks at the question of traditions and modernities at the centre of this aesthetic-political space, as modernities interculturally evoke and are haunted by traditions, and as traditions are interculturally refracted, reconstituted, refunctioned, and reinvented. It also looks at the applicability of its intercultural perspective on tradition to the historical avant-garde in general, postmodern, postcolonial, and postdramatic theatre and performance and to the twentieth-century "classical" intercultural theatre and the twenty-first-century "new interculturalisms" in theatre and performance. To conclude, it looks at the future of tradition in the ecology of our globalized theatrum mundi and considers two important interrelated concepts, future tradition and intercultural tradition. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars in performance studies.
Youth Unemployment Scenarios: South Africa in 2040 (Routledge Contemporary South Africa)
by Maximilian MatschkeThis book examines the factors driving youth unemployment in South Africa, exploring potential future outcomes of its mass unemployment, and offering a variety of strategies to avoid an impending crisis in the country. Utilizing scenario analysis rooted in complex systems theory while building on statistical and fi eld research, the author illustrates four possible future states of youth employment in South Africa in the year 2040. This includes the South African version of the Arab Spring, where young people riot or agitate for extreme political and social change because of a belief that access to education and jobs is only possible through social status or corruption (Spring), fair access to a high number of jobs supported by Chinese interventions (Summer), a technology- driven decline in the number of jobs where merit- based access for youth is granted (Fall), and the collapse of the economy, with the economy collapsing and youth becoming increasingly desperate (Winter). The author then presents five strategies to fight youth unemployment, including training of youth to start businesses, stimulating small- and medium- sized enterprises, and sending unemployed youth abroad for skills development and to where their labour is needed. This book will be of interest to scholars of South African politics and economics, labour economics and youth studies, and readers with an interest in tackling youth unemployment independent of the country.
Food Deserts and Food Insecurity in the UK: Exploring Social Inequality (Routledge Focus on Environment and Sustainability)
by Dianna Smith Claire ThompsonThis book examines the social inequalities relating to food insecurity in the UK, as well as drawing parallels with the US. Access to food in the UK, and especially access to healthy food, is a constant source of worry for many in this wealthy country. Crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have coincided with a steep rise in the cost of living, meaning household food insecurity has become a reality for many more households. This book introduces a new framework to examine the many influences on local-level food inequalities, whether they result from individual circumstances or where a person lives. The framework will allow researchers new to the field to consider the many influences on food security, and to support emerging research around different sub-topics of food access and food security. Providing a thorough background to two key concepts, food deserts and food insecurity, the book documents the transition from area-based framing of food resources, to approaches which focus on household food poverty and the rise of food banks. The book invites researchers to acknowledge and explore the ever changing range of place-based factors that shape experiences of food insecurity: from transport and employment to rural isolation and local politics. By proposing a new framework for food insecurity research and by drawing on real-world examples, this book will support academic and applied researchers as they work to understand and mitigate the impacts of food insecurity in local communities. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of food and nutrition security, public health, and sociology. It will also appeal to food policy professionals and policymakers who are working to address social inequalities and improve access to healthy and nutritious food for all.
Jerusalem (Routledge Revivals)
by Henry CattanFirst published in 1981, Jerusalem provides an overview of the history of Jerusalem and its crucial linkage with the peace and stability in the Middle East. Jerusalem is unique amongst all the cities of the world because of its association with three great religions. It is the spiritual and religious heritage to one half of humanity and is holy for millions of Christians, Jews, and Muslims. All three religion have a vital interest in preserving in addition to their Holy places and sanctuaries, the living presence of the adherents to their faith in the Holy City. When the Zionist movement was formed at the end of the last century, the idea of a Jewish State was conceived as an answer to anti-semitism, and the movement initially considered other countries for settlement because Jerusalem was seen as a spiritual rather than a secular home to the Jewish people. Yet since the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, Zionism has claimed Jerusalem as its own. It is obvious that neither the Palestinians, not the Arabs, nor Islam and Christianity will acquiesce in Israeli domination. This book argues that the continuation of Zionism in its present form is likely to prove perilous to peace and stability in the region. This book is an important historical read for students and scholars of Middle East studies and Middle East history.
The Arts and Humanities on Environmental and Climate Change: Broadening Approaches to Research and Public Engagement
by Sarah SuttonThe Arts and Humanities on Environmental and Climate Change examines how cultural institutions and their collections can support a goal shared with the scientific community: creating a climate-literate public that engages with environmental issues and climate change in an informed way. When researchers, curators, and educators use the arts and humanities to frame discussions about environmental and climate change, they can engage a far wider public in learning, conversation, and action than science can alone. Demonstrating that archival and object-based resources can act as vital evidence for change, Sutton shows how the historical record, paired with contemporary reality, can create more personal connections to what many consider a remote experience: the changing climate. Providing valuable examples of museum collections used in discussions of environmental and climate change, the book shares how historic images and landscape paintings demonstrate change over time; and how documentary evidence in the form of archaeological reports, ships logs, Henry David Thoreau’s journals, and local reports of pond hockey conditions are being used to render climate data more accessible. Images, personal records, and professional documents have critical roles as boundary objects and proxy data. These climate resources, Sutton argues, are valuable because they make climate change personal and attract a public less interested in a scientific approach. This approach is underused by museums and their research allies for public engagement and for building institutional relevancy. The Arts and Humanities on Environmental and Climate Change will be most interesting to readers looking for ways to broaden engagement with environmental and climate issues. The ideas shared here should also act as inspiration for a broad spectrum of practitioners, particularly those writing, designing, and curating public engagement materials in museums, for wider research, and for the media.
Supergrid and Superblock: Lessons in Urban Structure from China and Japan (Planning, History and Environment Series)
by Xiaofei ChenIn this superbly illustrated book Xiaofei Chen presents the first analysis in English of a ubiquitous East Asian urban phenomenon: the supergrid and superblock urban structure. The book opens with an introductory essay by Barrie Shelton in which he sets the scene for what is to follow, emphasizing how alien this structure was to Western urban design culture where radial patterns of development were the norm. Then, in her first chapter, Chen explains the make-up of the supergrid and superblock urban structure and its contrasting Chinese and Japanese forms. In the following three chapters she digs deep into the history, cultural origins, and underlying design philosophy of the supergrid and superblock to show how, under different cultural influences, the model has developed into two distinct forms. Two further chapters (5 and 6) provide detailed analysis of two sample superblocks in China (in Xi’an and Nanjing) and two in Japan (in Kyoto and Osaka) to reveal the relative advantages and disadvantages of how the structure is manifest in the two countries. In her conclusion she discusses her findings to show how and why the supergrid and superblock structure is a valuable urban design model which, with regional adjustments, can be used effectively in cities other than those of East Asia.
Challenging Formalization in Education and Beyond: Problems and Solutions for Traditional and Online Learning
by Peter SerdyukovChallenging Formalization in Education and Beyond addresses the effects of today’s attempts to organize knowledge, processes, and performance in education, particularly in its ever-growing digital environments. As on-site, blended, and fully online learning become deeply interdependent, secondary and higher education managers and instructors who seek to integrate, apply, and teach within these formats using standardized rules, assessments, algorithms, and accountability structures may be doing unintended harm to their students. Focusing on students’ performance, health, cognition, behavior, and learning outcomes, this book analyses how current trends, methods, and policies in formalization can be challenged and corrected to ensure high-quality education. Scholars, educators, administrators, and designers of traditional, asynchronous, precision, automated, and micro-learning formats will come away with new insights and pragmatic solutions for engaging students in more active, participatory, and creative activities.
The Irish Question: 1840-1921
by Nicholas ManserghOriginally published in 1940 but here reissuing the revised third edition of 1975, this book analyses the Irish Question. The study is not a narrative history. While the problems with which it deals have been suggested by the period it covers, it is with the problems and not the period that it is focussed on. Those problems are: the interrelation of economic and social with political forces; the impact of Irish discontent on the Liberal conversion to Home Rule; the character of the political, cultural and social forces behind revolutionary Irish nationalism; and the changing nature of the concept itself. Much attention is given to the implications of Anglo-Irish relations in the wider context of nationalist-imperial conflicts and critical studies are made of the writings of de Tocqueville, Cavour, Marx, Engels and Lenin among others on the Irish Question.
Political Ideologies: Their Origins and Impact (Mysearchlab Series 15% Off Ser.)
by Leon P. Baradat John A. PhillipsComprehensive yet accessible, this classic text, now in its thirteenth edition follows the evolution of political thought over 300 years. Organized chronologically, this text examines each ideology within a political, historical, economic, and social context. In addition to a thorough updating of examples and data, here’s what you’ll find in the new edition: Analyses of President Trump’s rollback of Obamacare, trade war with China, and changes to immigration, taxation, and environmental policy. Conservative justifications for supply-side economics and liberal rationale for drug legalization and "trigger-word" bans. Brexit’s effects on the Scottish independence movement. Resurgence of feminist protest, including the Me Too movement, alongside anarchist protest, following Trump’s election, including groups like Black Bloc and Antifa. China’s rising environmental and social problems, including unrest among its heavily controlled Uighur population. Cuba’s transfer of power from the Castros to President Díaz-Canel, and their fraught rapprochement with the U.S. Russia’s disinformation campaigns, and alternating brinksmanship and détente between Trump and North Korea’s Chairman Kim Jong-un. The ascent of the Alt-right in the U.S., and white supremacist influence on parties in the U.S. and Europe. The continuing salience of Islamism, the teetering Iran deal, and ongoing degeneration of the Arab Spring to the Islamist Winter.
Graphic Narratives and the Mythological Imagination in India
by Roma ChatterjiThis book explores graphic narratives and comics in India and demonstrates how these forms serve as sites on which myths are enacted and recast. It uses the case studies of a comics version of the Mahabharata War, a folk artist’s rendition of a comic book story, and a commercial project to re-imagine two of India’s most famous epics – the Ramayana and the Mahabharata – as science fiction and superhero tales. It discusses comic books and self-published graphic novels; bardic performance aided with painted scrolls and commercial superhero comics; myths, folklore, and science fiction; and different pictorial styles and genres of graphic narration and storytelling. It also examines the actual process of the creation of comics besides discussions with artists on the tools and location of the comics medium as well as the method and impact of translation and crossover genres in such narratives. With its clear, lucid style and rich illustrations, the book will be useful to scholars and researchers of sociology, anthropology, visual culture and media, and South Asian studies, as well as those working on art history, religion, popular culture, graphic novels, art and design, folk culture, literature, and performing arts.
Paris and the Provinces: The Politics of Local Government Reform in France (Routledge Revivals)
by Peter GourevitchFirst published in 1980, Paris and the Provinces explores why reforms of central-local relations in France have been so ineffectual. Professor Gourevitch discovers the cause in party politics and personal rivalries. The struggle for dominance among different parties (Gaullists, Communists, Socialists, Christian Democrats, Independents and others) and individuals (De Gaulle, Giscard, Chirac, Mitterand, Marchais, etc.) has influenced virtually every aspect of institutional reform, from the creation of the regional administration and delineation of its powers to the delegation of specific responsibilities to cities and towns. Conflict over the mechanisms that link local life to the national government is by no means limited to France. This book closely examines comparable events in Italy and analyses the factors that differentiate the strength of ‘ethnically’ based challenges to central authority in Britain, Spain, Belgium, Yugoslavia and Canada, from the relative weakness of such challenges in France, Italy and Germany. By evaluating the territorial distribution between the capital and the countryside as both an influence on and an object of policy, Paris and the Provinces contributes significantly to understanding the connections between party politics and policy formation and will be of interest to students of political science, government, and public policy.
British Antifascism and the Holocaust, 1945–79 (Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right)
by Joshua CohenBritish Antifascism and the Holocaust, 1945–79 explores the extent to which the Holocaust has shaped British antifascism. The author tests assertions of an uncomplicated relationship between Holocaust memory and the imperative to resist postwar fascist revivals. For those with a scholarly interest in how antifascists confront their opponents, it is essential to understand whether the Holocaust has always been seen as an insurmountable barrier against fascism: is the idea of the genocide’s constant antifascist ‘use’ actually a dangerous assumption and, if so, what are the implications of this for ‘Antifa’ as its battle with the contemporary far right unfolds? This book provides a political and structural history of the Holocaust’s relationship to antifascist organisations and questions whether networks of solidarity formed around Holocaust memory, including analysing the impact of the genocide in Jewish antifascists’ motivations and rhetoric. It also assesses the Holocaust’s political capital in wider antifascism and connected anti-racism, including in defence of the Black and Asian communities increasingly victimised by fascists over the postwar period. This book will appeal to scholars and students with interests in antifascism, fascism, racism, and Jewish and left-wing history in Britain, and how these intersect with Holocaust consciousness.
France: Government and Society (Routledge Revivals)
by J. M. Wallace-Hadrill J. McMannersFirst published in 1957, France is a collection of essays which was originally delivered as lectures in the University of Oxford. While there is an intense interest in French history, it is still true to say that no satisfactory short history of France is available to the English reader. A single writer, or, indeed, a group of two or three writers could not hope to master the state of studies over the whole range of French history; this could only be done by a team of experts, and such a team of experts could only be found in one of our major universities. The volume which is here presented consists of twelve essays by recognized experts in particular fields, each essay being complete in itself, while together they cover the interaction of government and society over the whole range of French history from the earliest times to the 1950s. This book will be of interest to students of politics, government, history, sociology, and policy.
Rethinking Civil Society Regionalism in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities in Democratic Participation and Peacebuilding in the Post-ECOWAS Vision 2020 (New Regionalisms Series)
by Dele KogbeThis book interrogates the extent to which regional civil society organisations have evolved as actors in West Africa. Examining civil society democratic participation in regional integration and involvement in regionalism of peacebuilding, it rethinks how we study civil society in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region. Beyond the functional typology of civil society actors as ‘partner’, ‘legitimiser’, ‘resistance/counter-hegemonic’ and ‘manipulator’, the book develops a new analytical framework to understand how organisations such as the West African Civil Society Forum (WACSOF) and West African Network for Peacebuilding (WANEP) have evolved. Offering analytical perspectives of the actorship of specific regional civil society actors the book draws attention to the tendencies in the previous studies of mistaking an action or misdeed that is empirically specific to particular civil society organisations within a region to the generality of the civic space of the region. Providing an alternative perspective aimed at invoking a new intellectual conversation about civil society regionalism this book advances a new analytical framework of action-based regional identity of civil society, regional presence of activities, regional capacities and societal impact. It will be of interest to academics and scholars of International Relations, global governance, African politics and comparative regionalism.
The History of Utopian Thought (Routledge Library Editions: Utopias)
by Joyce Oramel HertzlerThis book, originally published in 1923, embodies two related and yet distinct types of sociological endeavour. It is a study in the history of social thought, a field which had only been receiving serious and widespread attention in recent years, and attempts to give an historical cross-section of representative Utopian thought at the time. But it is also a study in social idealism, a study in the origin, selection and potency of those social ideas and ideals that occasional and usually exceptional men conceive, with particular emphasis upon their relation to social progress. It was the first book that attempted to give an unprejudiced, systematic treatment of the social Utopias as a whole.
The Ways Out: Utopian Communal Groups in an Age of Babylon (Routledge Library Editions: Utopias)
by John R. HallA comparative analysis of both secular and religious communal groups in contemporary America, this study, originally published in 1978, shows that contemporary communalists stand in relation to collectivism much the same as early Protestants stood in relation to individualism – as the self-proclaimed pioneers of the new age. There is great diversity among communal groups, a diversity which is found to stem from alternative orientations towards time and alternative assumptions about the cognitive status of the social world. The author has made use of a phenomenologically derived typological framework to organize the data he has obtained through living in and visiting a number of communal groups. Within this framework, Alfred Schutz’s ‘mundane’ phenomenology and Max Weber’s interpretive sociology are employed as ways of approaching the situated sociology of knowledge in various communal groups. Six ideal types of communal groups are described: the commune, the intentional association, the community, the warring sect, the other-worldly sect and the ecstatic association. Two of these types – the intentional association and the community – are identified as participants’ efforts to demonstrate ‘worldly utopian’ models for the reconstruction of society at large.
Faith-Based Organizations in Development Discourses and Practice (Routledge Studies in Religion and Politics)
by Jens Koehrsen Andreas HeuserExploring Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs) in current developmental discourses and practice, this book presents a selection of empirical in-depth case-studies of Christian FBOs and assesses the vital role credited to FBOs in current discourses on development. Examining the engagement of FBOs with contemporary politics of development, the contributions stress the agency of FBOs in diverse contexts of development policy, both local and global. It is emphasised that FBOs constitute boundary agents and developmental entrepreneurs: they move between different discursive fields such as national and international development discourses, theological discourses, and their specific religious constituencies. By combining influxes from these different contexts, FBOs generate unique perspectives on development: they express alternative views on development, and stress particular approaches anchored in their theological social ethics. This book should be of interest to those researching FBOs and their interaction with international organizations, and to scholars working in the broader areas of Religion and Politics, and Politics and Development.