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AIDS: The Politics of Survival (Policy, Politics, Health and Medicine Series)
by Nancy Krieger Glen MargoIn one short decade, the politics of AIDS has become the politics of survival. In a world whose social order is changing before our eyes, AIDS insistently brings new meaning to the age-old question of what it is we must do to survive-as individuals, as families, as communities, as nations, as members of an interdependent world. This book brings together a collection of articles that frankly discuss what it will take to stop the AIDS epidemic and deal with the devastation it has already wrought.
Academic Paths: Career Decisions and Experiences of Psychologists
by Peter A. KellerThis book contains the intimate autobiographies of 13 psychologists who work in academic settings. Their experiences are as diverse as their specializations and the academic institutions from which they come. However, all of the contributors have in common an infectious enthusiasm for their academic experiences and the unique opportunities provided by their careers. Psychology students often have only vague notions about the career experiences and personal lives of academic psychologists. The autobiographies in this book open special windows onto the lives of psychologists in academic settings. The contributions range from a description of experiences at a two-year community college through discussions of the demands at high powered doctoral-level research institutions. The authors offer intimate glimpses of experiences in their lives that paved the way to academia. Although this book is, in a sense, about career planning in academic settings, there is no pretense about it being a career planning guide. The editor's goal was to give readers some sense of what motivates academic psychologists and what their personal as well as professional lives are like. The editor also makes clear his belief that there is no single pathway to a successful academic career in psychology. Although each contributor describes what most would see as a successful career, the academic paths taken and the personal and professional rewards received are often quite different. This book will provide encouragement to students contemplating a career in academia as well as interesting reading for psychologists curious about what makes their academic colleagues tick.
Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character
by Jonathan ShayAn original and groundbreaking examination of the psychological devastation of war through the lens of Homer&’s Iliad in this &“compassionate book [that] deserves a place in the lasting literature of the Vietnam War&” (The New York Times).In this moving and dazzlingly creative book, Dr. Jonathan Shay examines the psychological devastation of war by comparing the soldiers of Homer&’s Iliad with Vietnam veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. A classic of war literature that has as much relevance as ever in the wake of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Achilles in Vietnam is a &“transcendent literary adventure&” (The New York Times) and &“clearly one of the most original and most important scholarly works to have emerged from the Vietnam War&” (Tim O&’Brien, author of The Things They Carried). As a Veterans Affairs psychiatrist, Shay encountered devastating stories of unhealed PTSD and uncovered the painful paradox—that fighting for one&’s country can render one unfit to be a citizen. With a sensitive and compassionate examination of the battles many Vietnam veterans continue to fight, Shay offers readers a greater understanding of PTSD and how to alleviate the potential suffering of soldiers. Although the Iliad was written twenty-seven centuries ago, Shay shows how it has much to teach about combat trauma, as do the more recent, compelling voices and experiences of Vietnam vets. A groundbreaking and provocative monograph, Achilles in Vietnam takes readers on a literary journey that demonstrates how we can learn how war damages the mind and spirit, and work to change those things in our culture that so that we don&’t continue repeating the same mistakes.
Active Perception (Computer Vision Series)
by Yiannis AloimonosThis book defines the emerging field of Active Perception which calls for studying perception coupled with action. It is devoted to technical problems related to the design and analysis of intelligent systems possessing perception such as the existing biological organisms and the "seeing" machines of the future. Since the appearance of the first technical results on active vision, researchers began to realize that perception -- and intelligence in general -- is not transcendental and disembodied. It is becoming clear that in the effort to build intelligent visual systems, consideration must be given to the fact that perception is intimately related to the physiology of the perceiver and the tasks that it performs. This viewpoint -- known as Purposive, Qualitative, or Animate Vision -- is the natural evolution of the principles of Active Vision. The seven chapters in this volume present various aspects of active perception, ranging from general principles and methodological matters to technical issues related to navigation, manipulation, recognition, learning, planning, reasoning, and topics related to the neurophysiology of intelligent systems.
Adaptive Reasoning for Real-world Problems: A Schema-based Approach
by Roy TurnerThis book describes a method for building real-world problem solving systems such as medical diagnostic procedures and intelligent controllers for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and other robots. The approach taken is different from other work reported in the artificial intelligence literature in several respects: * It defines schema-based reasoning, in which schemas -- explicitly declared packets of related knowledge -- are used to control not only the reasoner's planning, but also all other facets of its behavior. * It is a kind of reactive reasoning that the author calls adaptive problem solving -- the reasoner maintains commitments to future goals but is able to change its focus of attention as the problem-solving situation requires. * It is a context-sensitive reasoning method. Every decision it makes relies on the use of contextual knowledge to be appropriate for the current problem-solving situation. Furthermore, context is represented explicitly; by always keeping a current representation of the context in mind, the reasoner's behavior is automatically sensitive to the context with very little work needed per decision. * Schema-based reasoning -- a generalization of case-based reasoning -- extends the usual idea of case-based reasoning to encompass all aspects of the reasoner's behavior, and it extends it to make use of generalized "cases" (i.e., schemas) rather than particular cases, thus saving effort needed to transfer knowledge from an old case to a new situation. Though the work originated in the domain of medical diagnostic problem solving, treating diagnosis as a planning task, it is even more appropriate for controlling autonomous systems. The author is currently extending the approach by creating a robust controller for long-range autonomous underwater vehicles that will be used to carry out ocean science missions.
Adolescent Storm and Stress: An Evaluation of the Mead-freeman Controversy (Research Monographs in Adolescence Series)
by James E. Cote James E. C“t‚In 1928, Margaret Mead published her first book, entitled Coming of Age in Samoa, in which she described to the Western world an exotic culture where people "came of age" with a minimum of "storm and stress." In 1983, Derek Freeman, an Australian anthropologist, published a book in which he systematically attacked Mead's conclusions about that culture and the way people came of age. Since then, a great deal of attention has been directed toward the Mead-Freeman controversy. This book contributes to that controversy and to the general understanding of adolescent storm and stress by undertaking an interdisciplinary analysis of Freeman's criticisms and an assessment of the plausibility of Mead's work. Addressing the issue of what has become of Mead's Samoa of the 1920s, this book historically tracks the nature of the "coming of age in Samoa" to the present, in order to give the reader an understanding of the circumstances confronting young people in contemporary Samoa. It shows that Mead's Samoa has been lost; what was once a place in which most young people came of age with relative ease has become a place where young people experience great difficulty in terms of finding a place in their society, to the point where they currently have one of the highest suicide rates in the world. While much has been written about this controversy during the past decade, a gap exists in the sense that most of the publicity about Mead's work has missed her main focus concerning the processes governing the "coming of age" of her informants. A valuable historical document and a pioneering study, Mead's book anticipated changes that are still unfolding today in the field of human development. The preoccupation with issues tangential to her main focus--issues involving the Samoan ethos and character--have not only diverted a clear analysis of Mead's work, they have also led to the creation of a number of myths and misconceptions about Mead and her book. The author also has an interest in Mead's original focus on the relative impact of biological and cultural influences in shaping the behavior of those coming of age--in all societies. Despite what has been said by her critics, not only was this a crucial issue during the time of her study, but it is also an issue that is now just beginning to be understood some 60 years later. In addition, the issue of biology versus culture--the so-called nature-nurture debate--carries with it many political implications. In the case of the Mead-Freeman controversy, this political agenda looms large--an agenda which is clearly spelled out in this book.
Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self: The Neurobiology of Emotional Development
by Allan N. SchoreDuring the past decade a diverse group of disciplines have simultaneously intensified their attention upon the scientific study of emotion. This proliferation of research on affective phenomena has been paralleled by an acceleration of investigations of early human structural and functional development. Developmental neuroscience is now delving into the ontogeny of brain systems that evolve to support the psychobiological underpinnings of socioemotional functioning. Studies of the infant brain demonstrate that its maturation is influenced by the environment and is experience-dependent. Developmental psychological research emphasizes that the infant's expanding socioaffective functions are critically influenced by the affect-transacting experiences it has with the primary caregiver. Concurrent developmental psychoanalytic research suggests that the mother's affect regulatory functions permanently shape the emerging self's capacity for self-organization. Studies of incipient relational processes and their effects on developing structure are thus an excellent paradigm for the deeper apprehension of the organization and dynamics of affective phenomena. This book brings together and presents the latest findings of socioemotional studies emerging from the developmental branches of various disciplines. It supplies psychological researchers and clinicians with relevant, up-to-date developmental neurobiological findings and insights, and exposes neuroscientists to recent developmental psychological and psychoanalytic studies of infants. The methodology of this theoretical research involves the integration of information that is being generated by the different fields that are studying the problem of socioaffective development--neurobiology, behavioral neurology, behavioral biology, sociobiology, social psychology, developmental psychology, developmental psychoanalysis, and infant psychiatry. A special emphasis is placed upon the application and incorporation of current developmental data from neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, neuropsychology, and neuroendocrinology into the main body of developmental theory. More than just a review of several literatures, the studies cited in this work are used as a multidisciplinary source pool of experimental data, theoretical concepts, and clinical observations that form the base and scaffolding of an overarching heuristic model of socioemotional development that is grounded in contemporary neuroscience. This psychoneurobiological model is then used to generate a number of heuristic hypotheses regarding the proximal causes of a wide array of affect-related phenomena--from the motive force that drives human attachment to the proximal causes of psychiatric disturbances and psychosomatic disorders, and indeed to the origin of the self.
Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self: The Neurobiology of Emotional Development (Psychology Press And Routledge Classic Editions Ser.)
by Allan N. SchoreDuring the past decade a diverse group of disciplines have simultaneously intensified their attention upon the scientific study of emotion. This proliferation of research on affective phenomena has been paralleled by an acceleration of investigations of early human structural and functional development. Developmental neuroscience is now delving into the ontogeny of brain systems that evolve to support the psychobiological underpinnings of socioemotional functioning. Studies of the infant brain demonstrate that its maturation is influenced by the environment and is experience-dependent. Developmental psychological research emphasizes that the infant's expanding socioaffective functions are critically influenced by the affect-transacting experiences it has with the primary caregiver. Concurrent developmental psychoanalytic research suggests that the mother's affect regulatory functions permanently shape the emerging self's capacity for self-organization. Studies of incipient relational processes and their effects on developing structure are thus an excellent paradigm for the deeper apprehension of the organization and dynamics of affective phenomena. This book brings together and presents the latest findings of socioemotional studies emerging from the developmental branches of various disciplines. It supplies psychological researchers and clinicians with relevant, up-to-date developmental neurobiological findings and insights, and exposes neuroscientists to recent developmental psychological and psychoanalytic studies of infants. The methodology of this theoretical research involves the integration of information that is being generated by the different fields that are studying the problem of socioaffective development--neurobiology, behavioral neurology, behavioral biology, sociobiology, social psychology, developmental psychology, developmental psychoanalysis, and infant psychiatry. A special emphasis is placed upon the application and incorporation of current developmental data from neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, neuropsychology, and neuroendocrinology into the main body of developmental theory. More than just a review of several literatures, the studies cited in this work are used as a multidisciplinary source pool of experimental data, theoretical concepts, and clinical observations that form the base and scaffolding of an overarching heuristic model of socioemotional development that is grounded in contemporary neuroscience. This psychoneurobiological model is then used to generate a number of heuristic hypotheses regarding the proximal causes of a wide array of affect-related phenomena--from the motive force that drives human attachment to the proximal causes of psychiatric disturbances and psychosomatic disorders, and indeed to the origin of the self.
Aging into the 21st Century: The Exploration of Aspirations and Values
by Rachelle A. DorfmanAging Into the 21st Century draws on developmental theory and gerontological research to provide a framework for the creation of 'value-friendly' long-term care settings and for psychotherapy with the elderly.
Alcohol and Human Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice
by P. Clayton RiversSurveys the critical issues discussed in the field, pointing out how each issue has been approached from several theoretical perspectives.
Alone among the Living: A Memoir of the Floyd Hoard Murder
by G. Richard HoardThe son of a Georgia prosecutor killed by a car bomb offers a &“compelling&” account of the crime and its effect on his life (Booklist). When I was twenty I came face to face with the old man convicted of paying five thousand dollars for the murder of my father. From the gripping first line of this true story, you will follow a young man&’s journey through grief and despair to acceptance and forgiveness. On August 7, 1967, prosecutor Floyd &“Fuzzy&” Hoard was killed by a car bomb in his own front yard in Jackson County, Georgia. Summoning the memories of the events surrounding that day, Alone among the Living is G. Richard Hoard's remembrance of the father he lost on that day, and of his subsequent struggle to come to terms with the murder. &“A chronicle of grief and anger and confusion as Hoard tries to come of age without his father's help…A compelling story of loss, acceptance, and forgiveness.&”—Booklist &“He writes of the universal struggle to make sense of a world that often seems ruled by chaos and to find one&’s place in it.&”—Athens Banner-Herald
An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis
by Paul KlineFactor analysis is a statistical technique widely used in psychology and the social sciences. With the advent of powerful computers, factor analysis and other multivariate methods are now available to many more people. An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis presents and explains factor analysis as clearly and simply as possible. The author, Paul Kline, carefully defines all statistical terms and demonstrates step-by-step how to work out a simple example of principal components analysis and rotation. He further explains other methods of factor analysis, including confirmatory and path analysis, and concludes with a discussion of the use of the technique with various examples.An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis is the clearest, most comprehensible introduction to factor analysis for students. All those who need to use statistics in psychology and the social sciences will find it invaluable. Paul Kline is Professor of Psychometrics at the University of Exeter. He has been using and teaching factor analysis for thirty years. His previous books include Intelligence: the psychometric view (Routledge 1990) and The Handbook of Psychological Testing (Routledge 1992).
An Ecological Approach To the Study of Child Care: Family Day Care in Israel
by Miriam K. RosenthalA new type of childhood is experienced these days by many children in industrial societies that provide child care services. The studies summarized in this book stem from a conceptual model based on an ecological approach to the study of development. The family day care system in Israel is presented as a "case study" for the discussion of issues derived from this conceptual model -- issues which are of central concern to the investigation of child care in any society. This book establishes how historical and socio-economic processes: *influence the values and goals set by the society for its children, and its social policy concerning child care service; *are interpreted by parents and early childhood educators; *relate to different definitions of "quality care." Unique in its integrative analysis of the daily experiences of infants and toddlers in family day care, this volume examines cultural and social policy issues, family background and parental beliefs, caregiver's background and beliefs, the nature of the child care environment, and the child's personal characteristics. Its "theoretical" and "applied" orientation is important to researchers interested in the study of out-of-home-care for young children, as well as educators, developmental psychologists, sociologists, and social workers interested in the study of environmental influences on the child development. The ecological model and the applied implications of the study are of special relevance to practitioners in the field of early childhood.
Analysis, Repair and Individuation (The\library Of Analytical Psychology Ser.)
by Kenneth LambertAn exposition on individuation including 'Archetypes, Individuation and Internal Objects' and 'The Individuation Process'
Analytical Psychology: A Modern Science (The\library Of Analytical Psychology Ser.)
by Michael FordhamThis is a book of two parts: the first focuses on theoretical concepts with special reference to the structure of the psyche, while the second includes more clinical material. Both exemplify the London Society's interest in childhood and the development of ideas about the use of reductive analysis within the Jungian framework.
Anger, Hostility, and the Heart
by Timothy W. Smith Aron Wolfe SiegmanResearch on the roles played by hostility and anger in the etiology and course of coronary heart disease (CHD) has mushroomed. Moreover, there has been considerable progress in the knowledge of neurohormonal correlates of anger and hostility that could conceivably play a role in the pathogenesis of CHD. The editors of this volume believe that this is the appropriate time in the history of coronary-prone behavior research to take stock -- to identify the basic questions that need further elucidation, and to provide future direction. Although there is a surprising consensus among the contributors about the nature of the critical issues, they each offer a somewhat different perspective. This book will provide a variety of perspectives on what is known and what still needs to be known -- a useful source for promising research hypotheses.
Archetypal Dimensions of the Psyche
by Marie-Louise von FranzThe chief disciple of C. G. Jung, analyst Marie-Louise von Franz uses her vast knowledge of the world of myths, fairy tales, visions, and dreams to examine expressions of the universal symbol of the Anthropos, or Cosmic Man--a universal archetype that embodies humanity's personal as well as collective identity. She shows that the meaning of life--the realization of our fullest human potential, which Jung called individuation--can only be found through a greater differentiation of consciousness by virtue of archetypes, and that ultimately our future depends on relationships, whether between the sexes or among nations, races, religions, and political factions.
At Last!! Encoded Totals Second Addition: The Long-awaited Sequel to Have Some Sums to Solve
by Steven KahanHow long have you been thirsting for tempting, tantalizing teasers, craving for challenging cryptographic conundrums? A sequel to ""Have Some Sums to Solve"", this work can satiate the desires of even the most prolific puzzle enthusiast.
Attention and Emotion: A Clinical Perspective (Psychology Press And Routledge Classic Editions Ser.)
by Gerald Matthews Adrian WellsThis text critically reviews the literature on attention and emotion, and offers an integrative cognitive attentional model of the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. It highlights the similarities and differences between disorders and offers specific new treatment implications. The book contains numerous summary sections so that readers less familiar with the cognitive literature can follow the main issues without being overwhelmed. The central aims of this work are: to review critically models of attention and their application to attentional processes in emotional disorders; To develop an integrative theoretical framework and model for conceptualizing attentional processes associated with the aetiology and maintenance of emotional stress reactions; and to discuss the implications for clinical practice of attentional theories of emotional dysfunction.
Attention, Attitude, and Affect in Response To Advertising
by David W. Stewart Timothy C. Brock Eddie M. ClarkLinked from the days of their origins, psychology and advertising developed as independent disciplines at almost the same time in the late nineteenth century. Providing an important arena in which psychologists have tested methods and theories, advertising has been a stimulus for research and development in such diverse specialties as learning and behavioral decision theory, psychometrics, perception, and social and mathematical psychology. Psychology, in turn, has contributed a wide assortment of tools, theories, and techniques to the practice of advertising. These contributions have found their place in virtually all areas of advertising practice -- stimulating creativity, evaluating the creative product, and informing the scheduling of media. Purposely eclectic, this volume presents new issues in consumer psychology and advertising such as the relationship between gender differences, cortical organization and advertising; new approaches to old issues such as attention as an epiphenomenon, and meta-analysis of comparative advertising research; and new applications of consumer psychology to other fields such as examining health behavior as consumer behavior, affect and political advertising, and the relationship between advertising and eating disorders. This volume is the result of the Sixth Annual Advertising and Consumer Behavior Conference, which was designed to bring together researchers and practitioners from both psychology and advertising. Chapter contributions are made by professionals in advertising and marketing, professors in psychology and marketing departments, and psychologists who consult for advertising and marketing organizations. Thus, the chapters represent a microcosm of the type of interaction that has characterized the interface of psychology and advertising for more than a hundred years.
Attraction and Attachment: Understanding Styles of Relationships
by Barbara Jo BrothersHere is a fascinating exploration of the powerful forces of attachment and attraction that determine the formation and styles of couples’relationships. What factors attract one person to another? What determines whether or not a healthy relationship is formed? As therapists know, there is much in this world that passes for love but is really the result of leftover dependency needs and unresolved attachment issues. Attraction and Attachment: Understanding Styles of Relationships examines issues of attachment in relationships, discusses the validity of the concept of codependency as one aspect of attachment, and explores various aspects of attraction.The contributing authors consider some of the many styles of relationships that are called love and examine some of the basic sources of attraction. Attraction and Attachment includes an in-depth evaluation of the concept of codependency, a review of the literature on attraction, methods for achieving equilibrium in sexual intimacy, and some of Virginia Satir’s insights on fear and making changes. Just a few of the specific topics explored in these important chapters include: the relationship of childhood attachment experiences and successful long-term marriages the influence of therapists’implicit philosophies on treatment options and their effectiveness in therapy a review of biological, psychological, and social psychological literature on mate selection a definition of codependency a study of the link between codependency and depression couples’acceptance of alternative treatment formatsPsychiatrists, psychologists, and clinical social workers, as well as substance abuse counselors and pastoral counselors, can discover new insights on attraction and attachment in this provocative book. All mental health professionals can find new ways of looking at the foundational elements of relationships that are invaluable to them in their work with couples.
Atypical Cognitive Deficits in Developmental Disorders: Implications for Brain Function
by Jordan Grafman Sarah H. BromanThis volume is based on a conference held to examine what is known about cognitive behaviors and brain structure and function in three syndromes and to evaluate the usefulness of such models. The goal of this endeavor is to add to the knowledge base of cognitive neuroscience within a developmental framework. Most of what is known about the neurological basis of cognitive function in humans has been learned from studies of central nervous system trauma or disease in adults. Certain neurodevelopmental disorders affect the central nervous system in unique ways by producing specific as opposed to generalized cognitive deficit. Studies of these disorders using neurobiological and behavioral techniques can yield new insights into the localization of cognitive function and the developmental course of atypical cognitive profiles. The focus of this book is a discussion of the multidisciplinary research findings from studies of autism, and Williams and Turner syndromes. The approaches, methods, techniques, and findings reported are at the cutting edge of neuroscience research on complex behavior patterns and their neural substrates. Each disorder is accompanied by some degree of general cognitive impairment or mental retardation. Of greater interest are the atypical deficits in which a cognitive function is spared, such as language in Williams syndrome, or is disproportionately depressed as are spatial discrimination skills and visual-motor coordination in Turner syndrome. Drastically reduced or seemingly absent language capabilities and little interaction with other people characterize the core autism syndrome. A comprehensive and critical discussion of appropriate statistical techniques is made vivid by examples given from studies of small groups or single subjects in neurolinguistics and related fields.
Autism: An Introduction to Psychological Theory
by Francesca Happe Sue Fletcher-WatsonThis title is intended for advanced undergraduate and masters level students in psychology; professional clinical, developmental and educational psychologists; general practitioners and others with a special interest in children; careworkers; and parents of autistic children.
Awareness: The Key To Acceptance, Respect, Forgiveness, And Growth
by Miriam AdahanAwareness is based on an age-old system of personality analysis known as the Enneagram. It is an astonishingly precise and accurate explanation of nine basic personality types their distinct gifts, temperaments, strengths, and weaknesses. As you read, you will clearly recognize yourself and others. This deeper level of awareness is not only enlightening, but empowering. It enables you to realize your own inner essence and drives, as it provides the understanding you need to relate better in all personal relationships: with spouse, family, friends, business, and work associates. What gives this title an added dimension is its fusion with the divine wisdom and life values of traditional Judaism, so this becomes a true spiritual journey as well. Written in a manner that all readers can easily relate to, Awareness is an illuminating life-transforming tool for personal growth and genuine fulfillment.
B F Skinner: A Reappraisal (Psychology Library Editions: Cognitive Science Ser.)
by Marc N. RichelleB.F. Skinner died in August 1990. He had been praised as one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century, but was also attacked by a variety of opponents within and outside the field of psychology. This introduction to his work is first of all a guide to a correct reading of his writings, a reading devoid of the distortions and misinterpretations often conveyed by many commentators, including psychologists. It frames Skinner's contributions with reference to major European traditions in psychological sciences, namely Pavlov, Freud, Lorenz and Piaget. Crucial aspects of Skinner's theory and methodological stands are discussed in the context of contemporary debates: special attention is devoted to the relationship of psychology with biology and the neurosciences, to the cognitivist movement, to the status of language and to the explanation of novelty and creativity in human behaviour.; Finally, Skinner's social and political philosophy is presented with an emphasis on the provocative aspects of an analysis of current social practices which fail to solve most of the urgent problems humankind is confronted with today. Both in science proper and in human affairs at large, Skinner's thought is shown to be not behind, as is often claimed, but ahead of the times, be it in his interactive view of linguistic communication, in his very modern use of the evolutionary analogy to explain the dynamics of behaviour, or in his vision of ecological constraints.