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Constructing a Fiscal-Military State in Eighteenth-Century Spain (Palgrave Studies in the History of Finance)
by Rafael Torres Sánchez<p>Historically, Spain has often been represented as a financial failure, a state limited by its absolutist monarchy and doomed to fiscal and financial failure without hope of lasting growth. The collapse of the Spanish state at the beginning of the nineteenth century would seem to bear out this view of the limitations of Spain's absolutist state, and this historical school of thought presents the eighteenth century as the last episode in a long history of decline that is directly linked to the failure of the sixteenth-century Spanish imperial absolutist monarchy. <p>This study provides a different perspective, suggesting that in fact during the eighteenth century, Spain's fiscal-military state was reconstructed and grew. It shows how the development of the Spanish fiscal-military state was based on different growth factors to those of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; and that with this change, most of the state's structure and its relationship with élites and taxpayers altered irrevocably. In the ceaseless search for solutions, the Spanish state applied a wide range of financial and fiscal policies to expand its empire. <p>The research in this book is inspired by current historical discussions, and provides a new perspective on the historical debate that often compares English 'success' with continental 'failure'.</p>
Constructing a More Scientific Economics: John Tomer's Pluralistic and Humanistic Economics (Palgrave Advances in Behavioral Economics)
by Morris AltmanJohn Tomer was a leading intellectual figure in behavioural economics, making distinct contributions to the theory of the firm, social economy, choice theory, and government policy. His underlying methodology as an economist was to incorporate different disciplinary approaches to the subject at hand, whilst maintaining an underlying respect and understanding of how and why humans behave the way they do. This book brings together a collection of scholars celebrating John Tomer’s contributions to the field of economics. Covering key areas of his research, contributing authors discuss the latest research in behavioral economics, the human firm, climate change policy, sustainability, well-being, human capital, and human development. This volume, extending John Tomer’s more scientific perspective rooted in behavioural and institutional economics, should find an audience among both scholars and policy advocates. It can also enrich course delivery, providing students with alternative perspectives and approach to economic and socio-economic analysis.
Constructing a Nation: The United States and Their Constitution--1763-92
by David A. MossExamines the founding of the United States of America during the second half of the eighteenth century. Focuses on: 1) the reasons why the American colonists rebelled against Britain (1763-1774); 2) the problems the new nation confronted during the War of Independence and under the Articles of Confederation (1775-1788); 3) the main issues taken up at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia (1787); and 4) the enormous challenges facing Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury in the first Washington Administration (1789-1792). A complete version of the Constitution (including the first 10 amendments) is attached as an appendix.
Constructing a Place of Critical Architecture in China: Intermediate Criticality in the Journal Time + Architecture
by Guanghui DingFor the past 30 years, The Chinese journal Time + Architecture (Shidai Jianzhu) has focused on publishing innovative and exploratory work by emerging architects based in private design firms who were committed to new material, theoretical and pedagogical practices. In doing so, this book argues that the journal has engaged in the presentation and production of a particular form of critical architecture - described as an ’intermediate criticality’ - as a response to the particular constraints of the Chinese cultural and political context. The journal’s publications displayed a ’dual critique’ - a resistant attitude to the dominant modes of commercial building practice, characterised by rapid and large-scale urban expansion, and an alternative publishing practice focusing on emerging, independent architectural practitioners through the active integration of theoretical debates, architectural projects, and criticisms. This dual critique is illustrated through a careful review and analysis of the history and programme of the journal. By showing how the work of emerging architects, including Yung Ho Chang, Wang Shu, Liu Jiakun and Urbanus, are situated within the context of the journal’s special thematic editions on experimental architecture, exhibition, group design, new urban space and professional system, the book assesses the contribution the journal has made to the emergence of a critical architecture in China, in the context of how it was articulated, debated, presented and perhaps even ’produced’ within the pages of the publication itself. The protagonists of critical architecture have endeavoured to construct an alternative mode of form and space with strong aesthetic and socio-political implications to the predominant production of architecture under the current Chinese socialist market economy. To rebel against certain forms of domination and suppression by capital and power is by no means to completely reject them; rather, it is to use thos
Constructing a Social Welfare System for All in China (Routledge Studies on the Chinese Economy)
by China Development Research FoundationChina Development Research Foundation is one of the leading economic think tanks in China, where many of the details of China’s economic reform have been formulated. Its work and publications therefore provide great insights into what the Chinese themselves think about economic reform and how it should develop. This book sets out the general objectives, principles and framework of a proposed new social welfare system for China, putting forward relevant policy recommendations. It provides a comprehensive overview of China’s current welfare services, including retirement pensions, education, health, employment, housing and social security payments, and goes on to cost the proposed new social welfare system and assess the government’s capacity for implementing it. It shows how the new system will, within an integrated framework, provide comprehensive welfare for all, including rural and urban citizens, migrant workers and disadvantaged groups such as rural and urban poor. It also shows how the new system will aim to balance economic and social development whilst maintaining China’s high economic growth rate, increasing domestic demand and promoting economic restructuring.
Constructing an Innovation Architecture
by Rowan Gibson Peter SkarzynskiWhile you need a lot of ideas and experiments to increase your chances of success, you also want your company's innovation efforts to accumulate over time so that you can build a defensible and differentiated competitive position in the marketplace. This chapter explains how your company can effectively build and deploy an innovation architecture to create a powerful strategy for revolutionizing your industry.
Constructing and Imagining Labour Migration: Perspectives of Control from Five Continents
by Sandra MantuLabour migration has been on the agenda of many countries around the globe at the same time as governments of both sending and receiving countries have been trying to develop regulatory mechanisms. This book opens the debate on the global politics of labour migration by proposing a re-assessment of the interaction between states regarding labour migration. Presenting case-specific scholarship from leading experts from five different continents, each contribution engages with the changing landscape of migration control and teases out emerging control patterns, dynamics and correlations that can be made between them and existing control paradigms. The multidisciplinary and global focus in 'Constructing and Imagining Labour Migration' sheds much needed light on the mechanisms deployed by states in their attempts to control labour migration and on the manner in which these mechanisms impact upon migrants themselves, leaving some caught up in the politics of labour market control
Constructing and Using Process Control Charts
by Roger E. BohnSummarizes how to construct and use statistical process control charts. Gives several examples. Discusses tolerances using control charts for debugging.
Constructing the Architect: An Introduction To Design, Research, Planning, And Education
by Leonard R. BachmanUnlike books that concentrate on the monuments and other artefacts that architects produce, Constructing the Architect focuses on architecture as a disciplinary and professional process, an institution of society, and a career of learning and mastery. In doing so, it offers a lens into the architecture of architecture. Mapping architecture as a coherent whole, Leonard Bachman shows that the field must be understood as four mutually reinforcing modes of inquiry: design, research, strategy, and education. Within this framework, he explains how institutions and actors hold differing perspectives on the critical discourse that advances architecture and identifies the various tensions and leverage points for change within the discipline. Featuring over 100 illustrations to support understanding of this highly visual subject, this is an essential introduction for any student seeking to understand what it means to be an architect and to enter the professional discourse.
Constructing the Cyberterrorist: Critical Reflections on the UK Case (Routledge Critical Terrorism Studies)
by Gareth MottThis book maps and analyses the official British construction of the threat of cyberterrorism. By using interpretive discourse analysis, this book identifies ‘strands’ from a corpus of policy documents, statements, and speeches from UK Ministers, MPs, and Peers between 12 May 2010 and 24 June 2016. The book examines how the threat of cyberterrorism was constructed in the UK, and what this securitisation has made possible. The author makes novel contributions to the Copenhagen School’s ‘securitisation theory’ framework by outlining a ‘tiered’ rather than monolithic audience system; refining the ‘temporal’ and ‘spatial’ conditioning of a securitisation with reference to the distinctive characteristics of cyberterrorism; and, lastly, by detailing the way in which popular fiction can be ascribed agency to ‘fill in’ an absence of ‘cyberterrorism’ case studies. He also argues that the UK government’s classification of cyberterrorism as a ‘Tier One’ threat created a central strand upon which a discursive securitisation was established. This book will be of interest to students of Critical Security Studies, terrorism studies, UK politics, and international relations.
Constructing the International Economy
by Mark Blyth Rawi Abdelal Craig ParsonsFocusing empirically on how political and economic forces are always mediated and interpreted by agents, both in individual countries and in the international sphere, Constructing the International Economy sets out what such constructions and what various forms of constructivism mean, both as ways of understanding the world and as sets of varying methods for achieving that understanding. It rejects the assumption that material interests either linearly or simply determine economic outcomes and demands that analysts consider, as a plausible hypothesis, that economies might vary substantially for nonmaterial reasons that affect both institutions and agents' interests. Constructing the International Economy portrays the diversity of models and approaches that exist among constructivists writing on the international political economy. The authors outline and relate several different arguments for why scholars might attend to social construction, inviting the widest possible array of scholars to engage with such approaches. They examine points of terminological or theoretical confusion that create unnecessary barriers to engagement between constructivists and nonconstructivist work and among different types of constructivism. This book provides a tool kit that both constructivists and their critics can use to debate how much and when social construction matters in this deeply important realm. Contributors: Rawi Abdelal, Harvard Business School; Jacqueline Best, University of Ottawa; Mark Blyth, Brown University; Mlada Bukovansky, Smith College; Jeffrey M. Chwieroth, London School of Economics; Francesco Duina, Bates College; Charlotte Epstein, University of Sydney; Yoshiko M. Herrera, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paul Langley, Northumbria University; Craig Parsons, University of Oregon; Catherine Weaver, University of Texas at Austin; Wesley W. Widmaier, Saint Joseph's University; Cornelia Woll, CERI-Sciences Po Paris
Constructing the Persuasive Portfolio: The Only Primer You’ll Ever Need
by Margaret FletcherConstructing the Persuasive Portfolio helps you learn the art of designing a compelling and effective architectural portfolio. Margaret Fletcher categorizes the architectural portfolio design process into a step-by-step method that you can manage and understand. The full-color book includes 400 portfolio examples from 55 designers, along with more than 50 diagrams, and a set of 48 design actions that are marked throughout. You will learn how to:-Identify your readership-Collect, document, and catalog your work-Organize your portfolio-Visually structure your portfolio-Design your layout-Manage both printed and digital portfolio formats As your ultimate persuasive tool, your portfolio is the single most important design exercise of your academic and professional career. Constructing the Persuasive Portfolio shows you everything you need to know to create your portfolio and is the only portfolio design book you will ever need!
Construction 4.0: An Innovation Platform for the Built Environment
by Michael Riley Anil Sawhney Javier IrizarryModelled on the concept of Industry 4.0, the idea of Construction 4.0 is based on a confluence of trends and technologies that promise to reshape the way built environment assets are designed, constructed, and operated. With the pervasive use of Building Information Modelling (BIM), lean principles, digital technologies, and offsite construction, the industry is at the cusp of this transformation. The critical challenge is the fragmented state of teaching, research, and professional practice in the built environment sector. This handbook aims to overcome this fragmentation by describing Construction 4.0 in the context of its current state, emerging trends and technologies, and the people and process issues that surround the coming transformation. Construction 4.0 is a framework that is a confluence and convergence of the following broad themes discussed in this book: Industrial production (prefabrication, 3D printing and assembly, offsite manufacture) Cyber-physical systems (actuators, sensors, IoT, robots, cobots, drones) Digital and computing technologies (BIM, video and laser scanning, AI and cloud computing, big data and data analytics, reality capture, Blockchain, simulation, augmented reality, data standards and interoperability, and vertical and horizontal integration) The aim of this handbook is to describe the Construction 4.0 framework and consequently highlight the resultant processes and practices that allow us to plan, design, deliver, and operate built environment assets more effectively and efficiently by focusing on the physical-to-digital transformation and then digital-to-physical transformation. This book is essential reading for all built environment and AEC stakeholders who need to get to grips with the technological transformations currently shaping their industry, research, and teaching.
Construction Analytics: Forecasting and Investment Valuation
by Mohsen Shahandashti Bahram Abediniangerabi Ehsan Zahed Sooin KimThis text covers R program coding for the implementation of two essential data analytics for practical construction problems. The first part of this book explains time series basics, models, and forecasting approaches in the context of the construction industry, accompanied by practical examples in construction. The second part describes the concept of investment valuation for construction projects and provides both deterministic and probabilistic techniques to conduct investment valuation on construction projects. R code scripts are provided in this book for solving practical problems in the construction industry. This book is also equipped with an R Package entitled “cdar” to provide the necessary functions for performing investment valuation. The book maximizes students’ understanding of the necessary theoretical background of data analytics, and explains the implementation of data analytics techniques to solve the actual problems in the construction industry.
Construction Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution: Theory and Practice around the World (Construction Practice Series)
by Renato NazziniThis book provides comprehensive, rigorous and up-to-date coverage of key issues that have emerged in the first quarter of the 21st Century in transnational construction arbitration and alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Covering four general themes, this book discusses: the increasing internationalisation of dispute resolution in construction law; the increasing reliance on technology in the management of construction projects and construction arbitration/ADR; the increasing prominence of collaborative contracting in construction and infrastructure projects; the increasing importance of contractual adjudication such as dispute boards in construction and infrastructure projects; the increasing prevalence of statutory adjudication mechanisms across the world; and the greater incidence of investment disputes and disputes against States and State entities over construction and infrastructure concessions and agreements. Tapping on their substantial expertise in practice and in research, the contributor team of senior practitioners and academics in the area of construction law and dispute resolution provide readers with information that balances an intellectually rigorous academic contribution against the backdrop of real concerns raised in practice. Construction Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution is an invaluable resource for practitioners in the field, academics in arbitration and construction law, and post-graduate students in construction law and dispute resolution.
Construction Audit: Building a Solid Foundation (ISSN)
by Denise CicchellaConstruction Audit is becoming more and more prevalent, and organizations are appreciating its importance. Learning the basics of construction auditing can provide valuable knowledge and skills for professionals and students in the construction industry, offering insights into financial management, risk mitigation, compliance and overall project oversight.This book is not just for auditors, however. It could be used by project managers, integrity monitors, construction managers and anyone else who wants to understand the elements that go into creating a successful project. Legal teams involved in contracting and overpayment recovery will also benefit.This book: Walks you through all phases of construction, starting with project inception. It will guide the reader through all the processes and the risks in each of these. Will guide the reader through the many challenges they will face throughout the life of the project. This book provides real-life solutions to common problems in construction. Introduces project management techniques; while not concentrating on a special methodology, the book builds on project management fundamentals. Understanding this will help enable the reader to talk to project managers more effectively. Defines the components of a successful project and gives the reader the tools needed to ensure these components. Uses real-life examples of control breakdowns, errors or fraud. Will help readers build an audit strategy and plan by understanding risks and effective controls that can be implemented to mitigate risk. Whether tackling your first project or your 21st project, this book will help you think outside the box and understand the finite processes and pieces of your project. There is always room for something new, new perspectives or improvement, and this book will help you find it.
Construction Business Management: What Every Construction Contractor, Builder And Subcontractor Needs To Know (Rsmeans Ser. #67)
by Nick B. GanawayOnly 43 per cent of U.S. construction firms remain in business after four years. Why? Inadequate management, according to the U.S. Small Business Administration. This is surprising because most construction firms are formed by ambitious construction project managers, executives and tradesmen who have excelled at what they have been doing. But as experienced as these entrepreneurs may be, they are not likely prepared to take on the full range of responsibilities forced on them in managing the business of construction in its entirety.While this business failure rate and its causes are based on U.S. experience, available data from a number of other industrialized countries shows they are similar.This book describes in detail what the business side of the construction equation requires of the construction firm owner. The contractor who quickly learns these requirements can identify and avoid or manage around the pitfalls that cause the high failure rate in our industry and put his or her construction firm on a level playing field with the best-run companies in the business. The detailed duties of the owner, whether in the U.S., U.K., Australia or Canada, are a common theme throughout the book. The author, Nick Ganaway, speaks peer-to-peer, and the book is sprinkled with supporting examples from his own experience. He is immersed in the industry and this book is "based on the things I've learned, used, and refined as a light-commercial general contractor in the course of starting and operating my own construction firm for 25 years." The contractor doing $5 million or $50 million or more in annual sales or the equivalent amount in other countries, or the entrepreneur who is just starting up, can use the tried and proven material in this book to build a business that is profitable, enjoyable, and enduring.Additionally, the book devotes a chapter to specializing in chain-store construction.
Construction Claims and Responses: Effective Writing and Presentation
by Andy HewittThe latest and most up-to-date edition of the best hands-on guide to construction claims and claims response preparation In the newly revised third edition of Construction Claims and Responses: Effective Writing and Presentation, renowned construction claims and disputes consultant Andy Hewitt delivers yet another authoritative and practical discussion of how to prepare and respond to construction claims. Covering a variety of different types of claims – including variations, extensions of time, and additional payment – the book demonstrates an effective step-by-step process of building up a claim by breaking it down into manageable sections: contract details, causes, effects, entitlement, and quantum. You’ll find worked examples of typical claims, complete with sample wording, as well as updated and simplified examples of responses, additional detail on cost calculations, and updates to material to maintain compliance with FIDIC 2017. Readers will also discover: A thorough introduction to properly constituted and presented claims, including the establishment of contractual entitlement and comprehensive documentationComprehensive explorations of what constitutes sufficient cause and effect for a construction claimRevised and clarified worked examples of commonly made construction claims and responsesComplete discussions of accurate quantum calculations Perfect for all construction project personnel around the world involved in the preparation of construction claims, Construction Claims and Responses will also benefit those preparing responses to such claims, as well as quantity surveyors, contracts managers, project managers, claims consultants, commercial managers, engineers, architects, and adjudicators.
Construction Collaboration Technologies: An Extranet Evolution
by Paul WilkinsonSince the late 1990s, web-based collaboration technologies (‘project extranets’) have become increasingly widely used within the UK construction industry and are now routinely deployed on the design and construction of thousands of projects. The first book dedicated to the topic, this comprehensive guide will help current and future construction professionals understand, implement and use such systems more effectively. Cutting through the hype and jargon, it offers expert advice and guidance from an industry insider on choosing a software provider, key software features, hosting, legal issues, connectivity, achieving user buy-in and assessing the benefits.
Construction Company Management
by Kumar Neeraj Jha Abid Hasan Asheem ShresthaConstruction Company Management will give readers a detailed understanding of the critical aspects of managing a successful construction company in a dynamic and complex construction business environment characterised by intense competition, supply chain disruptions, and rapid changes in technology, regulations, client preferences, and market conditions.The book will introduce readers to different dimensions of construction company management. The topics covered reflect current business practices in the construction industry, including company strategy and business models, stakeholder management, contract management, resource management, risk management, knowledge management, company finance, digital innovation, organisational resilience, and the regulatory environment. The book also includes much-needed discussions on ethics, integrity and professional standards, and diversity, equity, and inclusion in construction companies. It explores the opportunities and challenges relevant to construction company management in global contexts with the help of case studies from different regions of the world.Providing a concise book on this essential subject, Construction Company Management serves both students and those educators who teach it in their built environment courses. Practitioners will find the theory-informed company management practices discussed in the book valuable and useful in their practical contexts.
Construction Contract Administration for Project Owners
by Claude G. LancomeConstruction Contract Administration for Project Owners is aimed at public and private owners of real estate and construction projects. The book is intended to assist owners in their contractual dealings with their designers and their contractors. Most owners are not primarily in the business of designing and building facilities. The fact that their primary business is not design and construction places them at a disadvantage when negotiating, drafting, and administering design agreements and construction contracts because their designers and contractors use these documents every day. This book is intended to assist owners to redress this imbalance by equipping owners to draft and administer contracts so as to protect their interests. The book is aimed at owner personnel with all levels of knowledge in the business of managing projects. It can serve as a comprehensive introduction to drafting and administering design agreements and construction contracts for beginners. For intermediate level personnel, it can serve as a manual to be read to enhance the reader’s skills in this area. For the sophisticated project management professional, it can serve as a resource to be consulted in connection with very specific issues as they arise on a project.
Construction Contractors: Accounting and Auditing (AICPA)
by James Wiedemann Robert MercadoWith construction activity increasing and significant changes to the revenue recognition model, it is more important than ever for accountants and financial managers to be on top of the very latest in accounting and auditing changes for the construction industry. This guide examines the most recent updates and key issues impacting construction accounting and auditing. It covers new changes as a result of FASB ASU 2014-09, it also explores the relationship between the contractor and the surety.
Construction Contractors: Advanced Issues
by Dale RutherConstruction Contractors: Advanced Issues by Dale Ruther
Construction Digitalisation: A Capability Maturity Model for Construction Organisations (Routledge Research Collections for Construction in Developing Countries)
by Clinton Aigbavboa Wellington Thwala Douglas Aghimien Ayodeji OkeThis book explores construction digitalisation, particularly in developing countries. The book conceptualises a digitalisation capability maturity model that will enable construction organisations to self-assess and benchmark their digital capabilities in their quest for digital transformation. Digitalisation offers a significant solution to the age-long problems of the construction industry. Research shows that when construction organisations transform from a traditional service delivery approach to a more digitalised approach, significant improvement in project delivery and better competitive advantage for these organisations will be attained. The attainment of these benefits is evident in developed countries where the digitalisation of construction activities continues apace. Unfortunately, the story is not the same for construction organisations in developing economies. While some organisations might be willing to be digitally transformed, most have no clue how to go about it. To this end, this book provides guidelines for construction organisations seeking to transform their entities digitally. Its content is a valuable read for construction company owners as it provides a model which they can use in the digitalisation of their activities. Also, regulatory bodies in the construction industry can adopt the capabilities identified in the book as essential prerequisites for their members. Furthermore, the book serves as excellent theoretical background reading for management researchers seeking to expand their knowledge on the digitalisation of the construction industry and other associated industries.
Construction Economics: A New Approach
by Danny MyersConstruction Economics provides students with the principles underlying the relationship between economic theory and the construction industry. Its new approach specifically examines the problems of securing sustainable construction. The new edition has been fully revised to provide an overview of the economy and construction markets since the global financial crisis. As such it examines the challenges of changing government policy, adapting to climate change, adopting BIM, and reducing costs. A new introduction along with new readings, data, examples, glossary items, government strategies, and references, revises this established core text and brings it up to the historic EU referendum. As with previous editions, it retains a tried and tested format: a clear and user-friendly style use of a second colour for emphasis regular summaries of key points a glossary of construction economics extensive use of tables and figures extracts from Construction Management and Economics reviews of useful websites. This invaluable textbook is essential reading across a wide range of disciplines from construction management and civil engineering to architecture, property and surveying.