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Contextualizing Entrepreneurship Theory (Routledge Studies in Entrepreneurship)
by Friederike Welter Ted BakerAs the breadth and empirical diversity of entrepreneurship research have increased rapidly during the last decade, the quest to find a "one-size-fits-all" general theory of entrepreneurship has given way to a growing appreciation for the importance of contexts. This promises to improve both the practical relevance and the theoretical rigor of research in this field. Entrepreneurship means different things to different people at different times and in different places and both its causes and its consequences likewise vary. For example, for some people entrepreneurship can be a glorious path to emancipation, while for others it can represent the yoke tethering them to the burdens of overwork and drudgery. For some communities it can drive renaissance and vibrancy while for others it allows only bare survival. In this book, we assess and attempt to push forward contemporary conceptualizations of contexts that matter for entrepreneurship, pointing in particular to opportunities generating new insights by attending to contexts in novel or underexplored ways. This book shows that the ongoing contextualization of entrepreneurship research should not simply generate a proliferation of unique theories – one for every context – but can instead result in better theory construction, testing and understanding of boundary conditions, thereby leading us to richer and more profound understanding of entrepreneurship across its many forms. Contextualizing Entrepreneurship Theory will critically review the current debate and existing literature on contexts and entrepreneurship and use this to synthesize new theoretical and methodological frameworks that point to important directions for future research.
Contextualizing Jamaica’s Relationship with the IMF
by Carol Nelson Christine ClarkeThis ambitious book provides a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative assessment of Jamaica’s ties to the International Monetary Fund, focusing on Jamaica’s historical relationship with the IMF and reflecting on the domestic and international discourse surrounding the evolution of this relationship. Notably, this volume presents a critical analysis of Jamaica’s first engagement with and departure from the IMF and interrogates the political economy of the period. Jamaica’s economic experiences are assessed in the context of major global events, including the food price crises of 2007 and the global economic crises of 2008 and 2009. This book also looks at policy implications, and its well-researched analysis will be of great value to practitioners and policymakers as well as academics.
Contextualizing the COVID Pandemic in India: A Development Perspective (India Studies in Business and Economics)
by Indrani Gupta Mausumi DasThis book brings together contributions that explore various dimensions of the pandemic from a long-term development perspective. It also analyzes the existing policy responses and the gaps therein, to enable a greater understanding of how public policy – during a pandemic like COVID-19 – can be better aligned with the developmental challenges faced by individuals and households in India. Through its thirteen contributions, the book highlights the connection between the pandemic and development as deep and multilayered, and not unidirectional. It highlights how the existing inequalities and inequities in the system determined who gets impacted and to what extent, and how soon they can recover, if at all. It analyzes policies and programmes that have been implemented based mostly on the immediate pandemic crisis, and responded less to the pre-existing conditions that have shaped socio-economic outcomes. The book would be a great resource to study possible future responses to similar health disasters in a multi-cultural, multi-religion, multi-caste and multi-class melting pot like India.
Contigo hasta la muerte: El arte de cultivar clientes de por vida
by David Gomez GomezMás importante que la venta es la recurrencia Lograr una venta es fácil: baje el precio, ofrezca un beneficio adicional o prometa un servicio extra y el cliente aceptará. Ha sido la fórmula por siglos. Ahora la pregunta es: ¿de qué sirve vender una vez, si el cliente no repite y no nos recomienda? La propuesta de Contigo hasta la muerte es muy sencilla: aprenda cómo pasar de la primera compra a la recurrencia; cómo dejar de pensar en transacciones para pensar en relaciones, y cómo convertir clientes esporádicos en fervientes promotores de su negocio. La forma para lograrlo es simple: cumpla sus promesas y no se pierda del radar. Se llama generar resultados y construir relaciones. Y para cerrar el proceso con broche de oro está el vendedor, quien al mejor estilo de un canciller hace que comulguen dos mundos divergentes en apariencia: el del cliente y el del proveedor. El representante de ventas, o quien desempeñe esa función, es el que lidera la transformación de la relación con los clientes. Convierta un amor de verano (compra esporádica) en un "hasta que la muerte nos separe" (lealtad incondicional). Bienvenido a un mundo maravilloso de longevidad comercial.
Contiguity, Connectivity and Access: The Importance of the Bay of Bengal Region in Indian Foreign Policy
by Anita Sengupta Suranjan DasThis volume examines themes like contemporary factors shaping the emergence of the Bay of Bengal region as a critical strategic theatre in Indian foreign policy; the inter-connectedness of the Indian and Pacific Oceans; the importance of oceans to security and commerce and India’s role within the broader region; the twenty-first century maritime Silk Road and Indian alternatives and the possibilities of reconnecting disconnected spaces through re-imagining a Bay of Bengal Community. In this connection the volume takes particular note of the emerging regional cooperative order for the promotion of peace and development in the Bay of Bengal region (BIMSTEC). The volume brings together historians, political analysts and political economists to emphasize the interconnectedness of the oceanic space through a detailed analysis of the Bay of Bengal as a space of strategic and economic significance, particularly for India, but also as a space for re-imagining a new regional community. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan).
Continent in Crisis: The U.S. Civil War in North America (Reconstructing America)
by Brian Schoen, Jewel L. Spangler, and Frank TowersWritten by leading historians of the mid–nineteenth century United States, this book focuses on the continental dimensions of the U.S. Civil War. It joins a growing body of scholarship that seeks to understand the place of America’s mid-nineteenth-century crisis in the broader sweep of world history. However, unlike other studies that have pursued the Civil War’s connections with Europe and the Caribbean, this volume focuses on North America, particularly Mexico, British Canada, and sovereign indigenous states in the West.As the United States went through its Civil War and Reconstruction, Mexico endured its own civil war and then waged a four-year campaign to expel a French-imposed monarch. Meanwhile, Britain’s North American colonies were in complex and contested negotiations that culminated in confederation in 1867. In the West, indigenous nations faced an onslaught of settlers and soldiers seeking to conquer their lands for the United States. Yet despite this synchronicity, mainstream histories of the Civil War mostly ignore its connections to the political upheaval occurring elsewhere in North America.By reading North America into the history of the Civil War, this volume shows how battles over sovereignty in neighboring states became enmeshed with the fratricidal conflict in the United States. Its contributors explore these entangled histories in studies ranging from African Americans fleeing U.S. slavery by emigrating to Mexico to Confederate privateers finding allies in Halifax, Nova Scotia. This continental perspective highlights the uncertainty of the period when the fate of old nations and possibilities for new ones were truly up for grabs.
Continental Airlines--1992 (Abridged)
by Stuart C. Gilson Sam J. KaramThe CEO is preparing a recommendation to the board regarding several potential outside investments in the company, which is currently operating in bankruptcy. In making his decision, the CEO has to consider various financial and strategic factors, including possible synergy benefits and support for the company's huge planned expenditures on new aircraft. To assess the relative merits of the competing investment proposals, it is also necessary to value the company's assets and prescribe a new capital structure for the company after it leaves Chapter 11. Tax factors are extremely important in the analysis. The final decision must be acceptable to the company's creditors and be compatible with allowed U.S. bankruptcy practices.
Continental Carriers, Inc.
by W. Carl KesterA U.S. trucking company is considering using debt for the first time to acquire another company. The directors of the company are divided in their opinion of the likely impact of leverage on Continental Carriers' performance. Their differences must be reconciled and a decision reached about whether to issue new debt or equity to fund the acquisition. Students are introduced to the impact of leverage on performance variables such as profits, growth, earnings per share, and stock price. A rewritten version of an earlier case.
Continental Hope Group
by Christopher Marquis Qi LiThis case provides an opportunity to examine and discuss how a traditional Chinese private business was launched and developed into a globalizing, multi-industry corporation. It also highlights how second generation entrepreneurs successfully developed an innovative industry model to sustain a green and profitable business, how the company valued, motivated and retained its talent, and how Chinese private enterprise can go global.
Continental Media Group: Business Highlights
by Robert L. Simons Kathryn RosenbergContinental Media Group has a series of business reviews struggling to achieve profitability. This case focuses on the use of management control systems to identify emerging opportunities and the formulation of new strategies. The interactive system used by top managers-the Friday Packet-is described and illustrated in exhibits. Top managers use this system to focus organizational attention on the critical uncertainties of the business. Provides examples of how new strategies emerge from the dialogue that is generated by the interactive control system.
Continental Perspectives on the Geopolitical Economy of Football
by Simon Chadwick Paul Widdop Michael M. GoldmanThis book explores continental perspectives on football's new geopolitical economy, examining how sport, politics, and the global economy have emerged in different parts of the world. Against a backdrop of international conflict and the rise of powerful new state actors in world sport, the book delves into countries and cases that explore how football investments and events have become instruments of soft power and industrial development, and how football plays an increasingly significant role in global politics and international relations. Featuring the work of leading researchers from around the globe, and case studies from five continents, the book addresses key contemporary issues in world sport. It examines the Gulf States’ investments in European football, the debates around ‘sportwashing’ and human rights, the rise of sports in the politics and cultural relations of China and India, and football’s complex relationship with migration and identity in Africa and Latin America. The book also considers the seismic impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on the geopolitics of football, the shifting landscape of football governance in Europe, the rise of Major League Soccer and the ‘Messi effect,’ and how the emergence of China and India as global economic superpowers is mirrored in their vision for their domestic football leagues. Additionally, the book highlights the role of FIFA and its commercial partners and stakeholders as key geopolitical actors on the world stage. This is essential reading for anyone interested in sport, political economy, international politics, globalization, or development.
Contingency Planning: Preparing Today for Tomorrow's Problems
by Richard LueckeSome crises are unavoidable. For those, you must practice contingency planning or organizing and making decisions before the crisis occurs. Making contingency plans for a fire emergency is an example of how to mitigate a crisis without knowing for certain if it will occur. This chapter offers a few tips for creating such contingency plans.
Contingent Academic Labor: Evaluating Conditions to Improve Student Outcomes (The\new Faculty Majority Ser.)
by Daniel B. DavisContingent Academic Labor is a concise guide that offers higher education professionals a way to measure the degree of equality taking place in work environments for non-tenure track faculty across institutional settings. It frames the relevant issues and examines the nationwide situation facing contingent faculty across the professional landscape. The goal is to review contingent faculty treatment, and offer a standardized way to identify both equitable and unjust practices that impact adjunct faculty and their students by extension.The main feature of this guide is The Contingent Labor Conditions Score, a tool to help evaluate current labor practices that impact adjuncts in both positive and negative ways. The report card measures 3 areas of labor conditions:*Material Equity: Pay, job security and benefits*Professional Equity: Opportunities for advancement, professional development, academic freedom, sense of professional inclusion, and job satisfaction*Social Equity: Gender and race parity between contingent and non-contingent faculty in proportion to the population servedThis book will be useful for administrators and labor organizers alike in assessing the degree of exploitation, or empowerment, in their own institution. The Contingent Labor Conditions Score, as a standardized tool, will serve audiences on both sides of the discussion in creating positive steps forward, improving not only contingent faculty working conditions, but ultimately improving student outcomes.
Contingent Collaboration: When to Use Which Models for Joined-up Government (Elements in Public and Nonprofit Administration)
by Rodney J. Scott Eleanor R. MertonThe question of how agencies can work together has been central to the field of public administration for several decades. Despite significant research, the process of collaboration can still be a fraught endeavour for practitioners. Nevertheless, agencies keep trying to work together because it is the only way to make progress on the biggest challenges facing public administrators. This Element reveals the deeply contingent nature of collaboration, rejecting the idea that collaboration can be reduced to a universal best practice. The New Zealand government has implemented such a contingent approach that maps different collaborative methods against problem settings and the degree of trade-off required from the actors' core or individual work. This Element provides a detailed case study of the New Zealand approach, and 18 embedded elements or 'model' collaborative forms for joined-up government. It explains how New Zealand public servants approach the important question: 'when to use which models?'.
Contingent Convertible Bonds, Corporate Hybrid Securities and Preferred Shares: Instruments, Regulation, Management
by Kamil Liberadzki Marcin LiberadzkiThis book is a comprehensive guide to the new generation of hybrid securities: subordinated and perpetual bonds with deferrable coupon first issued around 2003, and the youngest member of the hybrids family named CoCos (contingent convertibles) being a product of Basel III or European Union CRD IV regime (2014). Contingent capital constitutes a contractual recapitalization mechanism for troubled financial institutions. An increasing number of European banks have issued CoCo bonds in order to bolster their capital ratios. Following the EU pattern, CoCos issues have become increasingly popular within banks in Asia and the Pacific. The EU regulatory treatment of the contingent convertibles issued by banks and insurers together with bank bail-in instruments is at the forefront of the book. Furthermore, the book provides an overview of hybrids pricing and risk assessment approach and covers the non-voting preferred stocks as another hybrids class.
Contingent Faculty and the Remaking of Higher Education: A Labor History (Working Class in American History)
by Erin Hatton Elizabeth Tandy Shermer Eric Fure-Slocum Sue Doe Claire Raymond Gary Rhoades Steven Shulman Joe Berry Helena Worthen Steven Parfitt Claire Goldstene Elizabeth Hohl Gwendolyn Alker Aimee Loiselle Diane Angell Miguel Juarez Maria C Maisto Anne Wiegard William A Herbert Joseph van der Naald Jeff Schuhrke Anne McLeer Trevor Griffey Naomi R Williams Jiyoon ParkAn educational crisis from its origins to present-day experiences In the United States today, almost three-quarters of the people teaching in two- and four-year colleges and universities work as contingent faculty. They share the hardships endemic in the gig economy: lack of job security and health care, professional disrespect, and poverty wages that require them to juggle multiple jobs. This collection draws on a wide range of perspectives to examine the realities of the contingent faculty system through the lens of labor history. Essayists investigate structural changes that have caused the use of contingent faculty to skyrocket and illuminate how precarity shapes day-to-day experiences in the academic workplace. Other essays delve into the ways contingent faculty engage in collective action and other means to resist austerity measures, improve their working conditions, and instigate reforms in higher education. By challenging contingency, this volume issues a clear call to reclaim higher education’s public purpose. Interdisciplinary in approach and multifaceted in perspective, Contingent Faculty and the Remaking of Higher Education surveys the adjunct system and its costs. Contributors: Gwendolyn Alker, Diane Angell, Joe Berry, Sue Doe, Eric Fure-Slocum, Claire Goldstene, Trevor Griffey, Erin Hatton, William A. Herbert, Elizabeth Hohl, Miguel Juárez, Aimee Loiselle, Maria C. Maisto, Anne McLeer, Steven Parfitt, Jiyoon Park, Claire Raymond, Gary Rhoades, Jeff Schuhrke, Elizabeth Tandy Shermer, Steven Shulman, Joseph van der Naald, Anne Wiegard, Naomi R Williams, and Helena Worthen
Contingent Liabilities: Issues and Practice
by Aliona CebotariA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Contingent Valuation of Yangtze Finless Porpoises in Poyang Lake, China
by Yanyan DongThis book presents the findings of the study, and offers analysis of both its methodological and policy-related implications. On the methodology side, it assesses and validates the valuation workshop approach; appraises the effect of distance on willingness to pay and the influence of the respondents' ability to pay. From a policy perspective, the book examines the attitudes and preference of respondents on trade-offs between economic growth and ecological use.
Contingent Work, Disrupted Lives
by Belinda Leach Anthony WinsonContingent Work, Disrupted Lives examines the repercussions of economic globalization on several manufacturing-dependent rural communities in Canada. Foregrounding a distinct interest in the 'grassroots' effects of such contemporary corporate strategies as plant closures and downsizing, authors Anthony Winson and Belinda Leach consider the impact of this restructuring on the residents of various communities. The authors argue that the new rural economy involves a fundamental shift in the stability and security of people's lives and, ultimately, it causes wrenching change and an arduous struggle as rural dwellers struggle to rebuild their lives in the new economic terrain. Beginning with broader theoretical and empirical literature on global changes in the economy and the effects of these changes on labour, the text then focuses exploration on manufacturing in Ontario with an analysis of five community case studies. Winson and Leach give considerable attention to the testimony of numerous residents; they report on in-depth interviews with key respondents and blue-collar workers in five separate communities, ranging from diverse manufacturing towns to single-industry settlements. The result is an intimate contextual knowledge of the workers' lives and their attempts to adapt to the tumultuous economic terrain of 1990s rural Canada.Winner of the John Porter Prize for 2003, awarded by the Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association.
Continual Improvement in Government Tools and Methods
by Jerry W. KoehlerKey to the success of quality implementation is the understandingteam members have of the process and the tools to be used. Continual Improvement in Government: Tools and Methods was designed to provide users with a complete description and practical examples of these tools and viable techniques that will benefit teams. This book examines the four most popular tools: flowcharting; cause and effect diagrams; Pareto charts; and histograms-and shows how to apply them in the public service sector.To improve processes requires effective decision-making and effective decision-making begins with accurate data. Koehler and Pankowski dispel the myths and fears of data collection and analysis. In a step-by-step approach, they lead you through the very heart of Quality Management...DATA. Continual Improvement in Government: Tools and Methods provides an understandable format that explains the importance of data, the differences in the quality of data, why it is collected, and how it is used.
Continuing Professional Development of TESOL Practitioners: A Global Landscape (Springer Texts in Education)
by Andrzej Cirocki Heather Buchanan Raichle FarrellyThis textbook serves as a current and comprehensive resource on effective Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for TESOL practitioners in various contexts around the world at various stages in their careers. The practices described by language teachers, teacher educators and professional development providers in this book offer a vision of critical issues to consider when designing and evaluating professional development opportunities. Effective professional development requires careful planning informed by the realities of the local context and the specific needs of the teachers. This textbook is designed to support those who provide professional development opportunities by presenting global perspectives on professional development for a range of teaching contexts at different language levels. Each chapter includes a discussion about the type and source of support available in the given context, as well as a reflection on the challenges that exist for both teachers and CPD providers. These insights serve to help CPD designers and providers as they problematize teacher development opportunities in their context. Each chapter concludes with a synthesis of the strengths of CPD in the local context and a discussion of future directions that target opportunities for transformation and improvement. This volume celebrates teachers, teacher educators and CPD providers around the world. High-impact practices are presented from fifteen countries: Cameroon, Canada, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Qatar, South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tanzania and the United States of America.
Continuing Professional Development of Teachers in Finland
by Fred Dervin Yongjian LiThis book examines continuing professional development (CPD) of teachers in Finland. As one of the best-performing countries in terms of education, the Finnish education system is often revered and held up as an example to follow. However, the authors argue that CPD actually constitutes the Achilles’ heel of this ‘miraculous’ system, demonstrating that in fact it is a victim of contradictory discourses and actions among decision-makers, teacher educators and practitioners. Including extensive interviews from CPD providers, teachers and other educational actors, the authors critically discuss the ‘wonders’ of Finnish education, in the process debunking various myths created both inside and outside Finland. The authors also call for a new approach to comparative and international education. Based on over 20 years of experience in Finnish education, this pioneering book will be of interest and value to students and scholars of Finnish education, continuing professional development and international education branding more generally.
Continuing Professional Development: A Practical Guide for Teachers and Schools (Educational Management Ser.)
by Anna CraftFirst Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Continuing Professional Development: Lifelong Learning of Millions
by Andrew L. FriedmanContinuing Professional Development (CPD) is the means by which the professions across the world ensure that their knowledge and skills remain up to date and relevant to changing needs and environments. CPD significantly contributes to the quality and reputation of the professions and therefore to the quality of national and international social life and economic well being. Starting with a discussion on what CPD is, the author analyzes how professional bodies govern CPD, what support they provide to individual professionals and how they measure or evaluate what individuals do under the provenance of CPD. Continuing Professional Development explains why, up to now, CPD has been a relatively neglected subject in spite of it being carried out by millions. It argues whether a variety of perspectives or visions of CPD has held back wider public appreciation of it and if greater co-ordination by professional bodies, or the introduction of new players to the field, will change this in the future. Providing the first comprehensive study of the subject, this innovative book will be required reading for CPD professionals and researchers and is a fascinating read for all professionals, especially those involved with human resource development and management / leadership development.
Continuing Transformation of Asahi Glass: Implementing EVA
by Mihir A. Desai Masako Egawa Yanjun WangThis case explores the use of EVA--economic value added--methodology at Asahi Glass. EVA is among the changes initiated by the CEO aimed at transforming Asahi Glass from a traditional Japanese company to a global firm. Other changes included a corporate reorganization into worldwide business groups, the appointment of non-Japanese managers to key positions, and corporate governance reforms. The EVA methodology was introduced to improve resource allocation across Asahi's numerous businesses around the world and to evaluate the managerial performance of top executives. It examines how the company calculated EVA and, in particular, how it calculated the weighted average cost of capital for its different businesses in different countries. Is Asahi Glass gaining benefits from the EVA methodology, and does it contribute to the transformation of Asahi Glass into a truly international firm?