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Cost-of-Capital in Managerial Finance: An Examination of Practices in the German Real Economy Sector (Contributions to Management Science)
by Dennis SchlegelThis book examines cost-of-capital models and their application in the context of managerial finance. This includes the use of hurdle rates in capital allocation decisions, as well as target returns in performance management. Besides a review of classical finance models such as the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), other contemporary models and techniques to determine the cost-of-capital of business units and private companies are discussed. Based on a mixed methods approach, current cost-of-capital practices and their determinants are empirically analyzed among German companies.
Costa Rica After Coffee: The Co-op Era in History and Memory
by Lowell GudmundsonCosta Rica After Coffee explores the political, social, and economic place occupied by the coffee industry in contemporary Costa Rican history. In this follow-up to the 1986 classic Costa Rica Before Coffee, Lowell Gudmundson delves deeply into archival sources, alongside the individual histories of key coffee-growing families, to explore the development of the co-op movement, the rise of the gourmet coffee market, and the societal transformations Costa Rica has undergone as a result of the coffee industry’s powerful presence in the country.While Costa Rican coffee farmers and co-ops experienced a golden age in the 1970s and 1980s, the emergence and expansion of a gourmet coffee market in the 1990s drastically reduced harvest volumes. Meanwhile, urbanization and improved education among the Costa Rican population threatened the continuance of family coffee farms, because of the lack of both farmland and a successor generation of farmers. As the last few decades have seen a rise in tourism and other industries within the country, agricultural exports like coffee have ceased to occupy the same crucial space in the Costa Rican economy. Gudmundson argues that the fulfillment of promises of reform from the co-op era had the paradoxical effect of challenging the endurance of the coffee industry.
Costa Rica: 2001 Article IV Consultation--Staff Report; Staff Statement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Costa Rica
by International Monetary FundA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Costa Rica: Selected Issues (Imf Staff Country Reports)
by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.A report from the International Monetary Fund.
Costco Companies, Inc.
by David E. Bell Ann LeamonCostco Companies, one of the major players in the wholesale club industry, has developed a new class of membership that offers discounted services--auto, health, and home insurance, business credit card processing, real estate services--in exchange for a higher annual fee ($100 vs. $40). The case poses two questions: 1) how should the new membership be marketed, to whom, and how much should be spent on the effort? and 2) what are the potential risks and benefits for Costco, which generated $22 billion in 1997 selling products in bulk, in offering services? Which question is emphasized depends on whether the case is taught in a marketing or a retailing course.
Costing Alternative Choices
by Jacob Cohen David F. HawkinsDiscusses the role of differential cost and revenues in solving alternative choice problems.
Costly Bargain of Trade Promotion
by John A. Quelch Walter J. Salmon Robert D. BuzzellOver the last decade, power in the retailing of packaged goods has shifted from manufacturers to wholesalers and sellers. One result has been an increase in consumer and trade promotion. But many trade promotion practices are costly to manufacturers, retailers, and eventually consumers. The authors single out forward buying in the grocery trade and offer evidence of the costs of this practice to the distribution system as a whole. They suggest a policy called "everyday low purchase price", designed to smooth the peaks and valleys of demand and reduce the costs of distribution.
Costly Fix: Power, Politics, And Nature In The Tar Sands
by Ian UrquhartCostly Fix examines the post-1995 Alberta tar sands boom, detailing how the state inflated the profitability of the tar sands and turned a blind eye to environmental issues. It considers the position of First Nations, the character and strength of environmental critiques, and the difficulties that environmental groups and First Nations have had in establishing a countermovement to market fundamentalism. The final chapter discusses how Alberta's new NDP government, in its first couple of years, has addressed the legacies they have inherited from the previous Progressive Conservative government on climate change, royalties, and the blight of tailings ponds in the boreal forest. Throughout the book, Urquhart demonstrates that too many actors have done too little to prevent Alberta's boreal forest from becoming a landscape sacrificed for unsustainable economic growth.
Costovation: Innovation That Gives Your Customers Exactly What They Want--And Nothing More
by Stephen Wunker Jennifer Luo LawWow your customers . . . with "less." Cut costs-it's a common corporate refrain. But if you constantly slash expenditures, what happens to innovation? How can you stay competitive and satisfy customers? Costovation solves the dilemma of how to spend less and innovate more. The book's revolutionary approach broadens the definition of innovation beyond products to the business model itself. With costovation, you let go of assumptions, take a fresh look at the market, and relentlessly focus on what customers really want. Consider Planet Fitness-it grew to 7.3 million members by concentrating on casual exercisers. Those folks don't care about frills. They want easy, low-cost access to good equipment. Although it's inexpensive to run, Planet Fitness ranks highest in gym satisfaction. Gourmet grocer, Picard, sells only frozen food. With less perishable inventory, they compress costs while delighting a discerning but busy clientele. Packed with examples and interactive exercises, the book explores cost innovation strategies that work for big and small companies alike. From open innovation and cost-sharing to simplifying products and turning waste into new offerings-readers learn how rivals are carving out niches, protecting positions, and dominating industries. Innovation and cost-cutting are not opposites. Combined, they expose untapped opportunities to outsmart and underspend competitors.
Costs and Benefits: Why We Need to Study Bad Leadership
by Barbara KellermanMost books that examine leadership do so from the perspective that true leaders are good and ethical leaders, with little or no attention paid to bad leaders. With the costs of bad leadership being so high, ignoring its existence, and allowing it to continue, is a disservice to everyone involved. And focusing on leaders and shortchanging the role of followers, when the two should be looked at in tandem, only makes matters worse.
Costs and Expenses - No Hard-and-Fast Rules: Financial Intelligence for Entrepreneurs
by Karen Berman Joe KnightMost entrepreneurs watch expenses closely. But did you know that there are plenty of estimates and biases that go into those expense lines? This chapter examines the major line items in this section of the income statement - including cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and one-time charges, among others. This chapter is excerpted from "Financial Intelligence for Entrepreneurs."
Costs and Expenses: No Hard-and-Fast Rules
by John Case Karen Berman Joe KnightMost managers have plenty of personal experience with expenses. But did you know that there are plenty of estimates and biases that go into those expense lines? This chapter examines the major line items in this section of the income statement.
Costs and ROI: Evaluating at the Ultimate Level (Measurement and Evaluation Series #5)
by Jack J. Phillips Lizette ZunigaCosts and ROI Costs and ROI is the fifth of six books in the Measurement and Evaluation Series from Pfeiffer. The proven ROI Methodology--developed by the ROI Institute--provides a practical system for evaluation planning, data collection, data analysis, and reporting. All six books in the series offer the latest tools, most current research, and practical advice for measuring ROI in a variety of settings. All costs must be captured for an accurate cost profile. Costs and ROI focuses on developing program costs and the ROI and explains this vital element in the ROI Methodology. The authors show how to capture all costs in order to bring credibility to the analysis. The book outlines the actual ROI calculation and explains the many assumptions and issues that must be considered when calculating the ROI. Costs and ROI presents three effective calculations: the benefit-cost ratio, the ROI percentage, and the payback period. Costs and ROI includes all the challenges and concerns regarding the use of ROI.
Costs, Value, and the Entrepreneurial Venture Journey: Developing Value-Driven Ventures (Palgrave Studies in Accounting and Finance Practice)
by Raffi G. ChammassianIn the fast-paced world of startups and innovation, costs are often treated with passive recognition—overshadowed by strategy, growth, and funding. But what if costs were the key to unlocking sustainable value and driving strategic success? This groundbreaking book redefines the role of costs within the entrepreneurial venture lifecycles, transforming them from passive considerations to active tools for creating, capturing, and extracting value. Through a fresh lens, it explores the inseparable relationship between costs, strategy, and investments—guiding entrepreneurs, founders, and innovation ecosystem players through every stage of the journey, from ideation to successful exit into a reincarnated life. Finally, it establishes a framework for value-driven business models as dynamic, three-dimensional platforms—driven by technology, markets, and exits—where intellectual capital development plays a fundamental role. With practical insights grounded primarily in strategic management accounting and entrepreneurial finance, and supported by real-world applications, this book establishes a powerful foundation for integrating costs into value-driven business strategies. It equips startup founders, innovation ecosystem players, researchers, and academics alike with the tools to rethink costs as a strategic advantage. Whether you're building a startup, thriving in the innovation and knowledge economy, or delving into entrepreneurial finance, this book will transform the way you think about costs—turning them into a powerful catalyst for growth and success.
Costume And Fashion: A Concise History
by James Laver Amy de la HayeThe new fifth edition of this classic guide to clothing throughout history now extends into the second decade of the 21st century. James Laver's classic study of clothing, from the invention of the needle to the dawn of denim, neolithic weavers to catwalk creations, has been updated once again to cover the latest trends, from vintage to high street chic and the spectacular reinvention of haute couture. Featuring designers such as Alexander McQueen and Marc Jacobs, and style leaders Kate Moss and the Duchess of Cambridge, a new final chapter explains the forces shaping fashion today, including Internet technology, celebrity influence, 'fast fashion', the recession and global markets. With eight new pages, six new illustrations and an entirely new final chapter, this book reclaims its position as the definitive concise history of the subject, and remains essential reading for all students of art, costume and fashion.
Costume Design 101: The Business and Art of Creating Costumes for Film and Television
by Richard LaMotteWritten by an industry venteran with 40 years of experience, this book is the new edition of Costume Design
Cost–Benefit Analysis (Elements in Public Economics)
by Per-Olov Johansson Bengt KriströmThis Element on cost-benefit analysis provides a summary of recent theoretical and empirical developments and summarizes state-of-the-art stated-preference and revealed-preference valuation methods. The Element discusses how to assess small (or marginal) as well as large (or non-marginal) projects that have a significant impact on prices and/or other economic variables. It also discusses distortions like taxes, market power, and sticky prices. In addition, risk/uncertainty is considered. A novel feature is the elaboration on flexible evaluation rules for reasonably small projects. Conventional point-estimates of projects should be used with care, because they typically give biased results.
Cotopaxi: Managing Growth for Good
by Laura Huang Andy WuCotopaxi, an innovative outdoor gear business targeting millennials, focuses on profit and social impact. This registered benefit corporation was formed by Davis Smith who coalesced his experiences as a Wharton MBA student along with professional knowledge from an unpaid internship in Peru and his previous e-commerce startups in the US and Brazil. Cotopaxi's social cause is fighting global poverty; their target is to donate 10% of their profits but as a new capital-intensive business they give 2% of their revenue. Their income streams are mainly direct to consumer sales along with corporate sales and a special experience based event-Questival. Their direct to consumer model lowers costs compared to competitors and allows Cotopaxi to offer lower prices, but they face a challenge in positioning their products as high quality.
Cotopaxi: Managing Growth for Good
by Laura Huang Andy WuCotopaxi, an innovative outdoor gear business targeting millennials, focuses on profit and social impact. This registered benefit corporation was formed by Davis Smith who coalesced his experiences as a Wharton MBA student along with professional knowledge from an unpaid internship in Peru and his previous e-commerce startups in the US and Brazil. Cotopaxi's social cause is fighting global poverty; their target is to donate 10% of their profits but as a new capital-intensive business they give 2% of their revenue. Their income streams are mainly direct to consumer sales along with corporate sales and a special experience based event-Questival. Their direct to consumer model lowers costs compared to competitors and allows Cotopaxi to offer lower prices, but they face a challenge in positioning their products as high quality.
Cottle-Taylor: Expanding the Oral Care Group in India
by John A. Quelch Alisa ZaloshBrinda Patel, director of oral care products for the India division of a consumer home-care product company, develops a data-driven marketing plan for toothbrushes. She believes her plan can support a 20% increase in unit sales based on rising demand for modern oral-care products in India. Her boss, the VP of Marketing, believes her forecast is too conservative and suggests spending more money on promotions to boost sales by 30%. Patel must develop a new plan to meet this higher growth rate by increasing the advertising budget and revising the distribution of the budget across three targeted advertising messages. She must also consider the regional challenges within India between rural and urban consumers and their willingness to adopt a modern approach to dental care. Students must build a projected income statement and consider the effects of increasing the advertising budget and changing the product mix in favor of higher margin toothbrushes.
Cotton Enterprises: Lombardy in the Industrial Revolution, 1815-1860 (Routledge International Studies in Business History)
by Silvia A. Conca MessinaBased on innovative and unique primary sources (e.g. notarial deeds) Cotton Enterprises: Networks and Strategies looks to tell the story of the Lombardy cotton industry in the early 19th century, particularly the stories of entrepreneurs such as Francesco Turati who were able to ‘corner’ this otherwise atomistic industry. The book looks at both the financial and strategic elements of the businesses, as well as looking at enabling technology and even the emergence of factory organization in Italy and takes a business history analysis of pre-industrial business enterprises in a developing economy by taking into account all the crucial functions of enterprise. Cotton Enterprises: Networks and Strategies makes important contributions to the study and research of the financing of early cotton mills, technology transfer in these entrepreneurial ventures, the organization of production, including a detailed discussion of the available technology, networks and relationships within the district. By highlighting the shift from putting-out to factory system, the crucial change of actors (both entrepreneurs and workers) and the birth of a local industrial district, exerting a long-lasting influence on the history of the area the book outlines the building of entrepreneurial networks and social hierarchies in (at the time) a new urban context. Aimed at scholars, researchers and students in the fields of management history, development entrepreneurship and regional economics, Cotton Enterprises: Networks and Strategies answers previously non-addressable questions via innovative research methods and, as such, will be a key work in the field for years to come.
Cotton Sector Development in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities (Textile Science and Clothing Technology)
by Abera Kechi Kabish K. Murugesh Babu Getnet Belay Tesema Bizuayehu Kerisew SemahagnThis book highlights the development of cotton sector and its related issues, in Ethiopia. The book is a comprehensive collection of detailed chapters ranging from agricultural aspects of cotton, its value chain, and economics. It provides an overview of the cotton sector development and the challenges faced in the growth and extension of cotton production and research in three separate sections i.e., cotton agriculture, cotton fibre technology and cross-cutting issues in the cotton sector. In the first part of the book, agricultural aspects of cotton fibre production such as, cotton agronomy, genetics and breeding, biotechnology, mechanized production, crop harvesting management are discussed in detail. This is followed by chapters concerned to a comprehensive knowledge on cotton fibre demand and supply in Ethiopia, ginning technology and industries, cotton quality testing and grading, quality requirements for spinning, cotton fabric production, chemical processing aspects and therole of cotton fabrics in the Ethiopian fashion industry. The final section of the book deals with chapters on the cotton seed production techniques, cotton research and promotion, challenges in quality cotton production, cotton value chain and economics and sustainable cotton production. This book is a valuable resource for all those concerned with cotton biology and agriculture, production and extension, research and development, fashion industry, research and academia.
Cotton, Climate, and Camels in Early Islamic Iran: A Moment in World History
by Richard W. BullietA boom in the production and export of cotton made Iran the richest region of the Islamic caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries. Yet in the eleventh century, Iran's impressive agricultural economy entered a steep decline, bringing the country's primacy to an end. Richard W. Bulliet advances several provocative theses to explain these hitherto unrecognized historical events. According to Bulliet, the boom in cotton production directly paralleled the spread of Islam, and Iran's agricultural decline stemmed from a significant cooling of the climate that lasted for over a century. The latter phenomenon also prompted Turkish nomadic tribes to enter Iran for the first time, establishing a political dominance that would last for centuries. Substantiating his argument with innovative quantitative research and recent scientific discoveries, Bulliet first establishes the relationship between Iran's cotton industry and Islam and then outlines the evidence for what he terms the "Big Chill." Turning to the story of the Turks, he focuses on the lucrative but temperature-sensitive industry of cross-breeding one-humped and two-humped camels. He concludes that this unusual concatenation of events had a profound and long-lasting impact not just on the history of Iran but on the development of world affairs in general.
Cotton, Water, Salts and Soums: Economic and Ecological Restructuring in Khorezm, Uzbekistan
by Inna Rudenko P.L.G. Vlek John P.A. Lamers Christopher MartiusThis book summarizes a long-term research project addressing land and water use in the irrigated areas of the Aral Sea basin. In an interdisciplinary approach, natural and human sciences are combined to elucidate the challenges of economic transition that affect the use of land, water and biological resources, ecological sustainability, economic efficiency and the livelihoods of the local population. The research focuses on Khorezm, a region in Uzbekistan, located on the Amudarya river, in the heart of Central Asia. A series of chapters describes the biophysical environment and the aspects of society and institutions that shape land and water use. The book discusses options and tools to improve land and water management, and to reform the economic system management, based on agronomic, hydrological, economic ans social studies and modeling. The insights are not only important for Uzbekistan, but for all countries in transitions and irrigated dryland areas elsewhere.
Cougars
by Mihir A. Desai Scott P. MasonProvides an introduction to zero coupon bonds and stripping coupon bonds. Concerns the relationship between the spot curve, the strip curve, and the coupon curve.