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Credit to Capabilities
by Paromita SanyalCredit to Capabilities focuses on the controversial topic of microcredit's impact on women's empowerment and, especially, on the neglected question of how microcredit transforms women's agency. Based on interviews with hundreds of economically and socially vulnerable women from peasant households, this book highlights the role of the associational mechanism - forming women into groups that are embedded in a vast network and providing the opportunity for face-to-face participation in group meetings - in improving women's capabilities. This book reveals the role of microcredit groups in fostering women's social capital, particularly their capacity of organizing collective action for public goods and for protecting women's welfare. It argues that, in the Indian context, microcredit groups are becoming increasingly important in rural civil societies. Throughout, the book maintains an analytical distinction between married women in male-headed households and women in female-headed households in discussing the potentials and the limitations of microcredit's social and economic impacts.
Credit to the Community: Community Reinvestment and Fair Lending Policy in the United States
by Dan ImmergluckThis book provides the most comprehensive examination of community reinvestment and fair lending problems and policies currently available. It outlines the history of lending discrimination and redlining in U.S. mortgage and small business lending markets, and documents the persistence of such problems today. The author explains the role that government has played in developing banking and credit markets in the United States, from the creation of Alexander Hamilton's First Bank of the United States to the ongoing support government provides through the subsidization of secondary markets and through maintenance of critical regulatory infrastructure. Immergluck takes issue with those calling for deregulation of financial services - especially in the arena of fair lending and consumer protection - and gives new voice to rationales for social contract policies such as the Community Reinvestment Act. He provides new long-term analysis of the failure of federal bank regulators to enforce the CRA, and also shows how increased community activism and media attention have led to sporadic periods of stronger CRA enforcement. Finally, he recommends a number of policy changes that are needed to modernize the nation's fair lending and community reinvestment laws and make them more relevant for the 21st century.
Credit, Fashion, Sex: Economies of Regard in Old Regime France
by Clare Haru CrowstonIn Old Regime France credit was both a central part of economic exchange and a crucial concept for explaining dynamics of influence and power in all spheres of life. Contemporaries used the term credit to describe reputation and the currency it provided in court politics, literary production, religion, and commerce. Moving beyond Pierre Bourdieu's theorization of capital, this book establishes credit as a key matrix through which French men and women perceived their world. As Clare Haru Crowston demonstrates, credit unveils the personal character of market transactions, the unequal yet reciprocal ties binding society, and the hidden mechanisms of political power.Credit economies constituted "economies of regard" in which reputation depended on embodied performances of credibility. Crowston explores the role of fashionable appearances and sexual desire in leveraging credit and reconstructs women's vigorous participation in its gray markets. The scandalous relationship between Queen Marie Antoinette and fashion merchant Rose Bertin epitomizes the vertical loyalties and deep social divides of the credit regime and its increasingly urgent political stakes.
Credit-Risk Modelling: Theoretical Foundations, Diagnostic Tools, Practical Examples, And Numerical Recipes In Python
by David Jamieson BolderThe risk of counterparty default in banking, insurance, institutional, and pension-fund portfolios is an area of ongoing and increasing importance for finance practitioners. It is, unfortunately, a topic with a high degree of technical complexity. Addressing this challenge, this book provides a comprehensive and attainable mathematical and statistical discussion of a broad range of existing default-risk models. Model description and derivation, however, is only part of the story. Through use of exhaustive practical examples and extensive code illustrations in the Python programming language, this work also explicitly shows the reader how these models are implemented. Bringing these complex approaches to life by combining the technical details with actual real-life Python code reduces the burden of model complexity and enhances accessibility to this decidedly specialized field of study. The entire work is also liberally supplemented with model-diagnostic, calibration, and parameter-estimation techniques to assist the quantitative analyst in day-to-day implementation as well as in mitigating model risk. Written by an active and experienced practitioner, it is an invaluable learning resource and reference text for financial-risk practitioners and an excellent source for advanced undergraduate and graduate students seeking to acquire knowledge of the key elements of this discipline.
CreditEase: Providing Credit and Financial Services for China's Underclass
by Paul M. Healy Nancy Hua Dai Lena G. GoldbergIn 2013 Ning Tang, who in 2006 founded CreditEase as a broker of P2P loans to unbanked individuals and small businesses in China, confronts the challenges of rapid growth and expansion in a changing regulatory environment. CreditEase needs to develop technology to manage its growth, address issues related to the company's expansion into products and services for China's growing high net worth (HNW) population, including questions about the suitability of its products and its vulnerability to bad debt losses and a potential leveling off of the growth in China's economy, and adjust to new and more intensive regulatory oversight. What should Tang do to position CreditEase so that it can continue to fulfill its mission of making financial products and services available to millions of underserved Chinese while branching out into other, potentially riskier lines of business and ensuring continuing compliance with evolving laws and regulations? Will its rapid growth be sustainable?
CreditEase: Taking Inclusive Finance Online
by Nancy Hua Dai Michael Chu John S. JiThe world's largest peer-to-peer (P2P) lender annually disbursing over a million loans totaling $10 billion, China's CreditEase, must decide whether to IPO in the NYSE its online lending platform, Yirendai, before the year-end window closes in 2015. Yirendai sought to capture its customers and make virtually instantaneous credit decisions online. CreditEase's commercial success makes funding Yirendai's growth not an issue. P2P lending in China, after explosive growth followed by notorious frauds, is increasingly controversial. On the way to becoming a global example of financial inclusion, as a result of its original business model, CreditEase also pioneered and became a leader in the wealth management industry in China, serving the country's new mass affluent and high net worth families. With so many options, how should Ning Tang, founder and CEO, chart the future strategic direction of CreditEase?
Creditor Activism in Sovereign Debt: "Vulture" Tactics or Market Backbone
by Laura Alfaro Ingrid VogelThe role of distressed debt funds, also known as "vulture funds," in sovereign debt restructuring was a hotly debated topic, especially after the success of Elliot Associates in converting an $11 million investment in Peruvian bonds worth $21 million into a $58 million cash payout from the country, representing the full face value of the bonds plus past-due interest. Highlights the problems associated with debt restructuring coordination. On the one hand, many observers derided firms such as Elliot and Dart as "vultures" or "rouge creditors" who sought to profit on sovereign debt restructurings at the expense of countries suffering economic hardship and of the majority of bondholders whose cooperation allowed the restructurings to take place. Critics believed that these holdout creditors created "collective action problems" and presented a major obstacle to successful sovereign debt restructurings. On the other hand, other observers argued that activist investors actually improved the market overall by demonstrating the enforceability of contracts. In fact, they argued that creditors faced too many hurdles in collecting against countries after receiving favorable judgments in support of claims.
Creditor Activism in Sovereign Debt: Argentina vs. Holdout Investors (B)
by Laura Alfaro Hilary White Gaurav ToshniwalSupplement
Creditworthy: A History of Consumer Surveillance and Financial Identity in America (Columbia Studies in the History of U.S. Capitalism)
by Josh LauerThe first consumer credit bureaus appeared in the 1870s and quickly amassed huge archives of deeply personal information. Today, the three leading credit bureaus are among the most powerful institutions in modern life—yet we know almost nothing about them. Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion are multi-billion-dollar corporations that track our movements, spending behavior, and financial status. This data is used to predict our riskiness as borrowers and to judge our trustworthiness and value in a broad array of contexts, from insurance and marketing to employment and housing. In Creditworthy, the first comprehensive history of this crucial American institution, Josh Lauer explores the evolution of credit reporting from its nineteenth-century origins to the rise of the modern consumer data industry. By revealing the sophistication of early credit reporting networks, Creditworthy highlights the leading role that commercial surveillance has played—ahead of state surveillance systems—in monitoring the economic lives of Americans. Lauer charts how credit reporting grew from an industry that relied on personal knowledge of consumers to one that employs sophisticated algorithms to determine a person's trustworthiness. Ultimately, Lauer argues that by converting individual reputations into brief written reports—and, later, credit ratings and credit scores—credit bureaus did something more profound: they invented the modern concept of financial identity. Creditworthy reminds us that creditworthiness is never just about economic "facts." It is fundamentally concerned with—and determines—our social standing as an honest, reliable, profit-generating person.
Cree Inc.: Introducing the LED Light Bulb
by Michael Norris John GourvilleCree, a North Carolina-based maker of light emitting diodes (LEDs), has just introduced its first consumer product - an LED light bulb. It is designed as an energy efficient replacement for the ubiquitous incandescent light bulb. But given that it is an unfamiliar technology and that it costs ten times what an incandescent bulb costs, there are questions about how best to promote adoption and what sales level might be expected.
Cree, Inc.: Which Bright Future?
by Matthew Shaffer David J. Collis Mary FureyAfter its founding in the late 1980s, Cree Inc. quickly grew into a major player in the emerging LED market. By 2007, technological improvements in LEDs had made them suitable for TV, computer, and mobile "backlighting"; and concerns over global warning led to calls to shift to more energy-efficient sources of general lighting (which favored LEDs, as they were far more efficient than the traditionally-dominant incandescents). In this context, Cree faced a strategic conundrum: Should it focus on its historical expertise in manufacturing LED "chips" and components for use in other manufacturers' applications and screens, where LEDs now had established usage? Or should it instead attempt the risky venture of manufacturing its own LED light-bulbs for direct sale to consumers for general lighting? This case presents the history of Cree and information on the LED and general-lighting markets, as background for a debate on Cree's strategic choice.
Cree, Inc.: Which Bright Future?
by Matthew Shaffer David J. Collis Mary FureyAfter its founding in the late 1980s, Cree Inc. quickly grew into a major player in the emerging LED market. By 2007, technological improvements in LEDs had made them suitable for TV, computer, and mobile "backlighting"; and concerns over global warning led to calls to shift to more energy-efficient sources of general lighting (which favored LEDs, as they were far more efficient than the traditionally-dominant incandescents). In this context, Cree faced a strategic conundrum: Should it focus on its historical expertise in manufacturing LED "chips" and components for use in other manufacturers' applications and screens, where LEDs now had established usage? Or should it instead attempt the risky venture of manufacturing its own LED light-bulbs for direct sale to consumers for general lighting? This case presents the history of Cree and information on the LED and general-lighting markets, as background for a debate on Cree's strategic choice.
Creer, crear, construir: Liderá tu propio camino
by Marcelo Da Costa PortoMarcelo Da Costa Porto nos revela en este libro que emprender no es algo sencillo, pero que el secreto reside en nuestro poder de trabajo y en la pasión que le ponemos a nuestros objetivos. La actitud emprendedora se puede aplicar a todos los ámbitos, y este libro nos invita, de manera ágil y entretenida, a encontrarnos a nosotros mismos en ese camino. A lo largo de las páginas, el lector descubrirá capítulos sobre cómo emprender en familia, sobre las particularidades del mercado local, los desafíos que se presentan, y también sobre cómo lidiar con las nuevas tecnologías.
Creole Economics: Caribbean Cunning under the French Flag
by Katherine E. BrowneBrowne draws on a decade of ethnographic fieldwork and interview data from all socioeconomic sectors to question the common understanding of informal economies as culture-free, survival strategies of the poor. Anchoring her own insights to longer historical and literary views, the author shows how adaptations of cunning have been reinforced since the days of plantation slavery. These adaptations occur, not in spite of French economic and political control, but rather because of it. Powered by the "essential tensions" of maintaining French and Creole identities, the practice of creole economics provides both assertion of and refuge from the difficulties of being dark-skinned and French. This powerful ethnographic study shows how local economic meanings and plural identities help explain work off the books. Like creole language and music, creole economics expresses an irreducibly complex blend of historical, contemporary, and cultural influences.
Crescent Petroleum—Dana Gas: Negotiate, Mediate, Arbitrate
by Sophus A Reinert Kristin E. Fabbe Nathan CisnerosCrescent Petroleum—Dana Gas: Negotiate, Mediate, Arbitrate by Kristin Fabbe, Sophus Reinert and Nathan Cisneros
Crescent Petroleum—Dana Gas: Negotiate, Mediate, Arbitrate
by Sophus A Reinert Kristin E. Fabbe Nathan CisnerosProfessors Kristin Fabbe and Sophus Reinert and Research Associate Nathan Cisneros prepared this case. It was reviewed and approved before publication by a company designate. Funding for the development of this case was provided by Harvard Business School and not by the company. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective managemen
Crescent Pure
by John A. Quelch Alisa ZaloshExecutives from Portland Drake Beverages (PDB) are meeting to determine the appropriate product positioning and advertising campaign for the launch of Crescent Pure, a specialty organic beverage. They have 3 options for positioning: should Crescent Pure be positioned as an energy drink, a sports drink, or should it adopt broader positioning as an "organic health and wellness" beverage? Students studying this case explore customer segmentation, product differentiation analysis, and the evaluation of perceptual maps as a market research technique.
Cresud and Argentina
by David E. Bell Mary ShelmanArgentina-based Cresud managed 1 million hectares (2.5 million acres) of land in South America. For 20 years, the publicly traded company's strategy had been to acquire underutilized properties and turn them into productive farmland for cattle and crops. In 2014, Cresud's CEO wondered if the strategy was still correct in the face of falling commodity prices, more powerful input companies, and potentially positive changes in Argentina's political environment.
Crew Resource Management Training: A Competence-based Approach for Airline Pilots
by Norman MacLeodThe book provides a data-driven approach to real-world crew resource management (CRM) applicable to commercial pilot performance. It addresses the shift to a systems-based resilience thinking that aims to understand how worker performance provides a buffer against failure. This book will be the first to bring these ideas together. Taking a competence-based approach offers a more coherent, relevant approach to CRM. The book presents relevant, real-world examples of the concepts and outlines a change in thinking around pilot performance and data interpretation that is overdue. Airlines, pilots and aviation industry professionals will benefit from the insights into organisational design and alternative approaches to training. FEATURES Approaches CRM from a competence-based perspective Uses a systems model to bring coherence to CRM Includes a chapter on using blended learning and virtual reality to deliver CRM Features research on work/life balance, morale, pilot fatigue and link to error Operationalises ‘resilience engineering’ in a crew context
Crew Resource Management für Führungskräfte im Gesundheitswesen (Erfolgskonzepte Praxis- & Krankenhaus-Management)
by Marcus Rall Sascha LangewandTypische Besonderheiten in der Medizin: Hochrisikobereich, Schichtdienst, Teamwork interdisziplinär. Dies erfordert eine klare, eindeutige, schnelle Kommunikation, die auch in Notfallsituationen funktionieren muss. Anhand der 15 CRM Leitsätze werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, die Personalführung zu verbessern. In Kombination der Anwendung dieser Leitsätze werden folgende Kompetenzen gestärkt: Analyse- und Diagnosekompetenz: CRM basiertes fundiertes Verständnis kommunikativer Dynamiken in Organisationen des GesundheitswesensStärkung der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung in der FührungsrolleFührungskompetenz: Verständnis und Praxis von Leadership im Sinne nachhaltiger Führung, Delegieren im „double loop“ zur Vermeidung von MissverständnissenManagementkompetenzen: Veränderung von Führungsstrukturen und Kommunikationswegen im GesundheitswesenKonfliktkompetenzen: Konfliktanalyse, Konfliktbearbeitung und Konfliktlösung mittels einfacher Methodiken, z.B. „10 Sekunden für 10 Minuten“ Zu den zahlreichen Anwendungsbereichen zählen: Gestaltung von Führungsprozessen, Personal- und Teamentwicklung, Innovationsmanagement und Strategieplanung, Organisationsentwicklung, Changemanagement, Konfliktmanagement – also tägliche Führungsarbeit.
Cribsheet: A Data-Driven Guide to Better, More Relaxed Parenting, from Birth to Preschool (The ParentData Series #2)
by Emily OsterFrom the author of Expecting Better, The Family Firm, and The Unexpected an economist's guide to the early years of parenting.&“Both refreshing and useful. With so many parenting theories driving us all a bit batty, this is the type of book that we need to help calm things down.&” —LA Times&“The book is jampacked with information, but it&’s also a delightful read because Oster is such a good writer.&” —NPR With Expecting Better, award-winning economist Emily Oster spotted a need in the pregnancy market for advice that gave women the information they needed to make the best decision for their own pregnancies. By digging into the data, Oster found that much of the conventional pregnancy wisdom was wrong. In Cribsheet, she now tackles an even greater challenge: decision-making in the early years of parenting. As any new parent knows, there is an abundance of often-conflicting advice hurled at you from doctors, family, friends, and strangers on the internet. From the earliest days, parents get the message that they must make certain choices around feeding, sleep, and schedule or all will be lost. There's a rule—or three—for everything. But the benefits of these choices can be overstated, and the trade-offs can be profound. How do you make your own best decision? Armed with the data, Oster finds that the conventional wisdom doesn't always hold up. She debunks myths around breastfeeding (not a panacea), sleep training (not so bad!), potty training (wait until they're ready or possibly bribe with M&Ms), language acquisition (early talkers aren't necessarily geniuses), and many other topics. She also shows parents how to think through freighted questions like if and how to go back to work, how to think about toddler discipline, and how to have a relationship and parent at the same time. Economics is the science of decision-making, and Cribsheet is a thinking parent's guide to the chaos and frequent misinformation of the early years. Emily Oster is a trained expert—and mom of two—who can empower us to make better, less fraught decisions—and stay sane in the years before preschool.
Cricket Pitches: The Science Behind the Art of Pitch-Making—“An Integrated Pitch Management (I.P.M) Approach” (Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering)
by Devendra Narain Singh Shyam Bahadur Singh Sanjay Kumar Ray H. B. NagarajThe book develops a practical understanding of the fundamental scientific principles and logic underlying the art of turf pitch preparation, measuring, analysing, and interpreting pitch surface behaviour. It’s an attempt to understand how the captains, players, coaches, curators, and groundsmen comprehend and analyse the cricket pitch behaviour (days before and during the matches) and whether the pitch behaviour can be standardised and quantified (through bench marking or forming a data-based management system (DBMS) of a pitch profile, pitch quality standards, a pitch behaviour analysis index (PBAI), or pitch behaviour forecasting (PBF) by examining or analysing its mineralogical, chemical, physical, or morphological compositions, weather variables, and different pitch preparation methods and techniques. Individual chapters in this book deal with clay mineralogy, the bench-marking of cricket pitch soils, pitch soil chemical properties, pitch soil water, pitch turf grass, pitch soil organic matter, integrated rolling management, soil structure, and compressibility. This is an effort to decipher the impact of each and every major and minor component of pitch soil, which controls the pitch behaviour either in large or small magnitudes but acts as a critical factor in defining and shaping the pitch behaviour as a whole. Several real-life examples, pitch interviews, scenarios, and case studies as felt and observed by the curator( first author) during the preparation of various international, national, and board matches or during the construction and renovation of new wickets have been included in each and every relevant chapter so as to analyse, interpret, comprehend, and justify the theoretical science with the existing practises involved in pitch construction, preparation, or judging the complex nature of pitch behaviour. Based on findings through the DBMS, PBAI, and PQS of cricket pitch profiles, various innovative and simple methods of analysing, comprehending, and forecasting pitch behaviour have been devised that will enable one to judge and comprehend the complex pitch behaviour in simple ways.
Crie sua Agência de Marketing Digital
by Robinson Hardin Gerson AguilarComo crio minha agência de marketing on-line? Por onde começo? Quanto dinheiro devo ter? É o que todo empreendedor desta era digital se pediu para formar uma agência de marketing. Com as tecnologias atuais e acesso à Internet, muitas portas se abrem para nós. Um mundo cheio de possibilidades. Este livro irá ajudá-lo a conhecer um pouco mais através destas 14 dicas precisas para realizar com sua Agência de Marketing Online. Cresça, cresça sua marca, relacione-se com seus clientes, estude sua concorrência, isso e muito mais para que você possa começar a iniciar seu negócio de Marketing Digital.
Crime Control, Politics and Policy
by Alida V. Merlo Peter J. BenekosThis book reviews concepts, information and points of view that help to explain the context and constraints of the criminal justice system. The chapters summarize developments in public policy and crime control, and interweave themes central to the discussion: the impact of ideology, the role of the media, and the politicization of crime and criminal justice.
Crime Economics: An Original Institutional Approach (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy)
by Clotilde ChampeyrachePresenting an original institutional approach, this book makes the case for an empirically based crime economics that aims to guide the fight against crime within a logic of reasonable capitalism and the common good.Historically, it was not until a seminal article by Gary Becker that mainstream economists showed any interest in the criminal economy. The new field of crime economics was, in reality, little more than an extension of rational choice theory and cost-benefit analysis to a new subject. However, reducing crime to a single profit perspective has proven reductive: it ignores, for example, crime that affects public order (e.g., vandalism), and the individualistic approach does not seem to be very relevant when dealing with criminal organizations. Criminal phenomena therefore call for a renewal of the analysis. Inspired, in particular, by the work of Veblen and Commons, this book calls for a renewal of the analysis. It argues for an institutional focus on the integration of individuals into organizational and institutional contexts which provides a richer analysis of criminal choices and reintroduces collective and power-seeking motivations. The study of illegal markets uses an evolutionary approach to highlight their dynamic, cooperative, and interconnected dimensions. The question of criminal infiltration of the legal economy is assessed beyond the issue of money laundering to include territorial control strategies. Finally, a review of the liberal economic discourse and the values it embodies raises questions about the responsibility of the legal economy and its players in the expansion of the criminal economy, as well as the risk of a blurring of the boundary between legality and illegality.This renewed global vision is useful both for those who study criminal issues (students and researchers in economics, criminology, law, sociology, and political science) and for practitioners.