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Explaining Wealth Inequality: Property, Possession and Policy Reform (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy)
by Benedict AtkinsonThis book discusses the origins of wealth inequality and explains how societies can reform to avoid the catastrophe of inequality-induced social breakdown. It develops a theoretical and practical understanding of the principles behind the concept of ownership and property, complete with historical examples. It proposes a new research perspective focusing on how the problem of wealth concentration is ameliorated by cooperative and collaborative initiatives to enhance the public sphere, without derogating from the private. The book is based on research data compiled from taxation and household data to explore the theme that wealth inequality is made inevitable by possessive behaviour expressed in possessive language. It shows that while inequality is inescapable, we can adopt policies where resources are more efficiently and broadly distributed for public benefit. Such policies are directed towards encouraging voluntary, as opposed to compulsory, wealth transfer to achieve public good. The primary market for the book consists of academics and students from the fields of economics, including growth and developmental economics, law, sociology, history, business and international trade. It also provides a practical resource for government policy analysts wanting to develop a more detailed understanding of the role played by wealth inequality in a range of social problems.
Explaining the Great Depression
by David A. Moss Joseph P. GownderAlthough the Great Depression stands as the most punishing economic event of the 20th century, there is still remarkably little consensus about its causes. This case presents a number of prominent explanations including those of Franklin D. Roosevelt, John Maynard Keynes, Milton Friedman, and Anna Jacobson Schwartz. Four additional theories are presented in the appendix.
Explaining the Performance of Human Resource Management
by Steve Fleetwood Anthony HeskethHuman resource departments increasingly use the statistical analysis of performance indicators as a way of demonstrating their contribution to organisational performance. In this book, Steve Fleetwood and Anthony Hesketh take issue with this 'scientific' approach by arguing that its preoccupation with statistical analysis is misplaced because it fails to take account of the complexities of organisations and the full range of issues that influence individual performance. The book is split into three parts. Part I deconstructs research into the alleged link between people and business performance by showing that it cannot explain the associations it alleges. Part II attributes these shortcomings to the importation of spurious 'scientific' methods, before going on to suggest more appropriate methods that might be used in future. Finally, Part III explores how HR executives and professionals understand their work and shows how a critical realist stance adds value to this understanding through enhanced explanation.
Explanatory Model Analysis: Explore, Explain, and Examine Predictive Models (Chapman & Hall/CRC Data Science Series)
by Tomasz Burzykowski Przemyslaw BiecekExplanatory Model Analysis Explore, Explain and Examine Predictive Models is a set of methods and tools designed to build better predictive models and to monitor their behaviour in a changing environment. Today, the true bottleneck in predictive modelling is neither the lack of data, nor the lack of computational power, nor inadequate algorithms, nor the lack of flexible models. It is the lack of tools for model exploration (extraction of relationships learned by the model), model explanation (understanding the key factors influencing model decisions) and model examination (identification of model weaknesses and evaluation of model's performance). This book presents a collection of model agnostic methods that may be used for any black-box model together with real-world applications to classification and regression problems.
Explo Leisure Products
by Richard G. HamermeshTim Trowac and Dave Rahall, two former investment bankers, skillfully execute the leveraged buyout of a golf ball recycling company after working intensely on their due diligence, writing a business and financial plan, and developing the investment memorandum. Six months later, they question the competency of their management team, which they had assembled from former Explo employees rather than conduct extensive searches. Now financial results are poor. Trowac and Rahall need to explain the poor performance and come up with an action plan for their investors.
Exploding the Myth?: The Peace Dividend, Regions and Market Adjustment (Routledge Studies in Defence and Peace Economics)
by Derek BraddonFrom a cold war peak of some $1000 billion per annum, world military expenditure has declined by about 40% since 1990, reaching its lowest level for thirty years. With such significant decline in global public expenditure committments to the defence sector, a substantial and lasting peace dividend was anticipated. Most governments believed that market forces, left more or less to their own devices, would deal effectively with this major exogenous shock and generate sufficient new economic activity to allow increased public expenditure on health, education and welfare. The approach of this book is to challenge the fundamental but flawed belief that a substantial and lasting peace dividend could be secured through market solution alone. The principal assertion is that market adjustment by itself cannot deliver such a dividend.The book focuses on the major aspects of the economic, business and security consequences of post Cold War defence expenditure reduction. Key problems obstructing optimal market response are identified and possible remedial action by government and others is considered.
Exploding the Phone: The Untold Story of the Teenagers and Outlaws Who Hacked Ma Bell
by Philip LapsleyBefore smartphones, back even before the Internet and personal computer, a misfit group of technophiles, blind teenagers, hippies, and outlaws figured out how to hack the world's largest machine: the telephone system. Starting with Alexander Graham Bell's revolutionary "harmonic telegraph," by the middle of the twentieth century the phone system had grown into something extraordinary, a web of cutting-edge switching machines and human operators that linked together millions of people like never before. But the network had a billion-dollar flaw, and once people discovered it, things would never be the same. Exploding the Phone tells this story in full for the first time. It traces the birth of long-distance communication and the telephone, the rise of AT&T's monopoly, the creation of the sophisticated machines that made it all work, and the discovery of Ma Bell's Achilles' heel. Phil Lapsley expertly weaves together the clandestine underground of "phone phreaks" who turned the network into their electronic playground, the mobsters who exploited its flaws to avoid the feds, the explosion of telephone hacking in the counterculture, and the war between the phreaks, the phone company, and the FBI. The product of extensive original research,Exploding the Phone is a ground-breaking, captivating book.
Exploit Chaos
by Jeremy GutscheThe hottest trend spotter in North America reveals powerful strategies for thriving in any economic climate. Did you know that Hewlett?Packard, Disney, Hyatt, MTV, CNN, Microsoft, Burger King, and GE all started during periods of economic recession? Periods of uncertainty fuel tremendous opportunity, but the deck gets reshuffled and the rules of the game get changed. EXPLOITING CHAOS is the ultimate business survival guide for all those looking to change the world. Topics include: SPARKING A REVOLUTION, TREND: HUNTING, ADAPTIVE INNOVATION and INFECTIOUS MESSAGING.
Exploit the Product Life Cycle
by Theodore LevittThe product life cycle measures the likelihood, character, and timing of competitive and market events. A product strategy that includes some sort of plan for a timed sequence of conditional moves provides an offensive rather than a reactive move. Most successful products pass through certain recognizable stages. Awareness of these stages affects decisions on marketing factors such as pricing, product identity, and sales and distribution networks. New uses and new customers extend the product life cycle. Planning in the early stages for product life extension helps to guide the direction of ongoing technical research in support of the product.
Exploited Earth: Britain's aid and the environment (Aid and Development Set)
by Teresa HayterHow do ''types'' of aid differ? Why are there different kinds? When is one more appropriate than another? How can you tell ''good'' aid from ''bad''? Friends of the Earth commissioned Teresa Hayter, author of Aid as Imperialism and Aid: Rhetoric and Reality, to examine Britain's aid policy and practice, paying particular attention to its effects on the worlds forests. In this book she describes the history of the different forms of aid and their effects. On behalf of one of the West's most effective environmental lobbies, Exploited Earth show how and why British aid needs to change. Originally published in 1989
Exploiter la valeur du foncier pour financer les infrastructures urbaines
by George E. PetersonLe financement d'infrastructures urbaines à partir du foncier prend de l'importance dans les pays en développement. Pourquoi est-il si difficile de financer des investissements d'infrastructure urbaine lorsque l'augmentation de la valeur des terrains est généralement supérieure au coût des investissements ? L'ouvrage intitulé - Exploiter la valeur du foncier pour financer les infrastructures urbaines - examine la théorie qui sous-tend divers instruments de financement par le foncier, tels que les prélèvements sur les plus-values, les contributions des promoteurs, les taxes sur l'impact et l'échange de biens fonciers publics contre des infrastructures. À l'aide de nombreuses études de cas, l'ouvrage montre comment les instruments de financement basé sur le foncier ont été mis en oeuvre et décrit les enseignements tirés de ces expériences. Ce guide pratique vise à accroître le rôle du financement reposant sur le foncier dans les budgets d'équipement des villes de manière à renforcer le financement des infrastructures urbaines et les marchés fonciers urbains.
Exploiting Future Uncertainty: Creating Value from Risk
by David HillsonWhatever the future holds, one thing is sure: nothing is certain except uncertainty. Prediction is always hard, especially about the future, but the biggest risk is not taking any risk at all. All businesses face significant levels of uncertainty these days. To succeed you need to exploit future uncertainty, turning it to your advantage by managing risk effectively. This book shows you how. In his role as The Risk Doctor, international risk consultant Dr David Hillson has advised many major organisations across the globe, showing them how to create value from risk. Now you can benefit from his unique approach and insights. Exploiting Future Uncertainty contains more than sixty focused briefings, each addressing a key part of the risk challenge. Using five themes, David covers the links between better business and risk-taking, basic risk concepts, making risk management work in practice, people aspects, and managing risk in the wider world. Each section is packed with clear practical advice with specific how-to tips and guidance. David Hillson is one of the most influential writers and consultants on risk and in Exploiting Future Uncertainty he offers his prescription for effective risk management in 21st Century businesses.
Exploiting Institutional Voids as Business Opportunities: How to Gain Competitive Advantage in Emerging Markets
by Tarun Khanna Krishna G. PalepuIn developed economies, dozens of institutions-like credit card systems, market regulation, and comprehensive market research-facilitate the smooth functioning of markets. Developing economies, on the other hand, present unique challenges for companies precisely because they lack these crucial intermediary institutions. While institutional voids are the source of many obstacles to doing business in emerging markets, they can also be a source of advantage for entrepreneurial companies-foreign or domestic-that have the capabilities to help fill these voids. In this chapter, two experts in emerging market strategy describe how companies can identify and exploit opportunities to build businesses by filling in institutional gaps. Detailed examples of companies like Blue River Capital in India, Deremate.com in Argentina, and Li & Fung in Asia illustrate the importance of identifying opportunities, as well as the sometimes wrenching challenges companies face when executing their strategies in emerging markets. This chapter was originally published as Chapter 3 of "Winning in Emerging Markets: A Road Map for Strategy and Execution."
Exploiting Linkages for Building Technological Capabilities
by Mai FujitaOne of the key ingredients of success in building internationally competitive industries lies in amassing a sizeable pool of competent suppliers of parts, components and accessories. This monograph examines how in developing countries suppliers of mechanical components at the low end of the technological trajectory build up key capabilities over time. The focus is on Vietnam's motorcycle industry, which was rapidly transformed from a small, highly protected market to the world's fourth largest motorcycle producer. This rare success resulted from intense competition between leading Japanese motorcycle manufacturers and local Vietnamese assemblers of imported Chinese components both attempting to gain supremacy in the emerging market. In particular, the book analyzes how local Vietnamese suppliers of motorcycle components exploited participation in contrasting types of value chains developed by the two groups of leading manufacturing firms, referred to here as Japanese and/or Vietnamese-Chinese chains, for accumulating strategic know-how. On the basis of historical evidence and recent empirical data collected through repeated rounds of in-depth fieldwork the analysis finds first, those suppliers' learning trajectories evolved over time resulting in a divergence in learning performance extending across suppliers in later phases of industrial development. In the later stage, high-performing suppliers amassed basic innovative expertise, constituting the bedrock of this fast-growing industry. Second, the analysis finds that the diverging performance can be explained by the combination of roles played by lead firms in inducing and facilitating supplier learning and those of suppliers in mobilizing their own sources of knowledge. These conclusions not only provide dynamic, insightful accounts of supplier learning in developing country contexts but also make key theoretical and methodological contributions to the research on value chain participation and supplier learning.
Exploration and Production of Oceanic Natural Gas Hydrate: Critical Factors For Commercialization
by Michael D. Max Arthur H. JohnsonThis second edition provides extensive information on the attributes of the Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH) system, highlighting opportunities for the innovative use and modification of existing technologies, as well as new approaches and technologies that have the potential to dramatically lower the cost of NGH exploration and production.Above all, the book compares the physical, environmental, and commercial aspects of the NGH system with those of other gas resources. It subsequently argues and demonstrates that natural gas can provide the least expensive energy during the transition to, and possibly within, a renewable energy future, and that NGH poses the lowest environmental risk of all gas resources.Intended as a non-mathematical, descriptive text that should be understandable to non-specialists as well as to engineers concerned with the physical characteristics of NGH reservoirs and their production, the book is written for readers at the university graduate level. It offers a valuable reference guide for environmentalists and the energy community, and includes discussions that will be of great interest to energy industry professionals, legislators, administrators, regulators, and all those concerned with energy options and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
Exploration and Settlement
by Rebecca StefoffFirst Published in 2015. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company.
Explorations in Consumer Culture Theory (Routledge Interpretive Marketing Research)
by Eileen Fischer John F. Sherry Jr.The literature of marketplace behaviour, long dominated by economic and psychological discourse, has matured in the last decade to reveal the vast expanse of consumption activity not adequately addressed – in either theoretical or empirical perspective - by the discipline's favoured approaches. The lived experience of consumption in cultural and historical context, rendered in a fashion that is both intellectually insightful and authentically evocative, and that recognizes the dynamics of accommodation and resistance that characterize the individual's relationship with the market, is the central interpretive thrust of an emerging interdisciplinary field inquiry broadly labelled "consumer culture theory." In this volume, some of the leading scholars of this field explore in great empirical detail and theoretical depth the relationships that the consumer has developed both with goods and services and with the stakeholders that animate markets. Beginning with an examination of the underpinnings of cultural inquiry, the focus then shifts to specific consumption venues. Analyses of advertising in personal, critical and historical perspective, examination of lifestyle trends from dwelling practices of transnational nomads and regimes of personal training to genetic testing and gambling, interpretations of the dynamics of brand loyalty and corporate image management, and investigation of family consumption rituals are among the topics explored in ethnographic and humanistic perspective.
Explorations in Critical Studies of Advertising (Routledge Research in Cultural and Media Studies)
by James F. Hamilton Robert Bodle Ezequiel KorinThis volume provides a thoughtful and wide-ranging exploration of approaches to the critical study of advertising. Current and impending practices of advertising have in many ways exceeded the grasp of traditional modes of critique, due at least in part to their being formulated in very different historical conditions. To begin to address this lag, this edited collection explores through critical discussion and application a variety of critical approaches to advertising. Authors address a variety of concrete examples in their chapters, drawing on existing research while presenting new findings where relevant. In order to maintain the relevance of this collection past this particular historical moment, however, chapters do not simply report on empirical work, but develop a theoretical argument.
Explorations in Diversity: Examining Privilege and Oppression In A Multicultural Society (Second Edition)
by Sharon K. Anderson Valerie A. MiddletonThis unique text features personal accounts from mental health professionals, professors and students facing issues of privilege and oppression in our diverse society. In this collection of articles, writers discuss discoveries and experiences about their own privileges and oppression, and ultimately, the compassion they've developed for individuals confronted with discrimination. Each essay will inspire you to reflect on your own encounters with privilege and oppression, while discussion questions at the end of each story provide an opportunity to process these issues on a personal level. By studying these revealing stories of insight and understanding, you'll learn how to recognize, examine, and finally, come to terms with your own privileges and discrimination -- allowing you to become a stronger, more acute, and more effective practitioner of the helping professions.
Explorations in Economic Anthropology: Key Issues and Critical Reflections
by Kirsten W. Endres Deema KaneffAt a time of rising global economic precarity and social inequality, the field of economic anthropology offers solutions through the study of local and contextualized economic practices. This book is made up of an exciting collection of succinct essays authored by leading scholars primarily from the field of economic anthropology, but also featuring contributions from sociology and history. The chapters engage with debates at the cutting edge of research on the topics of Eurasia, the anthropology of postsocialism and the embeddedness of economic practices.
Explorations in Economic Methodology: From Lakatos to Empirical Philosophy of Science (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy #No.17)
by Roger E. BackhouseRoger Backhouse is a key figure in the field of economic methodology. Explorations in Economic Methodology both clarifies and responds to the issues raised by the literature and argues that methodology is an essential activity. Offering a constructive, but critical, response to the recent literature, this collection provides important new insights for students and researchers in economic methodology and the philosophy of science.
Explorations in Economics
by Alan B. Krueger David A. AndersonAre you taking Economics because it was a required course or because you are interested in learning more about the economy? Either way, learning how to use the Explorations in Economics program effectively will help you achieve success in the class and in life. Each chapter in the book is divided into two to four short modules.
Explorations in Marx’s Theory of Price—Why Marx Is Still Relevant for Understanding the Modern Economy: Volume I: Money and Money Prices
by Howard NicholasThis book is the first volume in a three-volume series that takes an in-depth look at the relevance of Marx's economics for understanding the modern economy. The focus of this volume is the money prices of commodities. In light of the failure of central banks to stimulate inflation through printing of money, it is now accepted that there are problems with the mainstream approach to the explanation of prices. Howard Nicholas underlines the shortcomings of this and other approaches to the explanation of prices, particularly their concepts of the value of the commodity and money. He argues the problems with all other approaches are manifest in their inability to explain the changes in the relative prices of commodities, taking place in the context of changes in the aggregate money price level as well as independently. He contends that of paramount importance in Marx’s explanation is that prices are set by producers prior to putting their commodities into the process of circulation, undermining the notion they are determined by the supply of and demand for the commodities in the process of exchange. Marx’s approach to the explanation of prices is also contrasted with those of Neoclassicals, Post-Keynesians and Sraffa, with a view to highlighting the shortcomings in these approaches as bases for their understanding and explanations of money and prices. This book will be of interest to academics and students of price theory, money and finance, political economy, and the history of economic thought.
Explorations in Public Sector Economics
by Joshua HallThis book is a collection of never-before-published papers from some of the most prominent voices in public economics. Curated by the current director of the Public Choice Society, the papers presented showcase the work of recognized leaders in the field, including a Nobel Laureate (Gary Becker), Past Presidents of the Public Choice Society (Larry Kenny, Edward Lopez), the Past President of the Southern Economic Association (Dwight Lee) and some of the most notable public choice economists (Bruce Benson, Russell Sobel, JR Clark, Art Denzau, Morris Coats, Richard Vedder). Among the broad list of topics covered are voting, education quality, environmental issues, externality theory, and public goods theory. This volume makes an important contribution to the field by making new perspectives on a variety of topics accessible to researchers. This book will be of interest to economists, political scientists, and researchers interested in public policy.