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Hayek: A Life, 1899–1950 (The\collected Works Of F. A. Hayek Ser.)
by Bruce Caldwell Hansjoerg KlausingerA 2022 Economist Best Book of the Year. The definitive account of the distinguished economist’s formative years. Few twentieth-century figures have been lionized and vilified in such equal measure as Friedrich Hayek—economist, social theorist, leader of the Austrian school of economics, and champion of classical liberalism. Hayek’s erudite arguments in support of individualism and the market economy have attracted a devout following, including many at the levers of power in business and government. Critics, meanwhile, cast Hayek as the intellectual forefather of “neoliberalism” and of all the evils they associate with that pernicious doctrine. In Hayek: A Life, historians of economics Bruce Caldwell and Hansjörg Klausinger draw on never-before-seen archival and family material to produce an authoritative account of the influential economist’s first five decades. This includes portrayals of his early career in Vienna; his relationships in London and Cambridge; his family disputes; and definitive accounts of the creation of The Road to Serfdom and of the founding meeting of the Mont Pèlerin Society. A landmark work of history and biography, Hayek: A Life is a major contribution both to our cultural accounting of a towering figure and to intellectual history itself.
Hayek: Part I Influences from Mises to Bartley (Archival Insights Into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonThis is the first collaborative biography of Hayek. Some of the world's most distinguished scholars will integrate the archival evidence with Hayek's published writings to illuminate the process by which Hayek changed the direction of world history.
Hayek: Part II Austria, America and the Rise of Hitler, 1899- 1933 (Archival Insights Into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonA group of leading scholars from around the world use archival material alongside Hayek's published work to bring a new perspective on the life and times of one the 20th Century's most influential economists. This much awaited second volume details the life of Hayek from 1899 to1933 covering Hayek's time in Austria and the USA.
Hayek: Part III Fraud, Fascism and Free Market Religion (Archival Insights Into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonIn 1984, F. A. Hayek, the co-leader of the Austrian free market neo-classical school, embraced the transparently fraudulent assertion made by Donald McCormick, aka Richard Deacon, in The British Connection (1979) which accused A. C. Pigou, the co-leader of the Cambridge market failure neo-classical school, of being a Soviet spy. Over lunch at the Reform Club with 'Deacon' McCormick, the former Sunday Times Foreign Manager, Hayek authenticated the fraudulent signature contained in a 1905 diary the essence of the case against Pigou. In this third volume of Hayek: A Collaborative Biography, a distinguished collection of academics and specialists examine 'Deacon' McCormick's fraudulent career: summarizing the large volume of incriminating evidence that was available to Hayek in 1984. Hayek's 1931 unsubstantiated assertion about having predicted the Great Depression was obviously matched by other equally unreliable assertions. That Hayek's assertions have been uncritically repeated by his disciples illuminates dynamics of that school. Austrian School economists who promote financial sector deregulation and climate change denial appear to resemble a free market religion rather than the scientific communities examined in other volumes in this series. "
Hayek: Part IV, England, the Ordinal Revolution and the Road to Serfdom, 1931- 50 (Archival Insights Into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonThe study encompasses historical, social, political and economic viewpoints in examining Hayek's life and the history of economic thought. In the early 1930s, Hayek's business cycle work was apparently defeated by John Maynard Keynes and Piero Sraffa. However, Hayek had three successes. The Ordinal revolution, which undermined the foundations of welfare economics, was successfully transplanted from pre-war Austria and Lausanne to inter-war Britain. The Road to Serfdom (1944) attributed blame for Hitler not on those who funded him (the business sector) but on those who opposed him (socialists). In 1947, Hayek also launched the highly influential Mont Pelerin Society. Hayek had to diplomatically navigate around the other branch of the Austrian School (as represented by Ludwig Mises) whilst maintaining support from members of the nascent Chicago School. As an atheist Hayek had to compromise: the Society would not be named after two Roman Catholic aristocrats (The Acton de Tocqueville Society), but what later became known as the 'religious right' was, nevertheless, accommodated.
Hayek: Part IX: The Divine Right of the 'Free' Market (Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonIn 1984, F. A. Hayek, the co-leader of the Austrian free market neo-classical school, embraced the transparently fraudulent assertion made by Donald McCormick, aka Richard Deacon, in The British Connection (1979) which accused A. C. Pigou, the co-leader of the Cambridge market failure neo-classical school, of being a Soviet spy. Over lunch at the Reform Club with 'Deacon' McCormick, the former Sunday Times Foreign Manager, Hayek authenticated the fraudulent signature contained in a 1905 diary the essence of the case against Pigou. In this third volume of Hayek: A Collaborative Biography, a distinguished collection of academics and specialists examine 'Deacon' McCormick's fraudulent career: summarizing the large volume of incriminating evidence that was available to Hayek in 1984. Hayek's 1931 unsubstantiated assertion about having predicted the Great Depression was obviously matched by other equally unreliable assertions. That Hayek's assertions have been uncritically repeated by his disciples illuminates dynamics of that school. Austrian School economists who promote financial sector deregulation and climate change denial appear to resemble a free market religion rather than the scientific communities examined in other volumes in this series. "
Hayek: Part Ii, Austria, America And The Rise Of Hitler, 1899-1933 (Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonF.A. von Hayek (1899-1992) was a Nobel Prize winning economist, famous for promoting an Austrian version of classical liberalism. The multi-volume Hayek: A Collaborative Biography examines the evolution of his life and influence.Two concepts of civilization revolve around power – should it be separated or concentrated? Liberalism in the non-Austrian classical tradition remains fearful of power concentrated in the hands of government, labour unions or corporations; Red Terrorists sought to monopolize power to liquidate enemies and competitors as a prelude to utopia (the ‘withering away of the State’); and behind the ‘slogan of liberty,’ White Terror promoters (Mises and Hayek) sought to concentrate power in the hands of a ‘dictatorial democracy’ where henchmen would liquidate enemies, and – ‘guided’ by ‘utopia’ (the ‘spontaneous’ order) – follow orders from their social superiors. This volume, Part XII, examines the ‘free’ market Use of Knowledge in Society; examines the foundations of ‘free’ market educational credentials; and asks whether those funded by the tobacco industry and the carbon lobby should be accorded ‘independent policy expert’ status.
Hayek: Part Ii, Austria, America And The Rise Of Hitler, 1899-1933 (Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonFunded by the tobacco and fossil fuel industries, the Mises- and Hayek-inspired ‘free’ market has adopted ‘The Slogan of Liberty’ - but should their faith-based assertions be accorded the same epistemological status as a science? If Austrian economics is a branch of divinely revealed ‘knowledge’ - as the epigone Godfather, Hans Sennholz, insists - what validity do its policy recommendations have? Should those who falsely claim to have PhDs be tax-funded as ‘Post-Doctoral Fellows’ and ‘Professors’? This volume examines the consequences of the ‘free’ market colonisation of economics – climate change, financial crises and the corruption of academic discourse
Hayek: Part Ii, Austria, America And The Rise Of Hitler, 1899-1933 (Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonOn 9 August 1974, Richard Nixon resigned to avoid impeachment; on 29 April 1975, the United States scuttled from their Embassy in Saigon - optics that were interpreted as defeats for the ‘International Right’. Yet in 1975, Margaret Thatcher became leader of the Conservative Party; and in 1976 Ronald Reagan almost unseated a sitting Republican Party President. Pivotal to the ‘turn to the Right’ was Friedrich ‘von’ Hayek’s 1974 Nobel Prize for Economic Science - awarded for having used Austrian Business Cycle Theory to predict the Great Depression: ‘For him it is not a matter of a simple defence of a liberal system of society as may sometimes appear from the popularized versions of his thinking.’The evidence suggests that Hayek’s fraudulent assertion was uncovered at the University of Chicago in the early 1930s – but not reported. The most likely explanation is self-censorship - for reasons of ideological correctness, fund raising and residual deference to the Second Estate. Four indirect tests suggest that ‘free’ market economists have - in other instances and presumably for fund-raising motives - suppressed embarrassing ‘knowledge’: which suggests that they were perfectly capable of suppressing ‘knowledge’ about Hayek’s non-prediction of the Great Depression.With respect to the Nobel Prize and thus his ability to reach a wider audience, Hayek was fortune in having two loyal ‘intermediaries’: Lionel Robbins and Fritz Machlup who were – and probably felt themselves to be – ‘socially’ inferior to ‘von’ Hayek.
Hayek: Part V, Hayek's Great Society of Free Men (Archival Insights Into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonThis fifth biographical volume examines the hypothesis that Hayek's promotion of the Great Society of Free Men was consistent with his behavioural postulate: amoral self-interest. His Constitution of Liberty promoted those with inter-generational entitlements as the true defenders of 'civilisation' and 'property' - an Austrian School of Economics vision of society dominated by the wealthy. According to Hayek, labour unions were enemies of his 'spontaneous' order: yet unions evolved spontaneously. This archival series also provides an opportunity for reflection, correction and elaboration: two chapters responses to material contained in Part I of Hayek: A Collaborative Biography. <P><P>F.A. von Hayek (1899-1992), who's Nobel Prize for Economic Sciences appears to have been awarded, in part, for a job-interview assertion for which – after eight decades – no evidence has emerged, was famous for promoting the Austrian version of classical liberalism.
Hayek: Part VI, Good Dictators, Sovereign Producers and Hayek's "Ruthless Consistency" (Archival Insights Into The Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonIn this sixth volume contributors examine Hayek's neoliberal economics and politics in the 20th century, and the demise of the socialist system. Taking a closer look at Hayek's time in Australia, and his time spent travelling in the east.
Hayek: Part VII, 'Market Free Play with an Audience': Hayek's Encounters with Fifty Knowledge Communities (Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonThis book is the seventh volume in this series which explores the life of Nobel Price-winning economist F.A. Hayek (1899-1992). The volume uses archival material, juxtaposed with Hayek’s published work to challenge the existing perceptions of his life and thought. It examines the methods by which Hayek interacted with – and schemed against – the knowledge communities that he encountered during his very long life. Chapters explore the ‘rules of engagement’ that Hayek employed when interacting with fifth leading knowledge communities, including the Nobel Prize selection committee who were led to believe his claim about having predicted the Great Depression. It also explores his interactions with William Beveridge, the founder of the modern British Welfare State, A. C. Pigou, the founder of the market school, J. M. Keynes, Sir Arthur Lewis, and Abba Lerner.
Hayek: Part VIII: The Constitution of Liberty: ‘Shooting in Cold Blood’, Hayek’s Plan for the Future of Democracy (Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonThis book is the eighth volume in this Collaborative Biography, which explores the life and works of Nobel Prize-winning economist F.A. Hayek (1899-1992). Making extensive use of archival material and Hayek’s own published writings, it presents a strong challenge to perceptions of the economist’s life and thought. In this volume, chapters canvas subjects such as the relationship between the Austrian School of Economics and the Cold War, the Hapsburg Empire, and the overthrow (or planned overthrow) of democracy in a variety of countries, with a view to examining the process by which economics is constructed and disseminated.
Hayek: Part X: Eugenics, Cultural Evolution, and The Fatal Conceit (Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonThis tenth part of Robert Leeson's collaborative biography of Friedrich August von Hayek explores Hayek’s thought on the free market and democracy. Using an unparalleled array of archival materials, Leeson reconstructs Hayek’s thinking as the notorious economist and his acolytes set about reshaping the post-war economic order. Darker areas of Hayek’s thought are also explored, including the influence of eugenics on his thought and his support for radical right-wing dictatorships in South America. <P><P> Leeson concludes this volume with a collection of chapters written by eminent scholars of Hayek. These chapters cover subjects as diverse as Hayek’s influence on scholars of Darwinian evolution, his views on psychology, and cultural evolution.
Hayek: Part XIII: 'Fascism' and Liberalism in the (Austrian) Classical Tradition (Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonHayek claimed that he always made it his rule ‘not to be concerned with current politics, but to try to operate on public opinion.’ However, evidence suggests that he was a party political operative with ‘free’ market scholarship being the vehicle through which he sought – and achieved – party political influence. The ‘main purpose’ of his Mont Pelerin Society had ‘been wholly achieved’. Mises promoted ‘Fascists’ including Ludendorff and Hitler, and Hayekians promoted the Operation Condor military dictatorships and continue to maintain a ‘united front’ with ‘neo-Nazis.’ Hayek, who supported Pinochet’s torture-based regime and played a promotional role in ‘Dirty War’ Argentina, is presented as a saintly figure. These chapters place ‘free’ market promotion in the context of the post-1965 neo-Fascist ‘Strategy of Tension’, and examine Hayek’s role in the promotion of deflation that facilitated Hitler’s rise to power; his proposal to relocate Gibraltarians across the frontier into ‘Fascist’ Spain; the Austrian revival of the 1970s; the role of (what was presented as) ‘neutral academic data’ on behalf of the ‘International Right’ and their efforts to promote Franz Josef Strauss and Ronald Reagan and defend apartheid and the Shah of Iran
Hayek: Part XIV: Liberalism in the Classical Tradition: Orwell, Popper, Humboldt and Polanyi (Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics)
by Robert LeesonThis latest volume in the Collaborative Biography of Hayek examines the interconnectedness between Hayek’s (1944) The Road to Serfdom and George Orwell’s Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949); his relationship with Karl Popper and Karl Polanyi; and the work of Wilhelm von Humboldt. Mises had a ‘deep emotional attachment’ to the ‘free’ market and Hayek believed that ‘science’ was driven by shallow emotions.Hayek believed in ‘democracy as a system of peaceful change of government; but that’s all its whole advantage is, no other.’ He felt democracy simply made it possible to get rid of the government ‘we’ dislike. Hayek bemoaned the decay of superstition — the ‘supporting moral beliefs’ – that are required to maintain ‘our’ civilization. Yet his Road to Serfdom neglected ‘another road to serfdom’ – the possibility that there were multiple threats to individual freedom – not just State power. In contrast, many other scholars and public intellectual warned of the dangers of the concentration of power in institutions other than the State. Today those fears have materialized in the guise of wealthy mega-corporations and billionaires whose influence on government, on elections, on popular culture and on the dominant ideology, have been able to change the rules of the market in their favour – so that ‘we’ have now become trapped in a new kind of serfdom. With contributions from a range of highly regarded scholars, this volume continues the Biography’s rich exploration of Hayek’s work and beliefs.
Hayekian Systems: Research into the Structure of Social Interaction (Routledge Foundations of the Market Economy)
by William N. Butos Thomas J. McQuadeThe central theme in the work of F.A. Hayek was the problem of order in society, and his focus was epistemological: he was concerned with the constraints on knowledge, the problems associated with its distribution, the structures in which it inheres, and the implications of these issues for the understanding of social phenomena generally. But while his work has greatly improved our understanding of market processes, application to more complex social arrangements was not an unambiguous success. In seeking to progress beyond Hayek’s difficulties in formulating a more general theory of spontaneous order, this book fleshes out an analogy between social orders and the biological order detailed in Hayek’s The Sensory Order into a theory of adaptive systems. It focuses first on those aspects of the systems which enable them to learn about their environments, and then on the entrepreneurial processes which implement their anticipatory capabilities. The inclusion of anticipatory elements, inspired by the work of Robert Rosen, results in a theory of social orders which integrates many of the disparate findings of Austrian economists into a self-consistent conceptual framework and has applicability to other social arrangements such as firms and governments. Of particular interest is the interaction between the systems of science and government, an issue of significant current concern which is comprehensively explored here both theoretically and empirically. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in Hayek, Austrian economics, social theory, and the history of economic thought more broadly.
Hayek’s Market Republicanism: The Limits of Liberty (Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy)
by Sean IrvingFriedrich Hayek was the 20th century’s most significant free market theorist. Over the course of his long career he developed an analysis of the danger that state power can pose to individual liberty. In rejecting much of the liberal tradition’s concern for social justice and democratic participation, Hayek would help clear away many intellectual obstacles to the emergence of neoliberalism in the last quarter of the 20th century. At the core of this book is a new interpretation of Hayek, one that regards him as an exponent of a neo-Roman conception of liberty and interprets his work as a form of ‘market republicanism’. It examines the contemporary context in which Hayek wrote, and places his writing in the long republican intellectual tradition. Hayek’s Market Republicanism will be of interest to advanced students and researchers across the history of economic thought, the history of political thought, political economy and political philosophy.
Haz Dinero Utilizando Internet para Construir un Segundo Ingreso y Crear tu Propio Negocio
by Richard G Lowe JrEl autor hace una revisión de 27 formas de generar dinero en Internet. Describe los pros y las contras de cada forma descrita en el libro. El autor hace énfasis en el esfuerzo, conocimientos de marketing y otras habilidades que se necesitan para poder hacer dinero en Internet. Establece que no existe tal cosa como "hacer mucho dinero sin ningún esfuerzo". Pese a todo Internet es un muy buen lugar para generar nuevos ingresos, dedicándole tiempo y energía se puede convertir en una muy buena forma de ganarse la vida desde casa, ser tu propio Jefe y trabajar de forma independiente.
Haz lo que más importa: Lidera con una visión, administra con un plan, prioriza tu tiempo
by Rob Shallenberger Steve ShallenbergerTime management remains a huge challenge for most people. This book shares the habits and processes used by top leaders worldwide to minimize distractions and maximize accomplishments.In researching more than 1,260 managers and executives from more than 108 different organizations, Steve and Rob Shallenberger discovered that 68 percent of them feel like their number one challenge is time management, yet 80 percent don't have a clear process for how to prioritize their time.Drawing on their forty years of leadership research, this book offers three powerful habits that the top 10 percent of leaders use to Do What Matters Most. These three high performance habits are developing a written personal vision, identifying and setting Roles and Goals, and consistently doing Pre-week Planning. And Steve and Rob make an audacious promise: these three habits can increase anyone's productivity by at least 30 to 50 percent. For organizations, this means higher profits, happier employees, and increased innovation. For individuals, it means you'll find hours in your week that you didn't know were there--imagine what you could do!You will learn how acquiring this skillset turned an "average" employee into her company's top producer, enabled a senior vice president to reignite his team and achieve record results, transformed a stressed-out manager's work and home life, helped a CEO who felt like he'd lost his edge regain his fire and passion, and much more. By implementing these simple and easy-to-understand habits, supported by tools like the Personal Productivity Assessment, you will learn how to lead a life by design, not by default. You'll feel the power that comes with a sense of control, direction, and purpose. En nuestra investigación de más 1260 gerentes, descubrimos que más del 68% sentían que su mayor desafío es cómo priorizar su tiempo, pero el 80% de los mismos carecían de un proceso para organizarlo y centrarse en lo que más importa. Este libro trata sobre los tres hábitos de alto rendimiento que te empoderarán para tomar el control de tu horario, priorizar el tiempo y aumentar la productividad entre un 30 y 50%. Esto se traduce en un mejor liderazgo, un aumento de las ventas, una mayor productividad, más beneficios y una cultura mejorada. A nivel personal, implica un mejor equilibrio vital, mejoras en la salud, menos estrés, mejores relaciones, más dinero y un enfoque preciso en tus prioridades.
Hazard Management and Emergency Planning: Perspectives in Britain
by John Handmer Dennis ParkerThis book assesses critically the British approach to hazard management and emergency planning. It identifies the principal legal, organizational and cultural impediments to more effective hazard management and emergency planning, postulates explanations for the shortcomings in the British approach and examines a number of promising avenues for improving current practice. It comprises 18 chapters written by experts with a wide range of practical experience in the many different aspects of the field. Many of the authors introduce international perspectives and comparisons. From it all, the editors conclude, sadly: 'The overall hazard and emergency management approach currently adopted in Britain appears to be inadequate and current standards of protection appear to be inefficient for the 1990s and beyond'
Hazard or Hardship: Crafting Global Norms on the Right to Refuse Unsafe Work
by Jeffrey HilgertToday, hazardous work kills 2.3 million people each year and injures millions more. Among the most compelling yet controversial forms of legal protection for workers is the right to refuse unsafe work. The rise of globalization, precarious work, neoliberal politics, attacks on unions, and the idea of individual employment rights have challenged the protection of occupational health and safety for workers worldwide. In Hazard or Hardship, Jeffrey Hilgert presents the protection of refusal rights as a moral and a human rights question. Hilgert finds that the protection of the right to refuse unsafe work, as constituted under international labor standards, is a failure and calls for a reexamination of worker health and safety policy from the ground up. The current model of protection follows an individual employment rights framework, which fails to protect workers against the inherent social inequalities within the employment relationship. To adequately protect the right to refuse as a human right, both in North America and around the world, Hilgert argues that a broader protection must be granted under a freedom of association framework. Hazard or Hardship will be a welcome resource for labor and environmental activists, trade union leaders, labor lawyers and labor law scholars, industrial relations experts, human rights advocates, public health professionals, and specialists in occupational safety and health.
Hazardous Child Labour in Latin America
by G. K. LietenIn order to bridge the lack of information on child labour and to stimulate policy interventions the IREWOC Foundation (International Research on Working Children) has undertaken action-based research in the field of the worst forms of child labour in Latin America. In 2006 and 2007 a comparative study on the Worst Forms of Child Labour was carried out in 7 different economic sectors in Bolivia, Guatemala and Peru focussing on the hazardous worst forms. The central research objectives were as follows: * to map the working and living situations of children who are working in specific economic sectors and what the consequences of this work are for their physical and emotional wellbeing. * to investigate the reasons why these children are working in these worst forms sectors. The research results were expected to give important insights into the currently polarised debate between those who state child labour is above all related to cultural considerations and those who state that economic reasons are fundamental to the phenomena of child labour. * to map the existing policy initiatives for child labourers in the worst forms and to identify the best practices. In the face of challenges imposed by achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set by the UN, specific attention was paid to educational initiatives. Is education a useful tool in combating child labour, and vice versa, is child labour a significant obstacle to achieving universal primary education? Although the evidence from the various cases discussed in the book illustrate positive trends in terms of the worst forms of child labor, thousands of children were still found to be engaged in activities that form a direct threat to their physical, mental and moral health and jeopardize their education. This book proposes several practical recommendations for possible interventions.
Hazardous Material (HAZMAT) Life Cycle Management: Corporate, Community, and Organizational Planning and Preparedness
by Robert JaffinIt is well known that fluorescent light bulbs and consumer appliances such as televisions, computers, and monitors contain mercury, dangerous chemicals, and other harmful components. The existing literature on hazardous materials addresses the risks attached to specific materials and emphasizes compliance and personal protective equipment (PPE) but
Hazardous Materials Compliance for Public Research Organizations: A Case Study, Second Edition (Public Administration and Public Policy)
by Nicolas A. ValcikCompletely revised and updated, Hazardous Materials Compliance for Public Research Organizations: A Case Study, Second Edition presents a case study of one university’s policies and practices with regard to the procurement, use, storage and disposal of HAZMAT in the context of a changing internal structure and regulatory environment. The author’s presentation is no-holds-barred, using interviews, archival documentation, and unobtrusive observations as a participant where the research institution was at times noncompliant with the new federal guidelines. See What’s New in the Second Edition: Incorporates issues with all types of hazardous materials instead of just focusing on biological HAZMAT Updated information on current regulations on HAZMAT in relation to universities and research centers Follow-up on the case study university, disclosing the university’s progress in resolving the security and safety shortcomings By implementing key improvements in safety and security, the universities can also more easily obtain research grant money and satisfy both state and federal safety requirements. This book includes recommendations to improve safety while using and storing biotoxins, chemical, radioactive material, and industrial waste, and to improve overall security at the university. It also highlights improvements that can make the environment a safer and more secure location to perform biological research.