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Indigenous Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Theory and Practice (Palgrave Studies in Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Indigenization in Business)
by Léo-Paul Dana Emiel L. Eijdenberg Felix Ostertag Henrietta OnwuegbuzieThis book presents a comprehensive overview of contemporary indigenization topics in the cultural context of sub-Saharan Africa. Discussing current state of affairs of indigenous entrepreneurship in Africa, it seeks to understand what enables and constrains indigenous entrepreneurship in the region. Further, it explores the role of the institutional environment in promoting indigenous entrepreneurship. Tying in the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the chapters examine how indigenous entrepreneurship relates to ending poverty, creating decent work and economic growth, reducing inequalities, contributing to sustainable cities and communities, and promoting peace, justice and strong institutions. For researchers interested in how indigenous entrepreneurship practices in sub- Saharan Africa contest contemporary theories in entrepreneurship and management research, this work will prove a valuable resource with its much- needed case studies, quantitative and qualitative research, and practitioner perspectives.
Indigenous Governance: Corporate Governance Concepts in the management of Indigenous Organisations
by Dr Kamlesh SharmaThis pioneering book articulates and illustrates the difference in the perceptions of corporate governance from the dominant western society and its values and the Indigenous people. It covers areas such as the cross-cultural awareness and assists in the reconciliation process between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. Corporate governance in Indigenous organisations is an important issue that interests many different groups not only in Australia but around the world. This book about Indigenous governance and, in particular, within the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisations, reveals that the corporate governance concepts have been mainly built around western theories. This pioneering book offers guidance on Indigenous governance not only in Australia but elsewhere as well, where corporate governance practices are of increasing and immense importance. The foreword for the book has been written by Professor Mick Dodson AM, who is the Director of the National Centre for Indigenous Studies at the Australian National University in Canberra.
Indigenous Indian Management: Conceptualization, Practical Applications and Pedagogical Initiatives (Palgrave Studies in Indian Management)
by Pawan Budhwar Ashish Pandey Dharm P. S. BhawukThis book reflects on the growing appetite for plurality in management knowledge that addresses the problems important to business and society. Over the last three decades, India’s rapid economic growth has helped to make it a leading economy of the world. The social and cultural setting of India is unique because of its diversity, large population, and social and economic stratification. India is a living culture of more than three thousand years that simultaneously embraces traditional and contemporary beliefs and practices. From world trade to climate change to democratization, India’s actions have a global impact. Reviewing management literature in the Indian context, this book attempts explaining and addressing the problems important to business and society. This book has three primary aims: to identify and describe the insights from traditional culture of India relevant to management, to report on the Indian institutional dynamics and its reflection on management and to present pedagogical initiatives that integrate the wisdom of Indian culture and tradition with contemporary management knowledge. In light of these objectives, this book will be relevant to management scholars, educators, and practitioners, particularly in the areas of organizational behavior, human resource management, strategic management, marketing, entrepreneurship, and international management.
Indigenous Innovation Pathways with Chinese Characteristics (Qizhen Humanities and Social Sciences Library)
by Jin Chen Qingrui XuThis book aims to answer the key question facing China in building an innovative country: What kind of indigenous innovation path with Chinese characteristics should be taken? This book conducts an in-depth analysis of the indigenous innovation path with Chinese characteristics from two dimensions: path evolution and level (enterprise, industry, region, and country). It puts forward the leading path of innovation with Chinese characteristics and also offers policy suggestions.
Indigenous Knowledge and Education in Africa (Frontiers in African Business Research)
by Chika Ezeanya-EsiobuThis open access book presents a strong philosophical, theoretical and practical argument for the mainstreaming of indigenous knowledge in curricula development, and in teaching and learning across the African continent. Since the dawn of political independence in Africa, there has been an ongoing search for the kind of education that will create a class of principled and innovative citizens who are sensitive to and committed to the needs of the continent. When indigenous or environment-generated knowledge forms the basis of learning in classrooms, learners are able to immediately connect their education with their lived reality. The result is much introspection, creativity and innovation across fields, sectors and disciplines, leading to societal transformation. Drawing on several theoretical assertions, examples from a wide range of disciplines, and experiences gathered from different continents at different points in history, the book establishes that for education to trigger the necessary transformation in Africa, it should be constructed on a strong foundation of learners’ indigenous knowledge.The book presents a distinct and uncharted pathway for Africa to advance sustainably through home-grown and grassroots based ideas, leading to advances in science and technology, growth of indigenous African business and the transformation of Africans into conscious and active participants in the continent’s progress. Indigenous Knowledge and Education in Africa is of interest to educators, entrepreneurs, policymakers, researchers and individuals engaged in finding sustainable and strategic solutions to regional and global advancement.
Indigenous Land-Based Knowledge and Sustainability: Settler Colonialism and the Environmental Crisis (Routledge Explorations in Environmental Studies)
by Ranjan Datta Jebunnessa Chapola John Bosco AcharibasamThis edited volume explores the crucial intersections between Indigenous Land-Based Knowledge (ILK), sustainability, settler colonialism, and the ongoing environmental crisis.Contributors from cross-cultural communities, including Indigenous, settlers, immigrants, and refugee communities, discuss why ILK and practice hold great potential for tackling our current environmental crises, particularly addressing the settler colonialism that contributes towards the environmental challenges faced in the world. The authors offer insights into sustainable practices, biodiversity conservation, climate change adaptation, and sustainable land management and centre Indigenous perspectives on ILK as a space to practise, preserve, and promote Indigenous cultures. With case studies spanning topics as diverse as land acknowledgements, land-based learning, Indigenous-led water governance, and birth evacuation, this book shows how our responsibility for ILK can benefit collectively by fostering a more inclusive, sustainable, and interconnected world. Through the promotion of Indigenous perspectives and responsibility towards land and community, this volume advocates for a shift in paradigm towards more inclusive and sustainable approaches to environmental sustainability.This volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental sociology, postcolonial studies, and Indigenous studies.
Indigenous Organization Studies
by Tyron Rakeiora LoveExploring an emerging area of interest, this book brings together indigenous studies and organization and management research to discuss the complexities of researching indigenous organizations and forms of organizing. Covering various intersections between indigenous peoples, communities, organizations and business enterprises, the author outlines the parameters for researching with an indigenous purpose. A valuable and thought-provoking read for researchers of management, organization, and HRM, Indigenous Organization Studies is a useful methodological tool for undertaking research.
Indigenous People and Economic Development: An International Perspective
by Azizul Hassan Katia Iankova Rachel L'AbbeIndigenous peoples are an intrinsic part of countries like Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Finland, USA, India, Russia and almost all parts of South America and Africa. A considerable amount of research has been done during the twentieth century mainly by anthropologists, sociologists and linguists in order to describe, and document their traditional life style for the protection and safeguarding of their established knowledge, skills, languages and beliefs. These communities are engaging and adapting rapidly to the changing circumstances partly caused by post modernisation and the process of globalization. These have led them to aspire to better living standards, as well as preserving their uniqueness, approaches to environment, close proximity to social structures and communities. For at least the last two decades, patterns of increased economic activity by indigenous peoples in many countries have been viewed to be significantly on the rise. Indigenous People and Economic Development reveals some of the characteristics of this economic activity, 'coloured' by the unique regard and philosophy of life that indigenous people around the world have. The successes, difficulties and obstacles to economic development, their solutions and innovative practices in business - all of these elements, based on research findings, are discussed in this book and offer an inside view of the dynamics of the indigenous societies which are evolving in a globalised and highly interconnected contemporary world.
Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change in Latin America and the Caribbean
by Dorte Verner Jakob KronikThis book addresses the social implications of climate change and climatic variability on indigenous peoples and communities living in the highlands, lowlands, and coastal areas of Latin America and the Caribbean. Across the region, indigenous people already perceive and experience negative effects of climate change and variability. Many indigenous communities find it difficult to adapt in a culturally sustainable manner. In fact, indigenous peoples often blame themselves for the changes they observe in nature, despite their limited emission of green house gasses. Not only is the viability of their livelihoods threatened, resulting in food insecurity and poor health, but also their cultural integrity is being challenged, eroding the confidence in solutions provided by traditional institutions and authorities. The book is based on field research among indigenous communities in three major eco-geographical regions: the Amazon; the Andes and Sub-Andes; and the Caribbean and Mesoamerica. It finds major inter-regional differences in the impacts observed between areas prone to rapid- and slow-onset natural hazards. In Mesoamerican and the Caribbean, increasingly severe storms and hurricanes damage infrastructure and property, and even cause loss of land, reducing access to livelihood resources. In the Columbian Amazon, changes in precipitation and seasonality have direct immediate effects on livelihoods and health, as crops often fail and the reproduction of fish stock is threatened by changes in the river ebb and flow. In the Andean region, water scarcity for crops and livestock, erosion of ecosystems and changes in biodiversity threatens food security, both within indigenous villages and among populations who depend on indigenous agriculture, causing widespread migration to already crowded urban areas. The study aims to increase understanding on the complexity of how indigenous communities are impacted by climate change and the options for improving their resilience and adaptability to these phenomena. The goal is to improve indigenous peoples' rights and opportunities in climate change adaptation, and guide efforts to design effective and sustainable adaptation initiatives.
Indigenous Peoples and Real Estate Valuation
by Robert A. Simons Rachel M. Malmgren Garrick SmallSponsored by the American Real Estate Society (ARES), Indigenous Peoples and Real Estate Valuation addresses a wide variety of timely issues relating to property ownership, rights, and use, including: ancestral burial, historical record of occupancy, treaty implementation problems, eminent domain, the effects of large governmental change, financing projects under formal and informal title or deed document systems, exclusive ownership vs. non-exclusive use rights, public land ownership, tribal or family land claims, insurgency and war, legal systems of ownership, prior government expropriation of lands, moral obligation to indigenous peoples, colonial occupation, and common land leases. These issues can also be broadly grouped into topics, such as conflict between indigenous and western property rights, communal land ownership, land transfer by force, legacy issues related to past colonization and apartheid, and metaphysical/indigenous land value.
Indigenous Peoples, Consent and Rights: Troubling Subjects (Indigenous Peoples and the Law)
by Stephen YoungAnalysing how Indigenous Peoples come to be identifiable as bearers of human rights, this book considers how individuals and communities claim the right of free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) as Indigenous peoples. The basic notion of FPIC is that states should seek Indigenous peoples’ consent before taking actions that will have an impact on them, their territories or their livelihoods. FPIC is an important development for Indigenous peoples, their advocates and supporters because one might assume that, where states recognize it, Indigenous peoples will have the ability to control how non-Indigenous laws and actions will affect them. But who exactly are the Indigenous peoples that are the subjects of this discourse? This book argues that the subject status of Indigenous peoples emerged out of international law in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Then, through a series of case studies, it considers how self-identifying Indigenous peoples, scholars, UN institutions and non-government organizations (NGOs) dispersed that subject-status and associated rights discourse through international and national legal contexts. It shows that those who claim international human rights as Indigenous peoples performatively become identifiable subjects of international law – but further demonstrates that this does not, however, provide them with control over, or emancipation from, a state-based legal system. Maintaining that the discourse on Indigenous peoples and international law itself needs to be theoretically and critically re-appraised, this book problematises the subject-status of those who claim Indigenous peoples’ rights and the role of scholars, institutions, NGOs and others in producing that subject-status. Squarely addressing the limitations of international human rights law, it nevertheless goes on to provide a conceptual framework for rethinking the promise and power of Indigenous peoples’ rights. Original and sophisticated, the book will appeal to scholars, activists and lawyers involved with indigenous rights, as well as those with more general interests in the operation of international law.
Indigenous Peoples, Marine Space and Resources, and International Law: The Interaction Between International Human Rights Law and the Law of the Sea (ISSN)
by Endalew Lijalem EnyewThis book addresses the rights of indigenous peoples to marine space and associated marine resources under international law.Examining the rights of indigenous peoples relating to marine space and marine resources both in international human rights law and the law of the sea, the book provides an in-depth critical analysis of the existing legal framework, whilst identifying the gaps, and possible further mechanisms, for recognizing the rights of indigenous peoples to marine space. The book addresses three main issues: 1) the extent to which international law recognizes and protects the rights of indigenous peoples in relation to marine space and marine resources; 2) if and how the law of the sea and international human rights law pertaining to the rights of indigenous peoples to marine space and marine resources interact; 3) whether and to what extent the law of the sea regime limits the capacity of coastal States to recognize and implement the rights of indigenous peoples relating to marine space and resources. In response, and in a context where indigenous marine rights are under increasing threat, the book develops an important critical theoretical and methodological approach which moves beyond the current doctrinal focus of much existing work in this area.The book will appeal to academics, researchers, and practitioners in the areas of indigenous peoples and the law, international law, the law of the sea, and human rights.
Indigenous Responses to Mining in Post-Conflict Colombia: Violence, Repression and Peaceful Resistance (Routledge Studies of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development)
by Diana Carolina Arbeláez RuizThis book examines Indigenous responses to mining and their connection to peacebuilding, focusing on the experience of the Nasa Indigenous people of North Cauca during the most recent Colombian post-agreement transition. Amid an armed conflict that has disproportionally affected and targeted the Nasa, as well as ongoing processes of dispossession and oppression, the Nasa have built a tradition of organised, peaceful resistance. This book examines the nature of their responses to mining and how this is linked to peacebuilding, with a focus on how resistance is shaped and enacted to respond to the relationship mineral extraction has with violence and peace. The work is exploratory, ethnographic and interdisciplinary in nature, sitting in the intersection between the anthropology of mining, development studies and peace and conflict studies. The author presents and analyses narratives, participant responses, and her own experiences to illustrate the context and interconnected processes shaping Nasa responses to mining during this transition period. The book will bring international readers closer to these intricate dynamics, where access is otherwise limited because of security, cultural, linguistic and other barriers. The book provides a novel perspective on post-conflict mining governance by focusing on the Nasa’s active role in responding to mining in a post-agreement, transitional context. It highlights, and encourages engagement with, the often-overlooked role of morality in debates about nature and development. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and practitioners of the extractive industries, natural resource management, conflict management and peacebuilding, Indigenous Peoples and Latin American studies.
Indigenous Wellbeing and Enterprise: Self-Determination and Sustainable Economic Development
by Robert B. AndersonIn this book, we explore the economic wellbeing of Indigenous peoples globally through case studies that provide practical examples of how Indigenous wellbeing is premised on sustainable self- determination that is in turn dependent on a community’s evolving model for economic development, its cultural traditions, its relationship to its traditional territories and its particular spiritual practices. Adding to the richness, geographically these chapters cover North, Central and South America, Northern Europe, the Circumpolar Arctic, Southern Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Oceania and a resulting diverse set of Indigenous peoples. The book addresses key issues related to economic, environmental, social and cultural value creation activities and provides numerous examples and case studies of Indigenous communities globally which have successfully used entrepreneurship in the pursuit of sustainable development and wellbeing. Readers will gain practical understandings of the nature of sustainable economic development from a cross- section of case studies of Indigenous perspectives globally. The chapters map out the international development of Indigenous rights and the influence that this has had on Indigenous communities globally in asserting their sovereignty and acting on their rights to develop sustainable governance and economic development practices. Readers will develop insights into the intersection of Indigenous governance with sustainable practice and community wellbeing through practical case studies that explain the need for Indigenous- led economic development and governance strategies, which are responsive to local, regional, national and international realities in developing sustainable Indigenous economies focused on economic, environmental, social and cultural value creation. This book will be useful for Indigenous and non- Indigenous business students studying undergraduate business or MBA programs who seek to understand the global context and the varied experiences of Indigenous peoples in developing sustainable economic development strategies that promote community wellbeing.
Indigenous Women and Work: From Labor to Activism
by Carol WilliamsThe essays in Indigenous Women and Work create a transnational and comparative dialogue on the history of the productive and reproductive lives and circumstances of Indigenous women from the late nineteenth century to the present in the United States, Australia, New Zealand/Aotearoa, and Canada. Surveying the spectrum of Indigenous women's lives and circumstances as workers, both waged and unwaged, the contributors offer varied perspectives on the ways women's work has contributed to the survival of communities in the face of ongoing tensions between assimilation and colonization. They also interpret how individual nations have conceived of Indigenous women as workers and, in turn, convert these assumptions and definitions into policy and practice. The essays address the intersection of Indigenous, women's, and labor history, but will also be useful to contemporary policy makers, tribal activists, and Native American women's advocacy associations. Contributors are Tracey Banivanua Mar, Marlene Brant Castellano, Cathleen D. Cahill, Brenda J. Child, Sherry Farrell Racette, Chris Friday, Aroha Harris, Faye HeavyShield, Heather A. Howard, Margaret D. Jacobs, Alice Littlefield, Cybèle Locke, Mary Jane Logan McCallum, Kathy M'Closkey, Colleen O'Neill, Beth H. Piatote, Susan Roy, Lynette Russell, Joan Sangster, Ruth Taylor, and Carol Williams.
Indigenous and Ethnic Empowerment: Parity, Equity and Strategy
by Alf H. WalleIndigenous, ethnic and rural peoples throughout the world struggle to effectively deal with the challenges triggered by outside economic and social intervention. This book presents business methods in a manner that reflects the needs, desires and priorities of indigenous peoples and provides the tools communities need to envision and deal with the full impact of social and economic intervention. In particular, the book helps local leaders and their advocates to better understand the full implications of the choices before them and develop skills to articulate and deal with local goals, needs, and priorities. The book is distinctive because it helps people embrace opportunities and change on their own terms. As a result, leaders and their advocates will be better able to evaluate and respond to opportunities in an informed and systematic manner. Various business disciplines (such as accounting, finance, human resource management, organizational theory, and marketing) are discussed in ways that help the reader to envision both mainstream perspectives and the distinctive issues faced by ethnic enclaves.
Indigo Agriculture
by Marco Iansiti Christine Snively Michael W. ToffelIndigo Agriculture had successfully developed and launched its first commercial product, microbe-enhanced cotton seeds, on an accelerated product development timeline. In late 2016, as the company was about to launch their second product, winter wheat, the management team proposed to again accelerate their development timeline and introduce six new products in four countries within the next 12 months. The CEO and Director of Business Development met to discuss the feasibility of accelerating their timeline, potential bottlenecks in the product development process, resource management, and the potential need for a more formalized development process.
Indirect Benefits of Innovation: Making Innovation Pay
by John Butman Harold L. Sirkin James P. AndrewPayback from innovation means cash, but innovation also delivers other noncash benefits that can be valuable when they have the potential to lead to cash with some certainty. This chapter examines these benefits.
Indirect Tax Reform in India: 1947 To GST and Beyond
by Yashwant Sinha Vinay K. SrivastavaIndirect taxes have played an increasingly important role in the Indian economy. Indirect tax was first introduced in India in 1944 in the form of excise duty on Indian products as a measure of protection for goods imported from the UK. In the course of time, it became a well-established tax to shore up government finances. The need for reform in indirect taxes was felt soon after Independence, and several committees were appointed for this purpose. From there, the process of reforms of indirect taxes in India went through ups and downs till the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 2017. Indirect Tax Reform in India: 1947 to GST and Beyond maps these developments in detail and analyses the political economy behind it. It also deals with the current problems, the conceptual infirmities and the reforms needed urgently to restrict the disruption it has caused in the economy so far. This book outlines the impact of the past measures and the present changes, and suggests the future course of action for a better future.
Indispensable
by Gautam MukundaWill your next leader be insignificant-or indispensable?The importance of leadership and the impact of individual leaders has long been the subject of debate. Are they made by history, or do they make it?In Indispensable, Harvard Business School professor Gautam Mukunda offers an enticingly fresh look at how and when individual leaders really can make a difference. By identifying and analyzing the hidden patterns of their careers, and by exploring the systems that place these leaders in positions of power, Indispensable sheds new light on how we may be able to identify the best leaders and what lessons we can learn, from both the process and the result.Profiling a mix of historic and modern figures-from Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln to Winston Churchill and Judah Folkman-and telling the stories of how they came to power and how they made the most important decisions of their lives, Indispensable reveals how, when, and where a single individual in the right place at the right time can save or destroy the organization they lead, and even change the course of history.Indispensable will also help you understand this new model so you can use it in your own life-whether you're a citizen casting a ballot, an executive choosing your next CEO, or a leader trying to make your mark.
Indispensable By Monday
by Larry MylerSeparates fact from fiction for what makes an employee indispensableWhen trying to move ahead or even just keep a job, there are actions that would be of great advantage to any employee and there are strategies that are just plain stupid. Interestingly enough, the stupid strategies are used twice as frequently in corporate America. Indispensable By Monday goes beyond conventional wisdom to reveal and impart the skills and behaviors that any employee at any level of any organization can implement to bring substantial dollars to the company.Author Larry Myler and organizational performance consulting firm VitalSmarts asked 1,800 corporate leaders to identify the bottom-line behaviors that would make employees essential to their organizations. Now, Myler distills what he learned for every employee and employer. Indispensable By Monday outlines the profit-producing behaviors that distinguish workers who add value from those who don't, such as reducing company costs, increasing income, improving key processes, bringing back lost customers and more.
Indispensable Nation: American Foreign Policy in a Turbulent World
by Robert J. LieberA clear-eyed analysis of the role the United States should play in the world as it exists today The United States remains &“the indispensable nation.&” In this book, the distinguished international relations theorist and foreign policy specialist Robert Lieber argues that in a world full of revisionist powers, America&’s role is more important than ever. No other country is capable of playing that role. America remains the essential pillar of the postwar liberal order. It is a center of both political and financial stability, and it promotes important values that the revisionist powers do not. Not beholden to any particular theory, this is a clear-eyed analysis of the role the United States should play in the world as it exists today.
Indispensable and Other Myths
by Michael DorffProdded by economists in the 1970s, corporate directors began adding stock options and bonuses to the already-generous salaries of CEOs with hopes of boosting their companies' fortunes. Guided by largely unproven assumptions, this trend continues today. So what are companies getting in return for all the extra money? Not much, according to the empirical data. In Indispensable and Other Myths: Why the CEO Pay Experiment Failed and How to Fix It, Michael Dorff explores the consequences of this development. He shows how performance pay has not demonstrably improved corporate performance and offers studies showing that performance pay cannot improve performance on the kind of tasks companies ask of their CEOs. Moreover, CEOs of large established companies do not typically have much impact on their companies' results. In this eye-opening exposé, Dorff argues that companies should give up on the decades-long experiment to mold compensation into a corporate governance tool and maps out a rationale for returning to the era of guaranteed salaries.
Indistractable: How to Control Your Attention and Choose Your Life
by Nir Eyal"Indistractable provides a framework that will deliver the focus you need to get results." —James Clear, author of Atomic Habits "If you value your time, your focus, or your relationships, this book is essential reading. I'm putting these ideas into practice." —Jonathan Haidt, author of The Righteous Mind National Bestseller Winner of the Outstanding Works of Literature (OWL) Award Included in the Top 5 Best Personal Development Books of the Year by Audible Included in the Top 20 Best Business and Leadership Books of the Year by Amazon Featured in The Amazon Book Review Newsletter, January 2020 Goodreads Best Science & Technology of 2019 Finalist You sit down at your desk to work on an important project, but a notification on your phone interrupts your morning. Later, as you're about to get back to work, a colleague taps you on the shoulder to chat. At home, screens get in the way of quality time with your family. Another day goes by, and once again, your most important personal and professional goals are put on hold. What would be possible if you followed through on your best intentions? What could you accomplish if you could stay focused? What if you had the power to become "indistractable?" International bestselling author, former Stanford lecturer, and behavioral design expert, Nir Eyal, wrote Silicon Valley's handbook for making technology habit-forming. Five years after publishing Hooked, Eyal reveals distraction's Achilles' heel in his groundbreaking new book. In Indistractable, Eyal reveals the hidden psychology driving us to distraction. He describes why solving the problem is not as simple as swearing off our devices: Abstinence is impractical and often makes us want more. Eyal lays bare the secret of finally doing what you say you will do with a four-step, research-backed model. Indistractable reveals the key to getting the best out of technology, without letting it get the best of us. Inside, Eyal overturns conventional wisdom and reveals: Why distraction at work is a symptom of a dysfunctional company culture—and how to fix it What really drives human behavior and why "time management is pain management" Why your relationships (and your sex life) depend on you becoming indistractable How to raise indistractable children in an increasingly distracting world Empowering and optimistic, Indistractable provides practical, novel techniques to control your time and attention—helping you live the life you really want.
Inditex: 2000
by John R. Wells Galen DanskinIn 2000, Inditex was one of the largest specialty apparel retailers in the world, with $2.4 billion in sales from 1,080 stores across 33 countries. Zara, Inditex's main brand, produced popular designer items at a fraction of design-house prices and could push an item from design to display in less than two weeks. This left most other fashion retailers, who took between 9-12 months for this process, far behind. However, Inditex was still only one-sixth the size of the world's largest specialty retailer, US-based Gap, and two-thirds the size of its Swedish rival, H&M. Amancio Ortega, Inditex's notoriously private Chairman and founder, was committed to challenging these industry leaders. This expansion required more capital and, in July 2000, the company announced it would IPO in 2001. There was also the question of a new management team to take the company forward. Ortega was approaching retirement as was the CEO, Jos Maria Castellano. The first attempt to find a younger CEO had failed. Hopefully, an IPO would attract a new management team that could maintain Inditex's rapid expansion.