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Algal Biorefinery: Developments, Challenges and Opportunities (Routledge Studies in Bioenergy)
by Sonil Nanda Ajay K. Dalai Vaibhav V. Goud Venu Babu BorugaddaThis book enables readers to understand the theoretical aspects, key steps and scientific techniques with a detailed mechanism to produce biofuels from algae. Each chapter provides the latest developments and recent advancements starting from algal cultivation techniques to the production of value-added green fuels, chemicals and products with wide applications. The volume brings together a broad range of international and interdisciplinary experts, including chemical and biological engineers, biotechnologists, process engineers, environmentalists, pharmacists and nutritionists, to one platform to explore the beneficial aspects and challenges for an algal-based biorefinery. Chapters address cutting-edge issues surrounding algal cultivation, including genetic modification of algal strains, design and optimization of photobioreactors and open-pond systems, algal oil extraction techniques and algal-derived fuel products (biodiesel, bio-gasoline, jet fuels and bio-oil). Finally, the book considers the potential environmental impacts for establishing a sustainable algal biorefinery through lifecycle analysis, techno-economic assessment and supply chain management. This book will be an important resource for students, academics and professionals interested in algal cultivation, biofuels and agricultural engineering, and renewable energy and sustainable development more broadly.
Algebra GMAT Strategy Guide (Manhattan Prep GMAT Strategy Guides)
by Manhattan PrepThe Algebra GMAT Strategy Guide covers algebra in all its various forms (and disguises) on the GMAT, helping you master both fundamental techniques and nuanced strategies for solving algebraic problems.Unlike other guides that attempt to convey everything in a single tome, the Algebra GMAT Strategy Guide is designed to provide deep, focused coverage of one specialized area tested on the GMAT. As a result, students benefit from thorough and comprehensive subject material, clear explanations of fundamental principles, and step-by-step instructions of important techniques. In-action practice problems and detailed answer explanations challenge the student, while topical sets of Official Guide problems provide the opportunity for further growth. Used by itself or with other Manhattan Prep Strategy Guides, the Algebra GMAT Strategy Guide will help students develop all the knowledge, skills, and strategic thinking necessary for success on the GMAT.Purchase of this book includes six months of access to Manhattan Prepâ TMs online computer-adaptive GMAT practice exams and Algebra Question Bank. All of Manhattan Prepâ TMs GMAT Strategy Guides are aligned with both the 2015 Edition and 13th Edition GMAC Official Guide.
Algebraic Modeling Systems: Modeling and Solving Real World Optimization Problems (Applied Optimization #104)
by Josef KallrathThis book Algebraic Modeling Systems - Modeling and Solving Real World Optimization Problems - deals with the aspects of modeling and solving real-world optimization problems in a unique combination. It treats systematically the major algebraic modeling languages (AMLs) and modeling systems (AMLs) used to solve mathematical optimization problems. AMLs helped significantly to increase the usage of mathematical optimization in industry. Therefore it is logical consequence that the GOR (Gesellschaft für Operations Research) Working Group Mathematical Optimization in Real Life had a second meeting devoted to AMLs, which, after 7 years, followed the original 71st Meeting of the GOR (Gesellschaft für Operations Research) Working Group Mathematical Optimization in Real Life which was held under the title Modeling Languages in Mathematical Optimization during April 23-25, 2003 in the German Physics Society Conference Building in Bad Honnef, Germany. While the first meeting resulted in the book Modeling Languages in Mathematical Optimization, this book is an offspring of the 86th Meeting of the GOR working group which was again held in Bad Honnef under the title Modeling Languages in Mathematical Optimization.
Algeria--The Real Exchange Rate, Export Diversification, and Trade Protection
by Piritta SorsaFinancial report from the IMF
Algeria: 2003 Article IV Consultation--Staff Report; Staff Statement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Algeria
by International Monetary FundFinancial report from the IMF
Algeria: 2005 Article IV Consultation--Staff Report; Staff Statement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Algeria
by International Monetary FundFinancial report from the IMF
Algeria: 2006 Article IV Consultation--Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Algeria.
by International Monetary FundFinancial report from the IMF
Algeria: 2009 Article IV Consultation--Staff Report; and Public Information Notice
by International Monetary FundFinancial report from the IMF
Algeria: Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes--Fiscal Transparency Module
by Teresa Ter-Minassian Mohsin S. KhanA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Algeria: Selected Issues
by International Monetary FundA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Algeria: Selected Issues (EPub)
by Middle East Gabriel Sensenbrenner Boileau LokoA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Algeria: Selected Issues (Imf Staff Country Reports #Country Report No. 14/342)
by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.A report from the International Monetary Fund.
Algeria: Selected Issues Paper (Imf Staff Country Reports #Country Report No. 14/342)
by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.A report from the International Monetary Fund.
Algeria: Stabilization and Transition to the Market
by Karim Nashashibi Patricia Alonso-Gamo Stefania Bazzoni Alain Féler Nicole Laframboise Sebastian Paris HorvitzThis paper offers Algeria's recent experience with macroeconomic stabilization and systemic transformation from a centrally planned to a market economy. the analyses focuses on the period since 1994 when Algeria embarked on a comprehensive reform program that has benefitted from IMF support, first through a one-year Stand-by Arrangement, and from May 1995, through a three-year arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility. to better understand this experience, this paper provides some background information on Algeria's political history and economic developments during the period preceding the Stand-By arrangement.
Algeria: Statistical Appendix
by International Monetary FundA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Algeria: Statistical Appendix
by International Monetary FundA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Algo Bots and the Law: Technology, Automation, and the Regulation of Futures and Other Derivatives
by Gregory ScopinoThe trillion-dollar markets for futures, swaps, commodity options, and related derivatives are extremely important to the global economy because, among other things, they influence the prices that people pay for everything from heating oil and bread to the interest rates connected to mortgages and student loans. Due to technological advances in automation and artificial intelligence, these markets have recently undergone a dramatic transformation away from human-centered trading and operations to control by high-speed automated systems. In this work, Gregory Scopino explains how such changes present challenges to the oversight of these markets and discusses potential ways for authorities to address issues presented by computerized trading and related systems. This book should be read by anyone interested in learning how artificial intelligence is used in the financial markets and how those markets are - and should be - regulated.
Algorithm Portfolios: Advances, Applications, and Challenges (SpringerBriefs in Optimization)
by Panos M. Pardalos Ilias S. Kotsireas Konstantinos E. Parsopoulos Dimitris SouravliasThis book covers algorithm portfolios, multi-method schemes that harness optimization algorithms into a joint framework to solve optimization problems. It is expected to be a primary reference point for researchers and doctoral students in relevant domains that seek a quick exposure to the field. The presentation focuses primarily on the applicability of the methods and the non-expert reader will find this book useful for starting designing and implementing algorithm portfolios. The book familiarizes the reader with algorithm portfolios through current advances, applications, and open problems. Fundamental issues in building effective and efficient algorithm portfolios such as selection of constituent algorithms, allocation of computational resources, interaction between algorithms and parallelism vs. sequential implementations are discussed. Several new applications are analyzed and insights on the underlying algorithmic designs are provided. Future directions, new challenges, and open problems in the design of algorithm portfolios and applications are explored to further motivate research in this field.
Algorithmen, Zufall, Unsicherheit – und Pizza!: Wie Mathematik uns hilft, alltägliche Entscheidungen zu treffen
by Florian HeinrichsDieses Buch lädt dazu ein, die Welt um uns herum aus einem neuen Blickwinkel zu betrachten und dabei die spannende Verbindung zwischen der Mathematik und unserem täglichen Leben zu entdecken – denn um die Technologien und Entwicklungen unserer modernen Gesellschaft zu verstehen, benötigen wir ein intuitives Verständnis grundlegender mathematischer Ideen. In diesem Buch geht es um diese Grundlagen, vor allem aber um ihre praktische Anwendung im Alltag: Gemeinsam begeben wir uns auf eine unterhaltsame Reise und entdecken dabei, wie Mathematik in vielfältiger Weise allgegenwärtig ist. Anschauliche Beispiele zeigen, wie wir täglich – oft unbewusst – mathematische Ideen nutzen und wie wir mit Hilfe von Mathematik bessere Entscheidungen treffen können. Nach einer Einführung in Algorithmen und Optimierungsprobleme, geht es im weiteren Verlauf um die Modellierung von Zufall und Unsicherheiten. Zum Ende des Buchs werden die Themen zusammengeführt und Algorithmen für Anwendungen besprochen, bei denen der Zufall eine entscheidende Rolle spielt. Sie erfahren unter anderem: Wie Sie systematisch Ordnung in Ihre Plattensammlung bringen können Warum ein vermeintliches Optimum nicht immer optimal ist Wie viele Getränke Sie bei einer Party bereitstellen sollten, damit niemand durstig nach Hause geht Wann Sie besser den nächsten freien Parkplatz nehmen sollten
Algorithmic Architecture
by Kostas TerzidisWhy does the word design owe its origin to Latin and not Greek roots? Where do the limits of the human mind lie? How does ambiguity enter the deterministic world of computation? Who was Parmenides and why is his philosophy still puzzling today? This unique volume challenges the reader to tackle all these complex questions and more.Algorithmic Architecture is not a typical theory-based architectural book; it is not a computer programming or language tutorial book either. It contains a series of provocative design projects, and yet it is not just a design or graphic art book per se. Following the tradition of architecture as a conglomeration of various design fields - engineering, theory, art, and recently, computation - the challenge of this book is to present a concept that, like architecture, is a unifying theme for many diverse disciplines. An algorithm is not only a step-by-step problem-solving procedure, a series of lines of computer codes or a mechanistic linguistic expression, but is also an ontological construct with deep philosophical, social, design, and artistic repercussions. Consequently, this book presents many, various and often seemingly disparate points of view that lead to the establishment of one common theme; algorithmic architecture.
Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management: 11th International Conference, AAIM 2016, Bergamo, Italy, July 18-20, 2016, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9778)
by Riccardo Dondi Guillaume Fertin Giancarlo MauriThis volume constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management, AAIM 2016, held in Bergamo, Italy, in July 2016. The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 41 submissions. The papers deal with current trends of research on algorithms, data structures, operation research, combinatorial optimization and their applications.
Algorithmic Aspects of Discrete Choice in Convex Optimization (Mathematische Optimierung und Wirtschaftsmathematik | Mathematical Optimization and Economathematics)
by David MüllerThis book develops a framework to analyze algorithmic aspects of discrete choice models in convex optimization. The central aspect is to derive new prox-functions from discrete choice surplus functions, which are then incorporated into convex optimization schemes. The book provides further economic applications of discrete choice prox-functions within the context of convex optimization such as network manipulation based on alternating minimization and dynamic pricing for online marketplaces.
Algorithmic Bias in Marketing
by Ayelet Israeli Eva AscarzaThis note focuses on algorithmic bias in marketing. First, it presents a variety of marketing examples in which algorithmic bias may occur. The examples are organized around the 4 P's of marketing - promotion, price, place and product-characterizing the marketing decision that generates the bias and highlighting the consequences of such a bias. Then, it explains the potential causes of algorithmic bias and offers some solutions to mitigate or reduce this bias.
Algorithmic Decision Making with Python Resources: From Multicriteria Performance Records to Decision Algorithms via Bipolar-Valued Outranking Digraphs (International Series in Operations Research & Management Science #324)
by Raymond BisdorffThis book describes Python3 programming resources for implementing decision aiding algorithms in the context of a bipolar-valued outranking approach. These computing resources, made available under the name Digraph3, are useful in the field of Algorithmic Decision Theory and more specifically in outranking-based Multiple-Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA). The first part of the book presents a set of tutorials introducing the Digraph3 collection of Python3 modules and its main objects, such as bipolar-valued digraphs and outranking digraphs. In eight methodological chapters, the second part illustrates multiple-criteria evaluation models and decision algorithms. These chapters are largely problem-oriented and demonstrate how to edit a new multiple-criteria performance tableau, how to build a best choice recommendation, how to compute the winner of an election and how to make rankings or ratings using incommensurable criteria. The book’s third part presents three real-world decision case studies, while the fourth part addresses more advanced topics, such as computing ordinal correlations between bipolar-valued outranking digraphs, computing kernels in bipolar-valued digraphs, testing for confidence or stability of outranking statements when facing uncertain or solely ordinal criteria significance weights, and tempering plurality tyranny effects in social choice problems. The fifth and last part is more specifically focused on working with undirected graphs, tree graphs and forests. The closing chapter explores comparability, split, interval and permutation graphs. The book is primarily intended for graduate students in management sciences, computational statistics and operations research. The chapters presenting algorithms for ranking multicriteria performance records will be of computational interest for designers of web recommender systems. Similarly, the relative and absolute quantile-rating algorithms, discussed and illustrated in several chapters, will be of practical interest to public and private performance auditors.
Algorithmic Decision Theory: 4th International Conference, ADT 2015, Lexington, KY, USA, September 27-30, 2015, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #9346)
by Toby WalshThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Algorithmic Decision Theory , ADT 2015, held in September 2015 in Lexington, USA. The 32 full papers presented were carefully selected from 76 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections such as preferences; manipulation, learning and other issues; utility and decision theory; argumentation; bribery and control; social choice; allocation and other problems; doctoral consortium.