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An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain (Routledge Library Editions: The History of Economic Thought #12)
by Henry ThorntonThis book, first edited with an introduction by F. A. v. Hayek in 1939, explores some of the popular errors which related to the suspension of the cash payments of the Bank of England, and to the influence of our paper currency on the price of provisions. The introduction provides an interesting overview of the life, thoughts, and achievements of Henry Thornton. An Enquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Paper Credit of Great Britain will be of interest to students of the history of economic thought.
An Entrepreneur's New Product Development Journey
by Elie OfekThis case tracks the new product development process undertaken by Gauri Nanda, the founder and CEO of Nanda Home, as she ventures to innovate beyond her initial product launches. Having achieved commercial success with her first product Clocky, a roll away alarm clock that owners interacted with in a way they found functionally and emotionally appealing, and after two extensions of the line, Nanda thought it was time to design, develop and market another item that would solve an everyday problem with lifelike charm. She wanted to create a clock that would appeal to children and their parents by facilitating kids' going to sleep and waking up routines. However, there were several factors Nanda had to grapple with before she could commit to final manufacturing design and development. Did she conduct sufficient market research to verify the desire for the 'Clockiddie' concept and the features planned? Were her assumptions about parents and kids valid to suggest the product would be in high demand once launched? Could she keep a premium price point in a consumer market that was trending downward in willingness to pay? Should she cut back on differentiating features to reduce costs and price? Or could the product be engineered under current specifications to an acceptable cost of goods and retail price point? These decisions had to be made soon so that the product could be launched to meet the back to school buying period.
An Entrepreneurial Theory of the Firm (Routledge Foundations Of The Market Economy Ser.)
by Frederic SautetThis original, provocative work makes a thorough and comprehensive enquiry into the relationship that exists between firms and markets, with separate, in-depth examinations of both the existence and inner organisation of the firm. Sautet develops an accomplished and convincing theory that encompasses a wealth of existing literature and leads it in
An Essay Upon Projects
by Daniel DefoeDaniel Defoe was a writer, journalist and spy. He was one of the first authors to write a novel. <P> <P> In An Essay Upon Projects Defoe defines the word project and enlarges on the concept including looking at the economic ramifications of several projects he was personally familiar with. The Introduction sums up this first work by Defoe as follows. "It is practical in the highest degree, while running over with fresh speculation that seeks everywhere the well-being of society by growth of material and moral power. There is a wonderful fertility of mind, and almost whimsical precision of detail, with good sense and good humour to form the groundwork of a happy English style. Defoe in this book ran again and again into sound suggestions that first came to be realised long after he was dead. Upon one subject, indeed, the education of women, we have only just now caught him up. Defoe wrote the book in 1692 or 1693, when his age was a year or two over thirty, and he published it in 1697. "
An Essay on China’s Development After the Demographic Golden Age (Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path)
by Xueyuan TianThis book mainly addresses China’s current demographic situation and social people-related policies. It aims to solve the issues of demographic transition, population aging, population flow, urbanization, population quality, etc. China is the first large population country, with the vast territory and the huge economic system. It has many issues such as productivity and production relations, superstructure and economic base, and domestic and international relations in various fields and at all levels. Hence, China needs to come up with a set of overall strategies. The author sorts out all of his works in recent years and performs his new academic achievements on demographic issues and social governing strategies. This timely book offers new methods that impact advanced social development with real data.
An Essay on Yugoslav Society
by Branko HorvatThis title was first published in 1967. In the foreword the author states that the present Essay was not written in haste, and probably cannot be read through in haste either. It is the result of my thinking about our society for the last sixteen years. The section "The Transition Period" was written and published as long ago as 1951 ; the last section, on the theory of the party, was written only after the Brioni Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, when study of these problems had become socially relevant, in the sense of the quotation of Marx that has been adopted as the epigraph of this book. Part of the text has been published in Ekonomist, Pregled, Gledüta and Na&e teme. Part I and Chapters 11 and 14 are taken from my book Towards a Theory of Planned Economy.
An Essay on the Principle of Population
by Nick BrotenThomas Robert Malthus’ 1798 Essay on the Principle of Population helped change the direction of economics, politics, and the natural sciences with its reasoning and problem solving. The central topic of the essay was the idea, extremely prevalent in the 18th and 19th centuries, that human society was in some way perfectible. According to many thinkers of the time, mankind was on a course of steady improvement with advances set to continuously improve society and life for all. Malthus was a skeptic on this point, and, in a clear example of the skill of reasoning, set about constructing and marshalling a strong argument for a less optimistic view. Central to his argument were the laws of population growth and their relationship to growth in agricultural production; in his view the former would always outstrip the latter. This provided a strong argument that society was limited by finite resources – a closely reasoned argument that continues to influence economists, politicians and scientists today, as well as environmental movements. While Malthus’ proposed solutions have been less influential, they remain an excellent example of problem solving, offering a range of answers to the problem of population growth and finite resources.
An Essay on the Principle of Population: The 1803 Edition
by Thomas Robert Malthus Shannon C. StimsonMalthus’s Essay on the Principle of Population remains one of the most influential works of political economy ever written. Most widely circulated in its initial 1798 version, this is the first publication of his benchmark 1803 edition since 1989. Introduced by editor Shannon C. Stimson, this edition includes essays on the historical and political theoretical underpinnings of Malthus’s work by Niall O’Flaherty, Malthus’s influence on concepts of nature by Deborah Valenze, implications of his population model for political economy by Sir Anthony Wrigley, an assessment of Malthus’s theory in light of modern economic ideas by Kenneth Binmore, and a discussion of the Essay’s literary and cultural influence by Karen O’Brien. The result is an enlarged view of the political, social, and cultural impact of this profoundly influential work.
An Essay on the Principle of Sustainable Population (SpringerBriefs in Population Studies)
by Toshihiko HaraThis book focuses on the future of the global population and proposes revising Malthus’ Law. The United Nations estimates that the global population will top 11 billion by 2100, at which point its growth will be near an end: it will find a new equilibrium in a long demographic transition from high birth and death rates to low ones. However, the author reviews the fertility developments reported in the World Population Prospects 2017, which are near or below the replacement level in most regions, with the important exception of Sub-Saharan Africa, and warns of a possible scenario of the extinction of human society. Returning to Malthus, his Essay on the Principle of Population is critically reconsidered. Simple simulations show that exponential growth and decay are unsustainable beyond the narrow ranges of the net reproduction rate. In addition, the length of reproduction periods, which depends on women’s lifespans, plays a pivotal role. The limits of growth are given in any case, to the extent that time and space will permit.From this perspective, teleological conditions such as instinct, passion, or even natural reproductive tendencies are irrelevant and unnecessary. When the population deviates too far from the replacement level, either its shrinking or massive growth will overshoot the limits of its existence. This principle of sustainable population indicates that the demographic transition must follow a logistic curve. Using a system dynamics approach, the author constructs a simulation model based on four major loops: fertility, reproduction timing, social capital accumulation, and lifespan. Using only endogenous variables, this model successfully reproduces the historical process of the demographic transition in Japan. Thereby, it shows that the timing and periods of reproduction, maximum fertility, and maximum lifespan hold the key to sustainability. Based on these findings, the author subsequently discusses recovering replacement fertility, extending lifespans, and the demographic future of the human race.
An Estimated Model with Macrofinancial Linkages for India
by Magnus Saxegaard Rahul Anand Shanaka PeirisA report from the International Monetary Fund.
An Ethico-Political Evaluation of the Necessity for a Referendum over any Future German Olympic Bid (Event- und Impaktforschung)
by Lucia GosebrinkThe implementation of referenda in advance to an Olympic bid is common in Western democratic countries. In many cases, they have produced negative results, ending the aspiration of Olympic Games on the spot. Germany is no exception to this case. While recent research has predominantly investigated the possible reasons why past referenda have failed, the aim of this book is to evaluate the necessity of a referendum as a tool in the first place. Since a referendum is no formal requirement by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), its application is examined on an ethico-political level. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of a referendum in terms of any future German Olympic bid are analysed and discussed – from a political, civil and German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) perspective. Based on the findings, this work rejects the necessity of a referendum before a German Olympic bid, as the alignment of ethico-political considerations analysed does not seem to be sufficiently pronounced in the de jure and de facto implementation of this tool.
An Ethics of Interrogation
by Michael SkerkerThe act of interrogation, and the debate over its use, pervades our culture, whether through fictionalized depictions in movies and television or discussions of real-life interrogations on the news. But despite daily mentions of the practice in the media, there is a lack of informed commentary on its moral implications. Moving beyond the narrow focus on torture that has characterized most work on the subject, An Ethics of Interrogation is the first book to fully address this complex issue. In this important new examination of a controversial subject, Michael Skerker confronts a host of philosophical and legal issues, from the right to privacy and the privilege against compelled self-incrimination to prisoner rights and the legal consequences of different modes of interrogation for both domestic criminal and foreign terror suspects. These topics raise serious questions about the morality of keeping secrets as well as the rights of suspected terrorists and insurgents. Thoughtful consideration of these subjects leads Skerker to specific policy recommendations for law enforcement, military, and intelligence professionals.
An Evaluation of Federal Reserve Policy 1924-1930 (Routledge Library Editions: History of Money, Banking and Finance #5)
by Claire Helene YoungThis book, first published in 1992, explores the role of the Federal Reserve System in the Great Depression. Several theories of the causes of the Great Depression are discussed. What the Federal Reserve did, how they defended their actions, and how business writers, businessmen and economists viewed these actions are important. Analysis of these opinions sheds light on how aware of the appropriateness of Federal Reserve policy concerned participants of that time period were.
An Evaluation of Japanese Environmental Regulations: Quantitative Approaches from Environmental Economics
by Toshi H. Arimura Kazuyuki IwataFocusing on air pollution, energy efficiency and climate change, this book provides an introduction to Japan's environmental policies and regulations, and offers economic analyses and RIAs (Regulatory Impact Analysis) of environmental regulations implemented or planned by the national and local governments. The opening chapter reviews environmental economics and outlines the current status of RIAs in Japan. Chapter 2 analyzes the NOx-PM Act, which prohibits the use of old and polluting vehicles in metropolitan areas. Chapter 3 examines a Tokyo metropolitan government regulation which requires installation of pollution control equipment in older trucks that fail to meet emission standards. Chapter 4 traces the impact of the NOx-PM Act on the used car market and used vehicle exports. Chapter 5 presents an economic analysis of a highway toll reduction, revealing an unexpected negative social impact: it increased traffic congestion and associated environmental problems. The final three chapters address policies and regulations related to energy efficiency and climate change Chapter 6 evaluates the effectiveness of Japan's Energy Conservation Act, originally introduced in 1979 and amended numerous times to address climate change. Chapter 7 anticipates the impact of a proposed economy-wide carbon tax, using input-output analysis to assess short-term economic impacts in each sector. Also presented here is an examination of the effectiveness of a reduced carbon tax for energy-intensive industries, with a discussion of the impact of the proposal on households. The final chapter discusses the role and limitations of economic models for evaluating Japan's mid-term GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emission target during the post-Kyoto period. This is the first book to evaluate Japanese environmental policies from an economic perspective, using a variety of current quantitative approaches. Its findings and suggestions will benefit students, policy makers and government officials in developing and developed countries where the public faces similar environmental problems.
An Events Industry Takes Shape: A Case Study of the UK and Poland
by Philip BernersThis timely book critically evaluates the factors which shape an events industry as it develops, with the aim of helping to narrow the disparate behaviours and practices of organisers within the global marketplace of international events.Stemming from an innovative qualitative research project, which included interviews with senior events organisers at landmark venues in both the UK and Poland, this volume provides an insight into both the emerging events industry in Poland and the developed events industry in the UK, highlighting cross-cultural risk and safety gaps that may impact organisers, clients, attendees, suppliers, and workers. The book highlights the importance of a unanimous global approach to events organisation, the creation of a professional community of practice, and ethos of self-learning within the events industry and the need for an international professional association for organisers involved with providing international events. The book explores the three themes of 'Event Culture', 'Tourism and Events', and 'Risk Awareness at Events', thus focusing on long-term factors of events industries.International in scope, this book will appeal to students on courses such as managing events, planning events, project management, and hospitality and tourism studies, as well as events organisers in locations where events is an emerging industry.
An Everyone Culture: Becoming a Deliberately Developmental Organization
by Deborah Helsing Lisa Laskow Lahey Robert Kegan Andy Fleming Matthew L MillerA Radical New Model for Unleashing Your Company's PotentialIn most organizations nearly everyone is doing a second job no one is paying them for-namely, covering their weaknesses, trying to look their best, and managing other people's impressions of them. There may be no greater waste of a company's resources. The ultimate cost: neither the organization nor its people are able to realize their full potential. What if a company did everything in its power to create a culture in which everyone-not just select "high potentials"-could overcome their own internal barriers to change and use errors and vulnerabilities as prime opportunities for personal and company growth?Robert Kegan and Lisa Lahey (and their collaborators) have found and studied such companies-Deliberately Developmental Organizations. A DDO is organized around the simple but radical conviction that organizations will best prosper when they are more deeply aligned with people's strongest motive, which is to grow. This means going beyond consigning "people development" to high-potential programs, executive coaching, or once-a-year off-sites. It means fashioning an organizational culture in which support of people's development is woven into the daily fabric of working life and the company's regular operations, daily routines, and conversations.An Everyone Culture dives deep into the worlds of three leading companies that embody this breakthrough approach. It reveals the design principles, concrete practices, and underlying science at the heart of DDOs-from their disciplined approach to giving feedback, to how they use meetings, to the distinctive way that managers and leaders define their roles. The authors then show readers how to build this developmental culture in their own organizations.This book demonstrates a whole new way of being at work. It suggests that the culture you create is your strategy-and that the key to success is developing everyone.
An Evolutionary Approach to Social Welfare (Routledge Frontiers Of Political Economy Ser. #Vol. 51)
by Christian SartoriusWhile not evident immediately, social norms and values play a crucial role in the theory of social choice. In the first half of the twentieth century, the special acknowledgement by economic theory of the autonomy of individuals and their subjective view of the world had led to the serious problem that socially acceptable decisions could not be mad
An Exchange Rate History of the United Kingdom: 1945–1992 (Studies in Macroeconomic History)
by Alain NaefHow did the Bank of England manage sterling crises? This book steps into the shoes of the Bank's foreign exchange dealers to show how foreign exchange intervention worked in practice. The author reviews the history of sterling over half a century, using new archives, data and unseen photographs. This book traces the sterling crises from the end of the War to Black Wednesday in 1992. The resulting analysis shows that a secondary reserve currency such as sterling plays an important role in the stability of the international system. The author goes on to explore the lessons the Bretton Woods system on managed exchange rates has for contemporary policy makers in the context of Brexit. This is a crucial reference for scholars in economics and history examining past and current prospects for the international financial system.
An Executive Guide to IFRS
by Peter Walton"A comprehensive and invaluable guide to IFRS which users will find indispensable in correctly applying the complex and onerous requirements of IFRS and IAS."Steve Collings FMAAT FCCA, Leavitt Walmsley Associates and author of Interpretation and Application of International Standards on AuditingInternational Financial Reporting Standards have been mandatory in the EU since 2005 and are rapidly being adopted by countries throughout the world. In this environment it is increasingly important for managers, executives and CEOs to understand the background of the IFRS and their main requirements.In An Executive Guide to IFRS: Content, Costs and Benefits to Business, Peter Walton provides a concise and accessible guide to the principal features of IFRS, explains why they are useful, looks at their impact on businesses, and provides some of the context to help define their global role.The book is divided into three sections. Part one deals with the convergence process and its costs and benefits, and gives background on the story so far. Part two contains the main technical content of the book and provides an analysis of the main issues under IFRS reporting, including:* The content of financial statements* Investments in other companies* Income Statement and Balance Sheet items* IFRS for SMEs* A comparison with US GAAPPart three covers the creation of the IFRS, provides details of the IASB's standard-setting process, and describes how people outside the IASB can participate in the process and lobby effectively. It also examines the history of the IASB, and includes a chapter based on the author's observation of the standard setters in action.An Executive Guide to IFRS is an invaluable resource for anyone seeking to understand the essentials of International Financial Reporting Standards.
An Executive Perspective on Workforce Planning
by John Arquilla Cheryl Y. Marcum David R. Frelinger Albert A. Robbert Donna Fossum Robert M. EmmerichsWorkforce planning is an activity intended to ensure that investment in human capital results in the timely capability to effectively carry out an organization's strategic intent. This report examines how corporate executives can provide guidance from the top of the organization to the business units that actually carry out the organization's activities so that the strategic is successfully realized.
An Executive's Guide to Fundraising Operations
by Christopher M. CannonA straightforward guide to the principles of effective fundraising operations An Executive Guide to Fundraising Operations provides fundraisers with easy-to-understand approaches to evaluate and address fundraising operations needs and opportunities. This guide simplifies and focuses on the analysis of problems and needs, allowing a quick return to fundraising. Provides the essential framework to improve and innovate development operations Includes dozens of practical tools, including sample policies for data, database, reporting, and business processes Offers sample workflow illustrations for gift processing and acknowledgment, report specification, and other processes Features sample reports for campaign management, performance management, and exception management Delivers effective calculators for operational rules of thumb No matter what the department is called, most fundraisers struggle with evaluating operational issues. This guide leads you through principles of effective fundraising operations, simplifies complicated topics, and offers solutions to some of the most vexing operations dilemmas.
An Executive’s Guide to Software Quality in an Agile Organization: A Continuous Improvement Journey
by Navid Nader-RezvaniUtilize a set of practical guidelines to help your Agile organization elevate software design quality as an important business driver to achieve customer satisfaction and, ultimately, higher revenue for your company. This is the first book to focus on a holistic quality view—what it is and how it links to overall business enhancements. The real-world examples used in this book allow you to learn and apply similar strategies and guidelines to help create a quality blueprint for your organization. Five pillars of quality are defined that can be used for any industry and, once internalized, can serve as a set of tools to continuously improve and measure the key factors impacting quality.What You’ll Learn Be aware of the key elements in any transformation that involves culture Link quality and business outcomes Understand quality and its holistic definition and why continuous improvement is still a relevant approach in enhancing quality Follow guidelines with specific examples that can be applied to any product release in any type of industry to improve quality and enhance Agile processes Utilize relevant metrics to measure and continuously improve to make incremental positive changes Who This Book Is For Individuals at various levels in organizations—from Agile scrum teams, all the way up to executive leadership
An Explanation of Constrained Optimization for Economists
by Peter MorganIn a constrained optimization problem, the decisionmaker wants to select the "optimal" choice - the one most valuable to him or her - that also meets all of the constraints imposed by the problem. Such problems are at the heart of modern economics, where the typical behavioral postulate is that a decisionmaker behaves "rationally"; that is, chooses optimally from a set of constrained choices.Most books on constrained optimization are technical and full of jargon that makes it hard for the inexperienced reader to gain a holistic understanding of the topic. Peter B. Morgan's Explanation of Constrained Optimization for Economists solves this problem by emphasizing explanations, both written and visual, of the manner in which many constrained optimization problems can be solved. Suitable as a textbook or a reference for advanced undergraduate and graduate students familiar with the basics of one-variable calculus and linear algebra, this book is an accessible, user-friendly guide to this key concept.
An Exploration of the SARFAESI Act: Practical Insights
by Syamjith ParakkottThis book looks at the constitutional and regulatory frameworks of loan and debt recovery laws and legislations. It explores different aspects of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act, 2002, along with the issues and challenges in enforcing the Act in India.The book explores the evolution of debt recovery laws in India by analysing various past cases and legislations relating to the recovery of dues by banks and financial institutions. Taking the rights of both banks and borrowers into consideration, it provides a description of the relevant provisions of the SARFAESI Act and its implications. The author analyses relevant case laws and practical experiences to highlight the positives and the issues of the SARFAESI Act that have strengthened the creditor’s rights in India. The book also looks at the consolidation of insolvency and bankruptcy laws in India that have contributed to the process of debt recovery while protecting customers.Lucid and comprehensive, this volume will be an indispensable resource for students and researchers of law, business and company law, monetary economics, macroeconomics, Asian law, and comparative law. It will also be useful for teaching faculty, legal practioners and bankers.
An Extraordinary Time: The End of the Postwar Boom and the Return of the Ordinary Economy
by Marc LevinsonThe decades after World War II were a golden age across much of the world. It was a time of economic miracles, an era when steady jobs were easy to find and families could see their living standards improving year after year. And then, around 1973, the good times vanished. The world economy slumped badly, then settled into the slow, erratic growth that had been the norm before the war. The result was an era of anxiety, uncertainty, and political extremism that we are still grappling with today.In An Extraordinary Time, acclaimed economic historian Marc Levinson describes how the end of the postwar boom reverberated throughout the global economy, bringing energy shortages, financial crises, soaring unemployment, and a gnawing sense of insecurity. Politicians, suddenly unable to deliver the prosperity of years past, railed haplessly against currency speculators, oil sheikhs, and other forces they could not control. From Sweden to Southern California, citizens grew suspicious of their newly ineffective governments and rebelled against the high taxes needed to support social welfare programs enacted when coffers were flush.Almost everywhere, the pendulum swung to the right, bringing politicians like Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan to power. But their promise that deregulation, privatization, lower tax rates, and smaller government would restore economic security and robust growth proved unfounded. Although the guiding hand of the state could no longer deliver the steady economic performance the public had come to expect, free-market policies were equally unable to do so. The golden age would not come back again.A sweeping reappraisal of the last sixty years of world history, An Extraordinary Time forces us to come to terms with how little control we actually have over the economy.