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Macroeconomics and Markets in India: Good Luck or Good Policy?
by Ashima GoyalIndia was one of the better performers after the global financial crisis, and has done well despite opening out in a period of great international volatility. This book asks if this was due to luck or to good management. How much did macroeconomic policy contribute and did it do as much as it could have, on a reform path that was not standard? Are there any lessons from the Indian experience for the rest of the world? Senior Indian policy economists, market participants, and researchers address these interesting and important questions.There are those who think financial reform has gone too fast - relaxations in foreign borrowing norms exposed firms to external shocks. Volatile capital flows impacted markets, although more liberalization of risk-sharing equity compared to debt flows, was effective in reducing domestic risk. But there are also those who think reform was too slow - choking financial development: many markets and instruments that could improve domestic financial intermediation and reduce risk were held back. Analysis suggests policy was able to find the correct timing, pace and combination of reforms and of caution, but improvement is always possible. Luck and inherent strengths of the economy helped absorb both policy mistakes and external shocks. This book was originally published as a special issue of Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies.
Macroeconomics and Monetary Theory
by Harry G. JohnsonMacroeconomics is an outgrowth from the main stream of classical monetary theory following Keynes. Keynes changed the emphasis from determination of the level of money prices to determination of the level of output and employment. He also changed the key relationship from demand and supply of money as determining the price level to the relationship between consumption expenditure and income, in conjunction with private investment expenditure, as determining the level of output and therefore employment demanded. The income multiplier replaced the velocity of circulation as the key concept of monetary theory. The tendency of the past twenty-five years has been to reintegrate Keynesian and classical monetary theory into one general system of analysis. Moreover, as inflation has succeeded mass unemployment as a major policy problem, interest in classical monetary theory has revived, while Keynesians have increasingly' emphasized the monetary aspects of Keynesian theory. The proper contemporary distinction is not between two separate branches of economic theory, but between two areas of application or contexts of the theory of rational maximizing behavior. In the one (the microeconomic) context, it is assumed either that the overall workings of the economic system can be disregarded, or that the macroeconomic relationships are in full general equilibrium. In the other (the macroeconomic) context, it is assumed that the maximizing decisions of individual economic units (firms and households) will not necessarily add up to a macroeconomic equilibrium, but will produce a disequilibrium situation that will in the course of time produce changes in the individual decisions.
Macroeconomics and Programming (Routledge Library Editions: Macroeconomics)
by Kenneth K. KuriharaThis volume, originally published in 1964, is intended for students of macroeconomic theory and mathematical programming. Part 1 includes critical discussion of debates from the 1950s and 60s in the related fields of income-employment , trade cycles and general prices, with an ultimate view to extending macroeconomic analysis and policy beyond the conventional purview; Part 2 suggests various possible macro applications of mathematical programming techniques to optimization problems, with a secondary view to forwwarding the synthesis of aggregative economic theory and multisectoral input-output analysis.
Macroeconomics and the History of Economic Thought: Festschrift in Honour of Harald Hagemann (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics #144)
by Hans-Michael Trautwein Heinz D. Kurz Hagen M. KrämerThe essays in this Festschrift have been chosen to honour Harald Hagemann and his scientific work. They reflect his main contributions to economic research and his major fields of interest. The essays in the first part deal with various aspects within the history of economic thought. The second part is about the current state of macroeconomics. The essays in the third part of the book cover topics on economic growth and structural dynamics.
Macroeconomics as Systems Theory: Transcending the Micro-Macro Dichotomy
by Richard E. WagnerThis book examines macroeconomic theory from an analytical framework provided by theories of complex systems, in contrast to conventional theories founded on aggregation. The resulting difference in analytical perspectives is huge: the macro level of society is not pursued through aggregation over micro entities. To the contrary, the micro-macro relation is treated as one of parts-to-whole, and this relation is approached from within an ecological scheme of thought. A society is a complex ecology of plans. That ecology, however, is not reducible to a single plan. Conventional macro theory presents a national economy as a collection of such aggregate variables as output, employment, investment, and a price level, and seeks to develop theoretical relationships among those variables. In contrast, the social-theoretic approach to macro or social theory in this book treats the standard macro variables as having been shaped through social institutions, conventions, and processes that in turn are generated through interaction among economizing persons. The object denoted as macro is thus of a higher order of complexity than the object denoted as micro.
Macroeconomics for Business: The Manager's Way of Understanding the Global Economy
by Lawrence S. Davidson Andreas Hauskrecht Jürgen von HagenInterpreting and applying macroeconomic analysis to the global economic environment and understanding the tools used to do so is fundamental to making good managerial decisions. Presuming no background in economic theory and prioritizing international application, this textbook introduces macroeconomics to business students. It explains how to understand domestic and global macroeconomic developments, policies, and data, and makes extensive use of case studies and data sets to present modern macroeconomics in a globalized world. Each chapter has several specific data exercises and practices as well as an international application focusing on the global perspective. By providing a host of international material, this book is useful for instructors and students around the globe.
Macroeconomics for Developing Countries
by Raghbendra JhaThis comprehensively revised and updated edition develops the themes presented in the first edition. Students and teachers who are familiar with the book will notice entirely new chapters as well as significant revision and uptating of existing chapters to take into account global economic changes since the turn of the millennium. With qu
Macroeconomics for Emerging East Asia
by Calla WiemerMacroeconomics for Emerging East Asia presents a distinctive approach to the study of macroeconomic theory and policy. The author develops a unique analytical framework that incorporates: (1) both internal and external balance as aspects of macroeconomic stability; (2) both the exchange rate and the interest rate as monetary policy instruments, (3) government debt sustainability as a concern of fiscal policy, and (4) global capital flows as a force to be reckoned with. The framework provides students with the foundational knowledge to analyze macroeconomic issues common to emerging economies. Concepts are illustrated using the latest empirical data and extensive case study analysis for thirteen economies of Northeast and Southeast Asia (Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam). The book's lucid exposition accommodates students of differing levels of preparation.
Macroeconomics for Professionals: A Guide for Analysts and Those Who Need to Understand Them
by Susan Schadler Leslie LipschitzUnderstanding macroeconomic developments and policies in the twenty-first century is daunting: policy-makers face the combined challenges of supporting economic activity and employment, keeping inflation low and risks of financial crises at bay, and navigating the ever-tighter linkages of globalization. Many professionals face demands to evaluate the implications of developments and policies for their business, financial, or public policy decisions. Macroeconomics for Professionals provides a concise, rigorous, yet intuitive framework for assessing a country's macroeconomic outlook and policies. Drawing on years of experience at the International Monetary Fund, Leslie Lipschitz and Susan Schadler have created an operating manual for professional applied economists and all those required to evaluate economic analysis.
Macroeconomics for Today
by Irvin B. TuckerIn this book, Irvin Tucker presents Macro and Micro economic concepts using a writing style that is engaging and clear, no matter what your current level of economic understanding. A unique presentation and visual learning system, colorful graphs and Causation Chains clarify and illustrate important economic principles. The book concisely presents and reinforces core concepts, while online resources immediately facilitate assessment of understanding, and will study the latest information on economic growth, income distribution, federal deficits, environmental issues, and other developments in economics today. The book's easy-to-follow format demonstrates how to apply principles to your everyday life, while numerous printed and digital study tools help you further master key current economic principles.
Macroeconomics for Today (7th Edition)
by Irvin B. TuckerHelp today's learner visualize macroeconomics in action with the most pedagogically rich, complete book available--Tucker's MACROECONOMICS FOR TODAY, Seventh Edition. A quick look at this engaging, dynamic text will show you why this is the book that is famous for helping readers at all levels of skill and preparation grasp and master economic principles. Written by an award-winning educator, recognized for his work in relating basic economic principles to global issues, Irvin Tucker's MACROECONOMICS FOR TODAY continues its unique textual and visual learning system. This edition concisely presents and reinforces core concepts, then immediately assesses student comprehension. You will find the latest economic information on federal deficits, the stimulus package, environmental issues, and other developments presented in an engaging, easy-to-follow format applicable to everyday life. MACROECONOMICS FOR TODAY, Seventh Edition, provides a full complement of instructor resources, including a handy Instructor's Resource CD, new PowerPoint? slides, optional CourseMate website, and complete array of videos.
Macroeconomics from the Bottom-up
by Saul Desiderio Edoardo Gaffeo Pasquale Cirillo Domenico Delli Gatti Mauro GallegatiThis book arose from our conviction that the NNS-DSGE approach to the analysis of aggregate market outcomes is fundamentally flawed. The practice of overcoming the SMD result by recurring to a fictitious RA leads to insurmountable methodological problems and lies at the root of DSGE models' failure to satisfactorily explain real world features, like exchange rate and banking crises, bubbles and herding in financial markets, swings in the sentiment of consumers and entrepreneurs, asymmetries and persistence in aggregate variables, and so on. At odds with this view, our critique rests on the premise that any modern macroeconomy should be modeled instead as a complex system of heterogeneous interacting individuals, acting adaptively and autonomously according to simple and empirically validated rules of thumb. We call our proposed approach Bottom-up Adaptive Macroeconomics (BAM). The reason why we claim that the contents of this book can be inscribed in the realm of macroeconomics is threefold: i) We are looking for a framework that helps us to think coherently about the interrelationships among two or more markets. In what follows, in particular, three markets will be considered: the markets for goods, labor and loanable funds. In this respect, real time matters: what happens in one market depends on what has happened, on what is happening, or on what will happen in other markets. This implies that intertemporal coordination issues cannot be ignored. ii) Eventually, it's all about prices and quantities. However, we are mostly interested in aggregate prices and quantities, that is indexes built from the dispersed outcomes of the decentralized transactions of a large population of heterogeneous individuals. Each individual acts purposefully, but she knows anything about the levels of prices and quantities which clear markets in the aggregate. iii) In the hope of being allowed to purport scientific claims, BAM relies on the assumption that individual purposeful behaviours aggregates into regularities. Macro behaviour, however, can depart radically from what the individual units are trying to accomplish. It is in this sense that aggregate outcomes emerge from individual actions and interactions.
Macroeconomics in Context: A European Perspective
by Jonathan Harris Neva Goodwin Julie A. Nelson Brian Roach Mariano TorrasMacroeconomics in Context lays out the principles of macroeconomics in a manner that is thorough, up to date, and relevant to students. Like its counterpart, Microeconomics in Context, the book is attuned to economic realities--and it has a bargain price. The in Context books offer affordability, engaging treatment of high-interest topics from sustainability to financial crisis and rising inequality, and clear, straightforward presentation of economic theory. Policy issues are presented in context--historical, institutional, social, political, and ethical--and always with reference to human well-being.
Macroeconomics in Context: A European Perspective
by Neva Goodwin Jonathan M. Harris Julie A. Nelson Brian Roach Mariano Torras Pratistha Joshi RajkarnikarMacroeconomics in Context lays out the principles of macroeconomics in a manner that is thorough, up to date, and relevant to students. Like its counterpart, Microeconomics in Context, the book is uniquely attuned to economic realities. The "in Context" books offer engaging coverage of current topics including financial crises, rising inequality, debt and deficits, and environmental sustainability, while also providing a clear and accessible exploration of economic theory and applications. The third edition features: Clear explanations of basic economic concepts alongside more in-depth analysis of macroeconomics models and economic activity Expanded coverage of topics including, inequality, financialization and debt issues, the changing nature of jobs, and sustainable development Thoroughly updated figures and data A full complement of online instructor and student support materials such as additional tables and data, PowerPoint slides and a study guide This engaging textbook offers students an excellent guide to macroeconomics. The latest addition to the "In Context" series, it combines real-world relevance with a thorough grounding in multiple economic paradigms.
Macroeconomics in Context: A European Perspective
by Neva Goodwin Jonathan M. Harris Julie A. Nelson Brian Roach Mariano Torras Sebastian Dullien<p>Macroeconomics in Context: A European Perspective lays out the principles of macroeconomics in a manner that is thorough, up to date, and relevant to students. With a clear presentation of economic theory throughout, this latest addition to the bestselling "In Context" set of textbooks is written with a specific focus on European data, institutions, and historical events, offering engaging treatment of high-interest topics, including sustainability, Brexit, the euro crisis, and rising inequality. Policy issues are presented in context (historical, institutional, social, political, and ethical), and always with reference to human well-being. This book is divided into four parts, covering the following key issues: <p> <li>The context of economic analysis, including basic macroeconomic statistics and tools; <li>The basics of macroeconomic measurements, including GDP, inflation, and unemployment, as well as alternative measures of well-being, and the particular structures of the European economies; <li>Methods for analyzing monetary and fiscal policy, including an in-depth coverage of the instruments and approaches of the European central bank and some coverage of an open economy; <li>The application of the tools learnt to selected macroeconomic issues, such as the euro crisis, the global financial crisis, public debt, global development, and environmental sustainability. </li> <p> <p>Far more than any other existing macroeconomic textbook, this book combines real-world relevance of the topics covered with a strong focus on European institutions and structures within an approach that explains multiple economic paradigms. This combination helps to raise students’ interest in macroeconomics as well as enhance their understanding of the power and limitation of macroeconomic analysis. Visit www.gdae.org/europeanmacro/ for online resources for both lecturers and students. </p>
Macroeconomics in Context: A European Perspective
by Neva Goodwin Jonathan M. Harris Julie A. Nelson Brian Roach Mariano Torras Pratistha Joshi RajkarnikarMacroeconomics in Context lays out the principles of macroeconomics in a manner that is thorough, up to date, and relevant to students. Like its counterpart, Microeconomics in Context, the book is uniquely attuned to economic, social, and environmental realities. The “In Context” books offer engaging coverage of current topics including policy responses to recession and inflation, inequality, deficits and government debt, economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the economics of environmental sustainability. This fourth edition includes: Improved and concise discussions of introductory topics, especially on key economic activities, macroeconomic goals, and economic models Further emphasis on inequality, environmental sustainability, financialization, the changing nature of work, and international developments such as the role of transnational corporations and supply chain issues Discussion of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on macroeconomic factors like well-being, inequality, and labor markets Presentation of policy issues in historical, environmental, institutional, social, political, and ethical contexts, including an updated discussion of fiscal policy in relation to the Biden administration’s infrastructure and social investment spending Clear explanations of basic economic concepts alongside more in-depth analysis of macroeconomics models and economic activity This book combines real-world relevance with a thorough grounding in multiple economic paradigms. It is the ideal textbook for modern introductory courses in macroeconomics. The book’s companion website is available at: http://www.bu.edu/eci/macro
Macroeconomics in Ecological Context
by Karl SeeleyNatural resources have been a recurring subject of public interest, from the environmental awakening in and the oil crises of the later 20th century, to wide swings in oil prices and increased concern about climate change in the first decades of the 21st century. Standard macroeconomics books treat resources in passing, in an ad hoc manner, if at all. This text integrates resources into the model from the ground up, allowing a more logically consistent understanding of the economic effects of changed resource availability. But the underlying structure remains mostly traditional: a full-employment perspective on the long run and a Keynesian approach to business-cycle fluctuations. This provides an easier adaptation for instructors and gives students the tools to understand economic analysis done in a more conventional framework. The business-cycle material starts with a "natural history" of money to help students see the connections between social and physical phenomena.
Macroeconomics in Emerging Markets
by Peter J. MontielThe macroeconomic experience of emerging and developing economies has tended to be quite different from that of industrial countries. Compared to industrial countries, emerging and developing economies have tended to be much more unstable, with more severe boom/bust cycles, episodes of high inflation and a variety of financial crises. This textbook describes how the standard macroeconomic models that are used in industrial countries can be modified to help understand this experience and how institutional and policy reforms in emerging and developing economies may affect their future macroeconomic performance. This second edition differs from the first in offering: extensive new material on themes such as fiscal institutions, inflation targeting, emergent market crises, and the Great Recession; numerous application boxes; end-of-chapter questions; references for each chapter; more diagrams, less taxonomy, and a more reader-friendly narrative; and enhanced integration of all parts of the work.
Macroeconomics in Modules
by Paul Krugman Robin WellsAdapted by Paul Krugman and Robin Wells from their bestselling macroeconomics textbook, Macroeconomics in Modules is the only text for the principles of macroeconomics course organized in the supremely accessible, highly effective modular format. Instead of chapters of standard length, the book covers the fundamentals of macroeconomics in 49 brief (4-10 page) modules divided into 14 sections. Macroeconomics in Modules offers the best of what makes Krugman/Wells a classroom favorite (story-telling approach, engaging writing, fascinating examples and cases), in a format students and instructors will love. Extensive educational research shows that students absorb more from shorter reading assignments than longer ones. And with coverage in self-contained modules, instructors can assign specific topics without asking students to read entire chapters.
Macroeconomics in Question: The Keynesian-Monetartist Orthodoxies and Kaleckian Alternative
by Malcolm C. SawyerOriginally published in 1982, this book has two central purposes. The first is to present a rather more critical view of the Keynesian and monetarist approaches to macro-economics than is usually found in major macro-economics text-books. The second is to present an alternative approach to macro-economics, derived in the main from the work of Michal Kalecki. It will become apparent below that the major difference between the conventional approaches to macro-economics and the Kaleckian one arises from a basic difference over the nature of a modern capitalist economy. The conventional approaches rest on a perfectly competitive view of the world whilst the Kalecki approach draws on an oligopolistic view. The book has been written to be accessible to undergraduate students of economics who have taken a basic second-year degree level course in macro-economics (as represented by text-books such as Branson, 1979; Gordon, 1981). Particularly in Chapters 2-4 a knowledge of conventional macro-economics is required. References are provided in the text and in footnotes for those wishing to pursue particular topics further. The book also contains much of interest for professional economists.
Macroeconomics in Times of Liquidity Crises: Searching for Economic Essentials
by Guillermo A. CalvoSince the subprime mortgage crisis that began in 2007, advanced economies have felt a nagging sense of insecurity. In parallel, the profession has witnessed phenomena that are alien to mainstream macroeconomic models. Financial crises are systemic, occurring simultaneously in different economies. In this book, Guillermo Calvo focuses on liquidity factors as a commonality in financial crises. Specifically, he examines the role of "liquidity crunch" in triggering crises. He also identifies a fundamental (but overlooked) idea in Keynes's General Theory, termed by Calvo the price theory of money, to rationalize the resiliency of the U.S. dollar when other dollar-backed assets suffered a devastating liquidity crunch.Calvo shows that a sharp focus on liquidity reveals some characteristics of liquid assets that are easy to miss otherwise. He argues for liquidity's centrality, presenting what he calls the Liquidity Approach. He shows that simple extensions of standard monetary models help rationalize the implications of the liquidity crunch, and then examines slightly more technical models that highlight liquidity issues. He explores the empirical effects of liquidity crunch by studying systemic sudden stops (of capital inflows), presuming that they are triggered by liquidity crunch-type phenomena.
Macroeconomics in Times of Liquidity Crises: Searching for Economic Essentials (Ohlin Lectures)
by Guillermo A. CalvoAn examination of Liquidity Crunch in triggering and characterizing financial crises.Since the subprime mortgage crisis that began in 2007, advanced economies have felt a nagging sense of insecurity. In parallel, the profession has witnessed phenomena that are alien to mainstream macroeconomic models. Financial crises are systemic, occurring simultaneously in different economies. In this book, Guillermo Calvo focuses on liquidity factors as a commonality in financial crises. Specifically, he examines the role of “liquidity crunch” in triggering crises. He also identifies a fundamental (but overlooked) idea in Keynes's General Theory, termed by Calvo the price theory of money, to rationalize the resiliency of the U.S. dollar when other dollar-backed assets suffered a devastating liquidity crunch.Calvo shows that a sharp focus on liquidity reveals some characteristics of liquid assets that are easy to miss otherwise. He argues for liquidity's centrality, presenting what he calls the Liquidity Approach. He shows that simple extensions of standard monetary models help rationalize the implications of the liquidity crunch, and then examines slightly more technical models that highlight liquidity issues. He explores the empirical effects of liquidity crunch by studying systemic sudden stops (of capital inflows), presuming that they are triggered by liquidity crunch-type phenomena.
Macroeconomics of Migration in New Member States
by Philip Schellekens Rudolfs BemsA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Macroeconomics without the Errors of Keynes: The Quantity Theory of Money, Saving, and Policy (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics)
by James C. AhiakporModern macroeconomics is in a stalemate, with seven schools of thought attempting to explain the workings of a monetary economy and to derive policies that promote economic growth with price-level stability. This book pinpoints as the source of this confusion errors made by Keynes in his reading of classical macroeconomics, in particular the classical Quantity Theory and the meaning of saving. It argues that if these misunderstandings are resolved, it will lead to economic policies consistent with promoting the employment and economic growth that Keynes was seeking. The book will be crucial reading for all scholars with an interest in the foundations of Keynes’s theories, and anyone seeking to understand current debates regarding macroeconomic policy-making.
Macroeconomics, 23rd Edition
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