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Multinationals in Latin America (International Business Series)
by Robert GrosseMultinational enterprises are particularly strong in Latin America and sensitive to political and economic changes there - the currently emerging debt crisis is likely to have far-ranging effects. This book considers multinationals in Latin America, both those from inside and those from outside the region, and discusses the major issues relating to them, e.g. trans-national regulation and the government/business relationships. It sets the discussions against the background of other work and theories of multinational enterprise. Novel features include the development of the author's bargaining theory of multinational enterprise and the attempt to create a systematic method for evaluating MNE acceptability for host governments (an important consideration since the relationship between multinationals and governments, particularly the way a government perceives a multinational, is crucial). The book concludes by assessing current trends and likely future developments.
Multinationals, Globalisation and Indigenous Firms in China (Routledge Studies on the Chinese Economy)
by Chunhang LiuThis book considers the impact of multinational companies in China on the Chinese economy and on indigenous firms in China. It shows how the global business environment has undergone profound changes since the early 1990s, leading to an explosion of merger and acquisitions activity and consequent unprecedented degrees of concentration in many industries at a global level. It discusses the effects of these developments on the Chinese economy – both on multinationals and indigenous firms – analysing company strategies, activities and value chain structures. It shows that, as China’s integration into the global economy increases, new, globalised value chain structures are becoming the established norm across the Chinese economy. In particular, it explores the effects of these developments for local Chinese firms, where the strategy of "catch-up" has recently been a primary goal, demonstrating how difficult it is for Chinese firms to achieve "catch-up" when the competitors they are chasing are themselves moving forward and evolving so fast. The book includes detailed case studies of Boeing, Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola, considering their activities both at the global level and within China, and case studies of the sectors in which these forms operate in China. The book’s profoundly important conclusions concerning the impact of multinationals on the local economy and on indigenous firms are applicable to other developing economies as well as to China.
Multinationals, Governments and International Technology Transfer (Routledge Library Editions: International Business)
by A. E. Safarian Gilles Y. BertinThis book examines the international technology transfer process and the role of both multinationals and host-country governments in that process, with emphasis on the experience of the more developed countries. It explores a range of issues and presents much original thinking and research findings. It discusses in particular the strategies of the multinationals, assessing how far they are willing to accept technology transfer to external partners (as opposed to subsidiaries which they can control). It also examines how far technical transfers are successful from the viewpoint of the firm and countries involved, arguing that governments are most likely to succeed in attracting multinational transfers if they are aware of and accommodate to some degree multinationals’ preferences.
Multinationals, Subsidiaries and National Business Systems: The Nickel Industry and Falconbridge Nikkelverk (Studies in Business History)
by Pal Thonstad SandvikScholarly attention has tended to focus on the owners and management of the multinationals, but when the focus is changed to that of subsidiaries, different aspects of business development and international capitalism come to light. Sandvik’s study looks at the Falconbridge nickel refinery in Kristiansand, Norway.
Multinationals, Technology & Competitiveness (Routledge Library Editions: International Business)
by John H DunningThis book explores some aspects of the interface between technology, competitiveness and the role of multinational enterprises in the world economy. This group of essays stresses the role of asset creation and usage, rather than reliance on natural factor endowments as a basis for national competitiveness and examines the role of multinational enterprises as vehicles for technological transfer, and the efficient co-ordination of economic activity across national boundaries.
Multinationals: The Swedish Case (Routledge Library Editions: International Business)
by Jan-Erik Vahlne Erik HornellThis book considers the question of the impact of multinationals on Sweden. Based on extensive original research the book examines the benefits and drawbacks of multinationals for Sweden. It relates the Swedish case of multinationals to theories of multinational enterprise and to theories of industrial change. It reviews the extensive debate within Sweden on the question and discusses the policy options available to Sweden. It argues that the mix within a multinational and the spatial distribution (either at home or abroad) of production, research and development, marketing and central functions is important in determining whether a multinational has a beneficial or adverse effect on a country like Sweden. As a small open economy which is considerably affected by movements in international trade Sweden provides the rest of the world with a unique example of the impact of multinational enterprises in terms of both outward and inward foreign direct investment.
Multiobjective Linear and Integer Programming
by Carlos Henggeler Antunes Maria João Alves João ClímacoThisbook opens the door to multiobjective optimization for students in fields suchas engineering, management, economics and applied mathematics. It offers acomprehensive introduction to multiobjective optimization, with a primaryemphasis on multiobjective linear programming and multiobjective integer/mixedinteger programming. A didactic book, it is mainly intended for undergraduateand graduate students, but can also be useful for researchers andpractitioners. Further, it is accompanied by an interactive software package -developed by the authors for Windows platforms - which can be used for teachingand decision-making support purposes in multiobjective linear programmingproblems. Thus, besides the textbook's coverage of the essential concepts,theory and methods, complemented with illustrative examples and exercises, thecomputational tool enables students to experiment and enhance their technicalskills, as well as to capture the essential characteristics of real-worldproblems.
Multiparty and Linked Contracts, Transport Logistics and the Uniform Transport Law: Legal Solutions for Co-operation in Cargo Bundling (Contemporary Commercial Law)
by Marta K. KołaczThis book introduces legal aspects of business networks in logistics with the example of shippers’ co-operation in cargo bundling, which is the practice of manufacturing and distributing companies (shippers) consolidating cargo before the engagement of a carrier. Shippers agree to co-operate and to detect cargo matching opportunities before shipment. As a result, shippers can organize joint transportation, yielding significant efficiency gains in both logistics and sustainability terms. However, the current legal framework is not adapted to co-operation in cargo-bundling.This book not only clarifies the operation of laws (with the special focus on international uniform transport laws) but also provides legal solutions facilitating legal certainty in co-operation. It is the first comprehensive book on the legal aspects of shippers’ co-operation in logistics, particularly liability issues in multiparty contracts, network contracts, and long-term contracts in the international carriage of goods domain. It is also the first providing an interpretative framework for transport conventions considering new business models and new technologies. Proposals are made for solutions at regulatory levels but also for contracts, which are especially important because contractual solutions can facilitate shippers to enter co-operation and help transport orchestrators operating through online platforms to prepare standard terms and conditions. The comparative part of the text features three jurisdictions (Poland, Germany, and England), which offer readers an insight into how multiparty context in the carriage of goods operates at the crossroads of national laws and international transport conventions.This book is written for interested legal practitioners, policymakers, lobbying bodies, industry professionals (logistics, management of selling, and producing companies), and scholars. It will also broadly appeal to those dealing with sustainable logistics and concepts such as sharing economy in logistics.
Multiple Account Benefit-Cost Analysis
by Marvin ShafferMost commonly used in economic and public policy decisions, benefit-cost analysis traditionally attempts to calculate a bottom line by assigning monetary values to all factors associated with a proposed project or action. By contrast, multiple account benefit-cost analysis recognizes that all values are complex and that not all consequences can be expressed in monetary terms or incorporated into one summary measure of net benefit.In this textbook, designed for practitioners as well as for intermediate or advanced students, Marvin Shaffer illustrates how the basic principles and concepts of a benefit-cost analysis can be applied in a multiple account framework, in the process developing a systematic approach to the evaluation of project and policy alternatives. Though retaining the basic principles of benefit-cost analysis, Shaffer focuses more on identifying the advantages and disadvantages of key project alternatives and assessing their necessary trade-offs in order to better inform public policy debates.
Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications
by Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng Jih-Jeng HuangDecision makers are often faced with several conflicting alternatives. How do they evaluate trade-offs when there are more than three criteria? To help people make optimal decisions, scholars in the discipline of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) continue to develop new methods for structuring preferences and determining the correct relative
Multiple Case Study Analysis
by Robert E. StakeExamining situational complexity is a vital part of social and behavioral science research. This engaging text provides an effective process for studying multiple cases--such as sets of teachers, staff development sessions, or clinics operating in different locations--within one complex program. The process also can be used to investigate broadly occurring phenomena without programmatic links, such as leadership or sibling rivalry. Readers learn to design, analyze, and report studies that balance common issues across the group of cases with the unique features and context of each case. Three actual case reports from a transnational early childhood program illustrate the author's approach, and helpful reproducible worksheets facilitate multicase recording and analysis.
Multiple Criteria Decision Aid: Methods, Examples and Python Implementations (Springer Optimization and Its Applications #136)
by Jason Papathanasiou Nikolaos PloskasMultiple criteria decision aid (MCDA) methods are illustrated in this book through theoretical and computational techniques utilizing Python. Existing methods are presented in detail with a step by step learning approach. Theoretical background is given for TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE, SIR, AHP, goal programming, and their variations. Comprehensive numerical examples are also discussed for each method in conjunction with easy to follow Python code. Extensions to multiple criteria decision making algorithms such as fuzzy number theory and group decision making are introduced and implemented through Python as well. Readers will learn how to implement and use each method based on the problem, the available data, the stakeholders involved, and the various requirements needed. Focusing on the practical aspects of the multiple criteria decision making methodologies, this book is designed for researchers, practitioners and advanced graduate students in the applied mathematics, information systems, operations research and business administration disciplines, as well as other engineers and scientists oriented in interdisciplinary research. Readers will greatly benefit from this book by learning and applying various MCDM/A methods. (Adiel Teixeira de Almeida, CDSID-Center for Decision System and Information Development, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil) Promoting the development and application of multicriteria decision aid is essential to ensure more ethical and sustainable decisions. This book is a great contribution to this objective. It is a perfect blend of theory and practice, providing potential users and researchers with the theoretical bases of some of the best-known methods as well as with the computing tools needed to practice, to compare and to put these methods to use. (Jean-Pierre Brans, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium) This book is intended for researchers, practitioners and students alike in decision support who wish to familiarize themselves quickly and efficiently with multicriteria decision aiding algorithms. The proposed approach is original, as it presents a selection of methods from the theory to the practical implementation in Python, including a detailed example. This will certainly facilitate the learning of these techniques, and contribute to their effective dissemination in applications. (Patrick Meyer, IMT Atlantique, Lab-STICC, Univ. Bretagne Loire, Brest, France)
Multiple Criteria Decision Making Applications in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery
by Surendra M. Gupta Mehmet Ali IlginIn order to ensure environmentally responsible production and disposal of products, local governments are imposing stricter environmental regulations, some of which even require manufacturers to take back their products at the end of the product's useful life. These government regulations, together with increasing environmental awareness, have forced manufacturers to invest in environment-conscious manufacturing. The multiple Criteria Decision Making Techniques presented in this book can be employed to solve the problems of environment-conscious manufacturers in product design, logistics, disassembly and remanufacturing.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making Methods with Multi-polar Fuzzy Information: Algorithms and Applications (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #430)
by Muhammad Akram Arooj AdeelThis book presents an extension of fuzzy set theory allowing for multi-polar information, discussing its impact on the theoretical and practical development of multi-criteria decision making. It reports on set of hybrid models developed by the authors, and show how they can be adapted, case by case, to the lack of certainty under a variety of criteria. Among them, hybrid models combining m-polar fuzzy sets with rough, soft and 2-tuple linguistic sets, and m-polar hesitant fuzzy sets and hesitant m-polar fuzzy are presented, together with some significant applications. In turn, outranking decision-making techniques such as m-polar fuzzy ELECTRE I, II, III and IV methods, as well as m-polar fuzzy PROMETHEE I and II methods, are developed. The efficiency of these decision-making procedures, as well as other possible extensions studied by the authors, is shown in some real-world applications. Overall, this book offers a guide on methodologies to deal with the multi-polarity and fuzziness of the real-world problems, simultaneously. By including algorithms and computer programming codes, it provides a practice-oriented reference guide to both researchers and professionals working at the interface between computational intelligence and decision making.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making for Sustainable Development: Pursuing Economic Growth, Environmental Protection and Social Cohesion (Multiple Criteria Decision Making)
by Constantin Zopounidis Michalis Doumpos Fernando A. F. FerreiraThis book presents a rich collection of studies on the analysis of sustainable development from a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) perspective, written by some of the most prominent authors in the field of MCDM/A. The book constitutes a unique international reference guide to the analysis, measurement, and management of sustainability in a multidimensional decision analysis context. Chiefly intended for academics and policymakers, it reflects some of the latest methodological advances in decision-making, which are illustrated in real-life applications to sustainability-related topics in both the private and public sector.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making for Sustainable Energy and Transportation Systems
by Theodor Stewart Jyrki Wallenius Boris Naujoks Matthias EhrgottIn the twenty-first century the sustainability of energy and transportation systems is on the top of the political agenda in many countries around the world. Environmental impacts of human economic activity necessitate the consideration of conflicting goals in decision making processes to develop sustainable systems. Any sustainable development has to reconcile conflicting economic and environmental objectives and criteria. The science of multiple criteria decision making has a lot to offer in addressing this need. Decision making with multiple (conflicting) criteria is the topic of research that is at the heart of the International Society of Multiple Criteria Decision Making. This book is based on selected papers presented at the societies 19th International Conference, held at The University of Auckland, New Zealand, from 7th to 12th January 2008 under the theme "MCDM for Sustainable Energy and Transportation Systems''.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making in Finance, Insurance and Investment
by Minwir Al-Shammari Hatem MasriThis book is devoted to recent developments and applications of multiple criteria decision aid tools in the field of finance, insurance and investment. It illustrates recent methods and procedures designed to solve problems related to finance, insurance and portfolio selection formulated through a mathematical programming framework and for which a large number of conflicting and incommensurable objectives (criteria, attributes) is simultaneously optimized. The book introduces researchers and practitioners to recent theoretical and methodological developments in multi-attributes portfolio selection, multiple criteria analysis in finance, insurance and investment. It is based on selected and invited papers presented and discussed at the 2013 International Conference on Multidimensional Finance, Insurance and Investment (ICMFII'13), held at the College of Business Administration at the University of Bahrain from 25th to 27th November 2013 with the co-sponsorship of the International Society on Multiple Criteria Decision Making and the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences - MCDM section.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making in Supply Chain Management (Operations Research Series)
by A. Ravi RavindranSupply chain management decisions are made under the conflicting criteria of maximizing profit and customer responsiveness while minimizing supply chain risk. Multiple Criteria Decision Making in Supply Chain Management provides a comprehensive overview of multi-criteria optimization models and methods that can be used in supply chain decision making.Presenting the contributions of internationally known authors, researchers, educators, and practitioners, this new book in the Operations Research Series provides readers with a single source guide to recent developments in this area. The focus of the book is on the design and operation of the supply chain system, which involves connecting many production and distribution systems, often across wide geographic distances, in such a way that the businesses involved can ultimately satisfy the consumer demand as efficiently as possible, resulting in maximum financial returns to those businesses connected to that supply chain system. The book includes several case studies on the design and operation of supply chain networks in manufacturing and healthcare.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making with Fuzzy Sets: MS Excel® and Other Software Solutions (Multiple Criteria Decision Making)
by Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber Babek ErdebilliUsing numerical examples to illustrate their concepts and results, this book examines recently developed fuzzy multi-criteria methods, such as Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS, Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS & DEA-AHP, Intuitionistic VIKOR, Pythagorean WASPAS, Pythagorean ENTROPI, Hesitant CBD, Hesitant MABAC, Triangular EDAS, Triangular PROMETHEE, q-Rung Orthopair COPRAS, and Fuzzy Type – 2 ELECTRE. Each chapter covers practical applications in addition to fresh developments and results. Given its structure and scope, the book can be used as a textbook in graduate courses on operations research and industrial engineering. It also offers a valuable resource for scientists working in a range of disciplines that require multi-criteria decision making.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Beyond the Information Age (Contributions to Management Science)
by Özgür Kabak Y. Ilker Topcu Özay Özaydın Şule Önsel EkiciData and its processed state 'information' have become an indispensable resource for virtually all aspects of business, education, etc. Consequently, decisions regarding the handling of this data, transforming it into meaningful information, and ultimately arriving at the best course of action have taken on a new importance. This book highlights a selection of cutting-edge research on decision making presented at the 25th International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM 2019), held in Istanbul, Turkey.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Techniques, Analysis and Applications (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #407)
by Anand J. KulkarniThe book discusses state-of-the-art applications and methodologies of the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques and approaches. The book focuses on critical literature, underlying principles of methods and models, solution approaches, testing and validation, real-world applications, case studies, etc. The book helps evaluate strategic decision-making through advanced MCDM and integrated approaches of AI, big data, and IoT to provide realistic and robust solutions to the current problems. The book will be a guideline to the potential MCDM researchers about the choice of approaches for dealing with the complexities and modalities. The contributions of the book help readers to explore new avenues leading towards multidisciplinary research discussions. This book will be interesting for engineers, scientists, and students studying/working in the related areas.
Multiple Decrement Models in Insurance: An Introduction Using R
by Shailaja Rajendra DeshmukhThe book will serve as a guide to many actuarial concepts and statistical techniques in multiple decrement models and their application in calculation of premiums and reserves in life insurance products with riders and in pension and employee benefit plans as in these schemes, the benefit paid on termination of employment depends upon the several causes of termination. Multiple state models are discussed to accommodate the insurance products in which the payment of benefits or premiums is dependent on being in a given state or moving between a given pair of states at a given time, for example, disability income insurance model. The book also discusses stochastic models for interest rates and calculation of premiums for some products in this set up. The highlight of the book is usage of R software, freely available from public domain, for computations of various monetary functions involved in insurance business. R commands are given for all the computations.
Multiple Helix Ecosystems for Sustainable Competitiveness
by Marta Peris-Ortiz João J. Ferreira Luís Farinha Nuno O. FernandesThis book discusses the main issues, challenges, opportunities, andtrends involving the interactions between academia, industry, government and society. Specifically, it aims to explore how these interactions enhance the ways inwhich companies deliver products and services in order to achieve sustainablecompetitiveness in the marketplace. Sustainable competitiveness has been widely discussed by academics andpractitioners, considering the importance of protecting the environment whilesustaining the economic goals of organizations. The Quintuple Helix innovation modelis a framework for facilitating knowledge, innovation and sustainablecompetitive advantage. It embeds the Triple and the Quadruple Helix models byadding a fifth helix, the "natural environment. " The Triple Helix model focuseson the university-industry-government triad, while the Quadruple adds civilsociety (the media- and culture-driven public) as a fourth helix. The Quintuple Helix model facilitates research, public policy, andpractical application of sustainable competitiveness principles. Applying themost recent developments and theoretical insights of this model, thecontributors to this volume address such questions as: how do government,academia, industry and civil society actors interact for promoting sustainablecompetitiveness at the country (regional) level? How do these actors influencesustainable operations management at the company (business) level? In so doing,they shed new light on the dynamics of economic growth, sustainability andcompetitiveness.
Multiple Interest Rate Analysis: Th Eory And Applications
by Michael J. OsborneThis book is an analysis of all possible interest rates. Dual expressions are used to solve long-standing puzzles, eliminate anomalies and draw conclusions about best practice and sound policy advice in areas of economics and finance. Topics include retail and corporate finance, capital budgeting and investment appraisal, bond risk management.
Multiple Job Offers in 10 Days!: A Road Map to Finding a Great Job, Whether It's Your 1st or 21st
by Jonathan PriceMultiple Job Offers in 10 Days will show you how to generate outrageous interest in you! Why hasn't anyone told you this before? Because it is hard! Written in plain English and peppered with interesting anecdotes, this book offers a completely unique approach to the entire job-search process.