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Orientation to the Public Image Assessment Exercise
by Robin J. ElyThe Public Image Assessment exercise acquaints students with the ideal images they hold of themselves, the actions they engage in to convey these images, and the benefits and costs of these behaviors to themselves and to others. Social psychologists call this process impression management. Although managing others' impressions of us is a natural part of life--and there are good, pragmatic reasons for being concerned with the images we present to others--problems arise when people are driven by concerns about others' assessments of them. When the goal of validating one's image becomes more important than others, the task, or a group's mission, it becomes difficult to learn, take risks, and experiment.
Orientation to the Subarctic Survival Situation
by Linda A. Hill Katherine S. WeberAn orientation to the "Subartic Survival Situation" (designed by and available from Human Synergistics, Inc., Plymouth, MI, tel. 313-459-1030), an experiental exercise that gives students an opportunity to learn about their personal influence style and their effectiveness as a team leader or member. As a simulation, the exercise provides conditions analogous to those managers face every day: They must make critical decisions from incomplete and often ambiguous information and must live with imperfect solutions; the problem is urgent and they have to cope with the stresses and emotions associated with working under pressure; they will have to work with others to solve a common problem (in this regard, this exercise perhaps simulates most closely a newly instituted cross-functional task force). Outlines the rationale for the exercise and gives a brief overview of how the simulation will unfold.
Orienteering Problems: Models and Algorithms for Vehicle Routing Problems with Profits (EURO Advanced Tutorials on Operational Research)
by Pieter Vansteenwegen Aldy GunawanThis tutorial introduces readers to several variants of routing problems with profits. In these routing problems each node has a certain profit, and not all nodes need to be visited. Since the orienteering problem (OP) is by far the most frequently studied problem in this category of routing problems, the book mainly focuses on the OP. In turn, other problems are presented as variants of the OP, focusing on the similarities and differences. The goal of the OP is to determine a subset of nodes to visit and in which order, so that the total collected profit is maximized and a given time budget is not exceeded.The book provides a comprehensive review of variants of the OP, such as the team OP, the team OP with time windows, the profitable tour problem, and the prize-collecting travelling salesperson problem. In addition, it presents mathematical models and techniques for solving these OP variants and discusses their complexity. Several simple examples and benchmark instances, together with their best-known results, are also included. Finally, the book reviews the latest applications of these problems in the fields of logistics, tourism and others.
Origin Management: Rules of Origin in Free Trade Agreements
by Ruud Tusveld Anne van de HeetkampOrigin Management describes a holistic approach that allows internationally operating companies to benefit from reduced import duty rates within Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). Through the creation of a single, auditable, and global platform, companies are enabled to successfully claim preferential origin and sustain, review and audit preferential treatment claims. Seeking to provide a comprehensive treatment of origin management for a professional audience, this book outlines the underlying theoretical concepts and legislative frameworks, and presents practical implications and guidelines for a successful origin management program as part of a strategic sourcing initiative. The authors advocate an approach that involves sharing and distributing information and resources throughout the company and the supply chain, resulting in competitive advantages, synergies, and a central information point for all origin associated issues.
Original Brand Manufacturing Business Model
by Young Won Park Geon-Cheol Shin Kyung-Soo LeeThis book aims to examine the transition of firms from original equipment manufacturing (OEM) and original design manufacturing (ODM) to original brand manufacturing (OBM), focusing on how businesses can evolve to capture greater value in global markets. It highlights the importance of digital technologies like IoT, big data, and AI in reshaping traditional business models, driving innovation, and enabling firms to move from cost-efficient manufacturing to building consumer-centric brands. The book provides insights into the challenges of this transformation, including structural barriers, market competition, and the need for significant investments in resources, innovation, and leadership. The book is divided into four sections. The first explores the historical evolution of OEM, ODM, and OBM business models and their transformation in the digital era. The second outlines key strategies for transitioning to OBM, covering global positioning, R&D, marketing, production, and supply chain management. It emphasizes the importance of design management, branding, and leveraging partnerships to achieve long-term competitiveness. The third section delves into sustainability and the circular economy, showcasing how OBM firms can integrate eco-friendly practices into their operations to enhance value and address growing consumer demand for sustainability. The final section provides an outlook on the future of OBM, with strategic pathways and policy recommendations to foster OBM business models. A deep case study in the cosmetics industry offers practical examples of successful transitions to OBM, illustrating diverse approaches and best practices. The book also introduces frameworks and tools for firms to assess and enhance their capabilities, providing actionable strategies for business leaders and policymakers. By addressing the complexities of moving up the value chain, this book serves as a roadmap for firms aiming to establish themselves as global leaders in innovation, branding, and sustainability.
Original Sin and Procylical Fiscal Policy: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
by Gustavo AdlerA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World
by Sheryl Sandberg Adam Grant<P>With Give and Take, Adam Grant not only introduced a landmark new paradigm for success but also established himself as one of his generation’s most compelling and provocative thought leaders. In Originals he again addresses the challenge of improving the world, but now from the perspective of becoming original: choosing to champion novel ideas and values that go against the grain, battle conformity, and buck outdated traditions. How can we originate new ideas, policies, and practices without risking it all? <P>Using surprising studies and stories spanning business, politics, sports, and entertainment, Grant explores how to recognize a good idea, speak up without getting silenced, build a coalition of allies, choose the right time to act, and manage fear and doubt; how parents and teachers can nurture originality in children; and how leaders can build cultures that welcome dissent. <P>Learn from an entrepreneur who pitches his start-ups by highlighting the reasons not to invest, a woman at Apple who challenged Steve Jobs from three levels below, an analyst who overturned the rule of secrecy at the CIA, a billionaire financial wizard who fires employees for failing to criticize him, and a TV executive who didn’t even work in comedy but saved Seinfeld from the cutting-room floor. The payoff is a set of groundbreaking insights about rejecting conformity and improving the status quo. <P><b>A New York Times Bestseller</b>
Originate, Motivate, Innovate: 7 Steps for Building a Billion Dollar Network
by Shelly Omilade BellSupercharge your business or career by staying true to your authentic self In Originate, Motivate, Innovate: 7 Steps to Building a Billion Dollar Network, accomplished entrepreneur Shelly Omilâdé Bell and author Sheena C. Howard deliver an honest and engaging discussion of how to think differently about getting your business funded as a female entrepreneur of color. In the book, you’ll find the mindsets, tools, tactics, and strategies you need to succeed in a venture capital environment that is largely designed by—and for—white males. You’ll learn how to apply your own unique story and background and prioritize valuable relationships to create your own pathway to a fully funded business. You’ll also discover: An acknowledgment and highlighting of those obstacles that remain in place and stand in the way of women of color in business How to break through those obstacles while doing things your own way Strategies for achieving your next goal, whether that’s building a business, creating social impact, or looking for a raise An essential and insightful resource for entrepreneurs, founders, and other business leaders of color, Originate, Motivate, Innovate is the no-nonsense, hands-on book that professional women of color have been waiting for.
Origins Of The Crash: The Great Bubble And Its Undoing
by Roger LowensteinWith his singular gift for turning complex financial events into eminently readable stories, Roger Lowenstein lays bare the labyrinthine events of the manic and tumultuous 1990s. In an enthralling narrative, he ties together all of the characters of the dot-com bubble and offers a unique portrait of the culture of the era. Just as John Kenneth Galbraith's The Great Crash was a defining text of the Great Depression, Lowenstein's Origins of the Crash is destined to be the book that will frame our understanding of the 1990s.
Origins and Change of the Social Market Economy: History and Theoretical Foundations (The European Heritage in Economics and the Social Sciences #26)
by Günther Chaloupek Hans A. Frambach Jürgen G. BackhausThis edited volume addresses the theoretical and historical foundations of the German Social Market Economy. Written to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the establishment of the Social Market Economy, chapter contributions discuss the ideas of its theoretical founders—Walter Eucken, Alfred Müller-Armack, Wilhelm Röpke, and Franz Böhm--as well as related influences such as Ordoliberalism, the historical school of economics, and the Catholic social doctrine. In addition, chapters analyze differences and parallels to alternative policy concepts, in particular Keynesianism. Finally, the volume turns toward contemporary discussions of the Social Market Economy in the present political and economic context, specifically its ability to cope with current challenges. Providing rich context for the establishment of Germany’s contemporary economic system, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students of political, social and economic systems, the history of economic thought, and political history.
Origins of Colonialism: Why Geography Mattered (Elements in Economic History)
by Tirthankar RoyHistorians explain the eighteenth-century origin of European colonialism in Asia either with the profile of the merchants or an argument about uneven power. This Element suggests that the environment was an important factor, too. With India (1600-1800) as the primary example, it says that the tropical monsoon climatic condition, extreme seasonality, and low land yield made the land-tax-based empires weak from within. The seaboard supplied a more benign environment. Sometime in the eighteenth century, a transformation began as the seaside traded more, generated complementary services, and encouraged the in-migration of capital and skills to supply these services. The birth of a new state from this base depended, however, on building connections inland, which was still a dangerous and uncertain enterprise. European merchants were an enabling force in doing this. But we cannot understand the process without close attention to geography.
Origins of Ownership: A Brief History of Land Ownership and Tenure from Earliest Time to the Modern Era (Routledge Library Editions: Agribusiness and Land Use #4)
by D. R. DenmanThe English systems of land tenure have influenced land-holding far beyond Britain. Freehold, for example, a common-place in many places, has its origin in the feudal tenure of Anglo-Norman England. Much has been written about the origins of English land ownership but the contributions are hidden. This book, originally published in 1958 draws together legal, economic and social historical themes, introducing the reader to the authoritative texts of the many aspects of the subject up until the 16th Century.
Origins of Shareholder Advocacy
by Jonathan Gs KoppellThis volume deals with issues of widespread interest including, the origins of investor rights in different markets, the political, legal and economic conditions that determine levels of shareholder participation, and the implications of variation in investor rights.
Origins of Terrorism: The Rise of the World’s Most Formidable Terrorist Groups
by Godfrey Garner Maeghin Alarid-HughesOrigins of Terrorism: The Rise of the World’s Most Formidable Terrorist Groups examines the roots of Islamic terrorism, it’s history, and some of the foundational figures in prominent terrorist organizations. Throughout, the book also addresses the use of terrorism, the "hows" and "whys" of terrorists’ goals, and their modus operandi. Historically, insurgency operations have formed the basis of a number of terrorist groups—resistance to western powers, particularly the United States, and what is viewed as their unwanted interference in regional affairs. Sections are devoted to individual terror organizations, including some of the most well-known and resilient global movements—Al Qaeda, ISIS, the Taliban, and Boko Haram, among others. Coverage details where and how they originated, who the principal organizers were, how these individuals worked—or didn’t work—together. In this, the authors look at the circumstances that allowed for these leaders, and their groups’, development and success. In this, the authors expose interesting, little-known stories and facts about the specific upbringing, family life, and personal narrative around these organizations’ founders, as well as ties to other terrorist founders and organizations. For example, the relationship between individuals such as Osama bin Laden and Musab al Zarkawi (aka Ahmad al-Khalayleh)—the founder of ‘Al Qaeda in Iraq’ (AQI), which became ISIS—is examined in detail, providing readers with some of the "stories behind the stories" to understand the prominent figures and underpinnings of major terrorist organizations’ philosophies, formation, and elements that have led to their staying power. Origins of Terrorism will be a valuable resource for security and intelligence professionals, terrorism researchers, and students, providing a unique perspective to understand terrorism and terror movements in considering counterterror efforts.
Origins of Terrorism: The Rise of the World’s Most Formidable Terrorist Groups
by Godfrey Garner Maeghin Alarid-HughesOrigins of Terrorism: The Rise of the World’s Most Formidable Terrorist Groups examines the roots of Islamic terrorism, it’s history, and some of the foundational figures in prominent terrorist organizations. Throughout, the book also addresses the use of terrorism, the "hows" and "whys" of terrorists’ goals, and their modus operandi.Historically, insurgency operations have formed the basis of a number of terrorist groups—resistance to western powers, particularly the United States, and what is viewed as their unwanted interference in regional affairs. Sections are devoted to individual terror organizations, including some of the most well-known and resilient global movements—Al Qaeda, ISIS, the Taliban, and Boko Haram, among others. Coverage details where and how they originated, who the principal organizers were, how these individuals worked—or didn’t work—together. In this, the authors look at the circumstances that allowed for these leaders, and their groups’, development and success. In this, the authors expose interesting, little-known stories and facts about the specific upbringing, family life, and personal narrative around these organizations’ founders, as well as ties to other terrorist founders and organizations. For example, the relationship between individuals such as Osama bin Laden and Musab al Zarkawi (aka Ahmad al-Khalayleh)—the founder of ‘Al Qaeda in Iraq’ (AQI), which became ISIS—is examined in detail, providing readers with some of the "stories behind the stories" to understand the prominent figures and underpinnings of major terrorist organizations’ philosophies, formation, and elements that have led to their staying power.Origins of Terrorism will be a valuable resource for security and intelligence professionals, terrorism researchers, and students, providing a unique perspective to understand terrorism and terror movements in considering counterterror efforts.
Origins of the German Welfare State
by Michael StolleisThis book traces the origins of the German welfare state. The author, formerly director at the Max-Planck-Institute for European Legal History, Frankfurt, provides a perceptive overview of the history of social security and social welfare in Germany from early modern times to the end of World War II, including Bismarck's pioneering introduction of social insurance in the 1880s. The author unravels "layers" of social security that have piled up in the course of history and, so he argues, still linger in the present-day welfare state. The account begins with the first efforts by public authorities to regulate poverty and then proceeds to the "social question" that arose during the 19th-century Industrial Revolution. World War I had a major impact on the development of social security, both during the war and after, through the exigencies of the war economy, inflation and unemployment. The ruptures as well as the continuities of social policy under National Socialism and World War II are also investigated.
Origins of the War in the East (Routledge Library Editions: Japan)
by Aron ShaiThis study describes the British government’s policy towards China during the first phases of the undeclared Sino-Japanese war, starting in July 1937 when the conflict in North China culminated in all-out hostilities; and ending in September 1939 when the outbreak of the war over Poland forced the British government to turn almost all its attention to Europe. The dilemmas confronting British policy-makers in the Far East are analysed together with the implementation of their subsequent solutions. Attention is focused on the question of British interests in China and on the decisive factors and considerations which determined British policy and Britain’s role in the Sino-Japanese war. Questions concerning the safety of the British subjects and the commercial community in China and their influence on the decision making process, the attitude towards Soviet influence in China and prospects of Communist take-over are also discussed. In the final analysis the book examines the widely debated subject of appeasement in its Asian context. It is argued that Britain pursued a policy towards Japan which gained strength without producing a Far Eastern Munich
Origins, Traditions, and Trends of Organizational Communication: A Comprehensive Introduction to the Field
by Anne M. NicoteraThe second edition of Origins, Traditions, and Trends of Organizational Communication provides an updated overview of organizational communication, assessing the field to date and demonstrating a communicational approach to the study of organization.Tracing the field’s history and development to the present, this edition is framed by the recent anti-racist decolonial turn in the field, offering a set of conceptual structures and vocabularies to facilitate appreciation of the field’s literature grounded in an understanding of its biases. It again provides students with background knowledge of foundational management theories in order to understand their influence on our thinking and our organizational world. Literature reviews on focused topics, written by experts, link organizational communication theory and research to practice.This edition is an ideal text for graduate courses in organizational communication and communication history.Online support materials for instructors include an instructor’s manual with key discussion questions and suggested activities. Access the support materials at www.routledge.com/9781032775388.
Orit Gadiesh: Pride at Bain & Co. (A)
by Jay Conger Nancy RothbardDescribes the events surrounding Bain & Co.'s financial and organizational struggles between 1988 and 1991. Focuses on the role of Orit Gadiesh, then vice chairman of Bain & Co., in leading the effort to restructure the company and restore company pride.
Orkestra - Basque Institute of Competitiveness
by Michael E. Porter Christian H.M. Ketels Jesus M ValdalisoCase
Orlando Ayala: El colombiano que le hablaba al oído a Bill Gates
by Julio César GuzmánLa asombrosa historia del colombiano que llegó a trabajar hombro a hombro con Bill Gates. Orlando Ayala fue durante más de dos décadas pieza fundamental de Microsoft, tuvo cerca de 40.000 personas a su cargo en decenas de países y respondía por un presupuesto equivalente a la mitad del que controla el Gobierno de Colombia. Con un compromiso ético y humanitario, trabajó hombro a hombro con Bill Gates, a quien además aconsejó durante crisis y momentos coyunturales atravesados por el gigante tecnológico. Julio César Guzmán, autor de este libro, le siguió la pista a Ayala durante más de veinte años, y después de decenas de conversaciones personales, telefónicas, por Skype y de WhatsApp, logró reconstruir la vida de un hombre que brilló en lo más alto del mundo corporativo y que ahora nos deja miles de lecciones. Estas páginas constatan la magnitud de un colombiano difícil de igualar. "Muchas veces tuvimos que tomar decisiones estratégicas y enfrentamos retos con el Departamento de Justicia, y Orlando siempre fue una voz que decía: '¡Vamos a hacerlo, hagamos lo correcto para nuestros clientes!'. Con frecuencia, asumió tareas especiales que llevaron a la compañía a aprender nuevas destrezas. Él ha hecho contribuciones en muchas áreas [...]. He emprendido muchos viajes con Orlando; en algunos terminábamos exhaustos, con una agenda pesada. Nos divertimos recorriendo América Latina". Bill Gates, fundador de Microsoft (Tomado del libro)
Ornamental Horticulture: Science, Operations, and Management (4th edition)
by Jack E. IngelsThis comprehensive book is an ideal introduction for both hobbyists and professionals to the art and science of ornamental horticulture providing a balanced coverage of the diverse elements integral to this exciting field and a realistic view of the required business skills while also giving them the chance to develop their creativity.
Orpheus in the Marketplace
by Tim Carter Richard A. GoldthwaiteThe Florentine musician Jacopo Peri (1561-1633) is known as the composer of the first operas--they include the earliest to survive complete, Euridice (1600), in which Peri sang the role of Orpheus. The recent discovery of a large number of private account books belonging to him and his family allows for a greater exploration of Peri's professional and personal life. Richard Goldthwaite, an economic historian, and Tim Carter, a musicologist, have done more, however, than write a biography: their investigation exposes the value of such financial documents as a primary source for an entire period. This record of Peri's wide-ranging investments and activities in the marketplace enables the first detailed account of the Florentine economy in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and opens a new perspective on one of Europe's principal centers of capitalism. His economic circumstances reflect continuities and transformations in Florentine society, and the strategies for negotiating them, under the Medici grand dukes. They also allow a reevaluation of Peri the singer and composer that elucidates the cultural life of a major artistic center even in changing times, providing a quite different view of what it meant to be a musician in late Renaissance Italy.
Orsted Goes Global
by Joseph L. Bower Elena CorsiThe European leader in offshore wind, the Danish Ørsted is building a global position and entering markets where offshore wind is nascent. The case examines the transformations in strategy leading to Ørsted’s success and the challenges of adopting that strategy in order to enter the U.S. market.
OrthoChoice: Bundled Payments in the County of Stockholm (A)
by Michael E. Porter Zachary C. Landman Clifford MarksIt was the waiting that drew the attention of the Stockholm County Council. In 2008, patients seeking a hip or knee replacement in Stockholm County faced wait times of up to two years of sometimes debilitating pain, intermittent missed work and income, and the trials of disability. Seeking a new model to lower wait times, but also improve patient choice of care, County Council Senior Medical Adviser, Dr. Holger Stalberg, set out to create a bundled payment system for hip and knee replacements in the County. The new model, called OrthoChoice, was set to go into operation on January 1, 2009.