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Pricing Done Right: The Pricing Framework Proven Successful by the World's Most Profitable Companies (Bloomberg Financial)
by Tim J. SmithPractical guidance and a fresh approach for more accurate value-based pricing Pricing Done Right provides a cutting-edge framework for value-based pricing and clear guidance on ideation, implementation, and execution. More action plan than primer, this book introduces a holistic strategy for ensuring on-target pricing by shifting the conversation from 'What is value-based pricing?' to 'How can we ensure that our pricing reflects our goals?' You'll learn to identify the decisions that must be managed, how to manage them, and who should make them, as illustrated by real-world case studies. The key success factor is to build a pricing organization within your organization; this reveals the relationships between pricing decisions, how they affect each other, and what the ultimate effects might be. With this deep-level insight, you are better able to decide where your organization needs to go. Pricing needs to be done right, and pricing decisions have to be made—but are you sure that you're leaving these decisions to the right people? Few managers are confident that their prices accurately reflect the cost and value of their product, and this uncertainty leaves money on the table. This book provides a practical template for better pricing strategies, methods, roles, and decisions, with a concrete roadmap through execution. Identify the right questions for pricing analyses Improve your pricing strategy and decision making process Understand roles, accountability, and value-based pricing Restructure perspectives to help pricing reflect your organization's goals The critical link between pricing and corporate strategy must be reflected in the decision making process. Pricing Done Right provides the blueprint for more accurate pricing, with expert guidance throughout the change process.
Pricing Export Credit: A Concise Framework with Examples and Implementation Code in R (Management for Professionals)
by Claudio FranzettiPricing of export credit is a challenge in the globalised world trade. Annual premia represent billions of euros or dollars and may determine competition. This book develops a rigorous new framework for pricing export credit products, e.g. buyer and supplier credit insurance and performance and working capital guarantees , based on well-known financial and actuarial theories. It introduces the products, the theories and the different data sources in order to apply the mathematical and financial ideas, e.g. discounting, risk-neutral valuation and Merton type defaults. It shows the differences of historical experience and implicit market pricing assumptions. The well-known OECD Arrangement is used as a benchmark for some part of the framework. Short code snippets in R are given in order to re-perform the results and have a basis to try own ideas. Many unprecedented exhibits give new insights into the subject matter. The book is targeted at practitioners and actuaries in the field with a good quantitative background.
Pricing Information: How to Customize Both the Product and Its Price
by Hal R. Varian Carl ShapiroThis chapter examines the market structure of information goods and its implications for competitive pricing strategy. It focuses on several approaches to overcoming commoditization: personalizing products and prices, and establishing group rates.
Pricing Insurance Risk: Theory and Practice (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics)
by Stephen J. Mildenhall John A. MajorPRICING INSURANCE RISK A comprehensive framework for measuring, valuing, and managing risk Pricing Insurance Risk: Theory and Practice delivers an accessible and authoritative account of how to determine the premium for a portfolio of non-hedgeable insurance risks and how to allocate it fairly to each portfolio component. The authors synthesize hundreds of academic research papers, bringing to light little-appreciated answers to fundamental questions about the relationships between insurance risk, capital, and premium. They lean on their industry experience throughout to connect the theory to real-world practice, such as assessing the performance of business units, evaluating risk transfer options, and optimizing portfolio mix. Readers will discover: Definitions, classifications, and specifications of risk An in-depth treatment of classical risk measures and premium calculation principles Properties of risk measures and their visualization A logical framework for spectral and coherent risk measures How risk measures for capital and pricing are distinct but interact Why the cost of capital, not capital itself, should be allocated The natural allocation method and how it unifies marginal and risk-adjusted probability approaches Applications to reserve risk, reinsurance, asset risk, franchise value, and portfolio optimization Perfect for actuaries working in the non-life or general insurance and reinsurance sectors, Pricing Insurance Risk: Theory and Practice is also an indispensable resource for banking and finance professionals, as well as risk management professionals seeking insight into measuring the value of their efforts to mitigate, transfer, or bear nonsystematic risk.
Pricing It Right: Strategies, Applications, and Pitfalls
by Richard LueckePricing is one of the linchpins of marketing strategy and success. Early markets are reached by "prestige pricing" and "price skimming" to make the product appear valuable to the target segment. This chapter emphasizes that these strategies develop perceived customer value in the product, and only then should "cost-plus" pricing be introduced to make the product available to all financial sectors. By then, a firm should have gained market leadership with profits redirected toward developing another prestige-priced, hot, new sell, perpetuating top-line growth throughout the market.
Pricing Lives: Guideposts for a Safer Society
by W. ViscusiHow society’s undervaluing of life puts all of us at risk—and the groundbreaking economic measure that can fix itLike it or not, sometimes we need to put a monetary value on people's lives. In the past, government agencies used the financial "cost of death" to monetize the mortality risks of regulatory policies, but this method vastly undervalued life. Pricing Lives tells the story of how the government came to adopt an altogether different approach--the value of a statistical life, or VSL—and persuasively shows how its more widespread use could create a safer and more equitable society for everyone.In the 1980s, W. Kip Viscusi used the method to demonstrate that the benefits of requiring businesses to label hazardous chemicals immensely outweighed the costs. VSL is the risk-reward trade-off that people make about their health when considering risky job choices. With it, Viscusi calculated how much more money workers would demand to take on hazardous jobs, boosting calculated benefits by an order of magnitude. His current estimate of the value of a statistical life is $10 million. In this book, Viscusi provides a comprehensive look at all aspects of economic and policy efforts to price lives, including controversial topics such as whether older people's lives are worth less and richer people's lives are worth more. He explains why corporations need to abandon the misguided cost-of-death approach, how the courts can profit from increased application of VSL in assessing liability and setting damages, and how other countries consistently undervalue risks to life.Pricing Lives proposes sensible economic guideposts to foster more protective policies and greater levels of safety in the United States and throughout the world.
Pricing Models of Volatility Products and Exotic Variance Derivatives (Chapman and Hall/CRC Financial Mathematics Series)
by Yue Kuen Kwok Wendong ZhengPricing Models of Volatility Products and Exotic Variance Derivatives summarizes most of the recent research results in pricing models of derivatives on discrete realized variance and VIX. The book begins with the presentation of volatility trading and uses of variance derivatives. It then moves on to discuss the robust replication strategy of variance swaps using portfolio of options, which is one of the major milestones in pricing theory of variance derivatives. The replication procedure provides the theoretical foundation of the construction of VIX. This book provides sound arguments for formulating the pricing models of variance derivatives and establishes formal proofs of various technical results. Illustrative numerical examples are included to show accuracy and effectiveness of analytic and approximation methods. Features Useful for practitioners and quants in the financial industry who need to make choices between various pricing models of variance derivatives Fabulous resource for researchers interested in pricing and hedging issues of variance derivatives and VIX products Can be used as a university textbook in a topic course on pricing variance derivatives
Pricing Options with Futures-Style Margining: A Genetic Adaptive Neural Network Approach
by Alan WhiteFirst Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Pricing Photography: The Complete Guide to Assignment and Stock Prices
by Michal Heron David MactavishWritten by successful freelance photographers, this classic trade reference tool provides photographers with a wealth of time-tested information on everything from estimating prices, identifying pricing factors, and negotiating fair deals. Topics discussed include practical information on the economics of photography, cutting-edge negotiation techniques, pricing guidance for photography buyers, how to structure prices to fit any type of market and usage, how to define prices in a way that guarantees long-term profitability, and the specifics of pricing electronic media. A must-have addition to every photographer's bookshelf.
Pricing Strategies: A Marketing Approach
by Professor Robert M. SchindlerWritten by a leading pricing researcher, Pricing Strategies makes this essential aspect of business accessible through a simple unified system for the setting and management of prices. Robert M. Schindler demystifies the math necessary for making effective pricing decisions. His intuitive approach to understanding basic pricing concepts presents mathematical techniques as simply more detailed specifications of these concepts.
Pricing Strategies: Harvesting Product Value
by Robert M. SchindlerWritten by a leading pricing researcher, this book provides a simple unified system for the setting and management of prices. The pricing procedures described are grounded in basic research and are generally applicable over products, situations, and times. The result is that students gain a deeper, more generally useful understanding of this essential aspect of business. The author demystifies the math necessary for making pricing decisions. Using clear, direct language, he explains in detail how to apply expected value, multiple regression, price elasticity, and generalized breakeven analysis to essential pricing tasks. He uses a descriptive approach to explaining mathematical techniques so that formulas can be seen as simply more detailed specifications of intuitive ideas. Used in dozens of college and MBA classes all over the world, Pricing Strategies is now available in a second edition. This revised edition includes updated examples and exercises as well as expanded coverage of topics such as freemium and in-app pricing, subscriptions, tipping, pay-what-you-want pricing, pricing algorithms, and dynamic pricing. Robert M. Schindler is a Professor of Marketing at Rutgers University, USA.
Pricing Strategies: Harvesting Product Value
by Robert M. SchindlerWritten by a leading pricing researcher, this book provides a simple unified system for the setting and management of prices. The pricing procedures described are grounded in basic research and are generally applicable over products, situations, and times. The result is that students gain a deeper, more generally useful understanding of this essential aspect of business. The author demystifies the math necessary for making pricing decisions. Using clear, direct language, he explains in detail how to apply expected value, multiple regression, price elasticity, and generalized breakeven analysis to essential pricing tasks. He uses a descriptive approach to explaining mathematical techniques so that formulas can be seen as simply more detailed specifications of intuitive ideas. Used in dozens of college and MBA classes all over the world, Pricing Strategies is now available in a second edition. This revised edition includes updated examples and exercises as well as expanded coverage of topics such as freemium and in-app pricing, subscriptions, tipping, pay-what-you-want pricing, pricing algorithms, and dynamic pricing. Robert M. Schindler is a Professor of Marketing at Rutgers University, USA.
Pricing Strategy Implementation: Translating Pricing Strategy into Results
by Stephan M. Liozu Andreas HinterhuberPricing can truly transform organizations. The impact of pricing on organizations is a result of two factors: pricing strategy development and the implementation of these strategies. Implementation is arguably the most difficult part in the pricing strategy process where even seasoned practitioners demand guidance. Pricing strategy development requires creativity, analytical rigor, and an ability to master the internal political competition for scarce resources, but it takes place in a well-defined environment. Fast forward to strategy implementation: competitors that stubbornly fail to behave according to assumptions, new entrants, internal resistance, new opportunities, changing customer preferences, leadership changes, regulatory interventions, or market growth rates that change unexpectedly are some of the intervening variables between the pricing strategy originally developed and the strategy actually implemented. This book provides the theories and best practices that enable the effective implementation of pricing strategies. It offers: a best practice overview on how to convert a pricing strategy into superior results insights from current academic research on driving profits via pricing strategy implementation examples on how to deal with digital transformation in the context of pricing tools and insights into how to overcome internal resistance, align the organization, and forge win-win relationships with customers Taking a new approach, Pricing Strategy Implementation is a critical and practical tool for practicing executives and managers, as well as academics and researchers in pricing, marketing strategy, and strategic management.
Pricing Theory, Financing of International Organisations and Monetary History (Routledge Explorations in Economic History)
by Lawrence H. OfficerThis book presents the lifelong and ongoing research of Lawrence H. Officer in a systematic way. The result is an authoritative treatment of such issues as market structure and economic efficiency where more than one characteristic of a commodity is priced, both in general and in application to shipping conferences; financing of the United Nations and International Monetary Fund; monetary history of the UK and US; and central-bank preferences between gold and dollars, The book first examines multidimensional pricing, defined as pricing when a commodity or service has several characteristics that are priced. The second part is concerned with country-group conflicts in the United Nations and International Monetary Fund. The book then takes a fresh look at historical experiences of monetary-standard upheavals and the final part considers a crucial time (1958-67), during which central-bank gold-dollar decisions were power-politically determined.
Pricing Urban Water
by Laura EchternachtHigh population growth, informal settlements, and organizational and financial mismanagement represent major challenges for the water supply in many cities in developing countries. This book contributes to solving those problems by identifying systematic shortcomings and proposing solutions to improve the financial conditions in two representative cities: Hyderabad and Varanasi. Serious improvements are necessary for the further development of the water supply and sanitation networks in these areas. Pricing Urban Water offers a theoretical introduction to economics of the water sector, including the theory of water pricing and tariff systems, combined with detailed analyses of the water supply and sanitation infrastructure as well as of the municipal suppliers of Hyderabad and Varanasi. Introducing a method for estimating future water production costs in both cities serves as the basis for a tariff revision, which is put forward as one solution to improve the poor financial conditions both suppliers are in. Besides the revision of the tariff systems, some considerations on how to supply and charge urban poor and on the inclusion of private borewells in the tariffs are part of the discussion. Changes in both the organizational structure of the service providers and in the current delivery and use of the services are presented as further solutions to the problems in this sector.
Pricing and Cost Accounting: A Handbook for Government Contractors
by Darrell J. Oyer CPAThe essential reference to help federal contractors negotiate and maintain profitable contracts—Now in its third edition!This is the essential reference to help federal contractors negotiate and maintain profitable contracts—and remain in compliance throughout the life of the contract.Government contracting rules and regulations have changed significantly over the past six years. This new third edition addresses these changes and more:New thresholds for certification of cost and pricing dataRevisions in cost accounting standardsImplementation of commercial time-and-material and labor-hour contractsNew, stringent ethics requirementsImpact of stimulus fundingRevised cost principles, including excessive pass-through costs, post-retirement benefits, and travel costsRedirected audit initiatives based on the GAO review of DCAAPlus…changed requirements for bidding…pricing…cost accounting…subcontracting…contract modification…all the information you need to be in compliance with the new rules. No other single book provides as much up-to-date federal procurement cost and pricing information in such a concise - yet comprehensive - format.
Pricing and Equilibrium (Routledge Library Editions)
by Erich SchneiderThis volume analyses value and equilibrium. Chapters on the decisions of household and on the theory of the firm (including short and long-term planning and investment) include both static and dynamic analysis.* Based on the enlarged sixth German edition this English edition contains many diagrams and an introduction to linear programming, as well as full treatment of the author's well-known theory of production.
Pricing and Hedging Financial Derivatives
by Leonardo Marroni Irene PerdomoThe only guide focusing entirely on practical approaches to pricing and hedging derivatives One valuable lesson of the financial crisis was that derivatives and risk practitioners don't really understand the products they're dealing with. Written by a practitioner for practitioners, this book delivers the kind of knowledge and skills traders and finance professionals need to fully understand derivatives and price and hedge them effectively. Most derivatives books are written by academics and are long on theory and short on the day-to-day realities of derivatives trading. Of the few practical guides available, very few of those cover pricing and hedging-two critical topics for traders. What matters to practitioners is what happens on the trading floor-information only seasoned practitioners such as authors Marroni and Perdomo can impart. Lays out proven derivatives pricing and hedging strategies and techniques for equities, FX, fixed income and commodities, as well as multi-assets and cross-assets Provides expert guidance on the development of structured products, supplemented with a range of practical examples Packed with real-life examples covering everything from option payout with delta hedging, to Monte Carlo procedures to common structured products payoffs The Companion Website features all of the examples from the book in Excel complete with source code
Pricing and Human Capital: A Guide to Developing a Pricing Career, Managing Pricing Teams, and Developing Pricing Skills
by Stephan M LiozuThe pricing profession has come a long way: from having a pure clerical function back in the 1970s to a more strategic one today, pricing professionals are increasingly accepted as fully fledged members of marketing and finance teams. However, in many of these organizations, pricing professionals are often misunderstood and neglected from a career and talent perspective. Furthermore, the literature is still silent on how to manage and develop pricing teams. Pricing and Human Capital explores the specific nature of pricing human resources and focuses on how to manage pricing teams, pricing talent, pricing careers and how to organize the pricing function for success. It is dedicated to the pricing function and is aimed at helping pricing professionals manage their career within marketing, finance, sales or IT departments. By focusing on specific practical tips, tools and recommendations that pricing and HR teams can adopt to improve their relationships, and including extensive interviews with senior pricing executives, it is the perfect toolkit for both HR and pricing professionals. This valuable textbook with its collection of cases in pricing will also be essential for students and tutors of marketing and sales.
Pricing and Liquidity of Complex and Structured Derivatives
by Mathias SchmidtThis book introduces the "strike of default" (SOD) benchmark concept. The author determines the SOD through cross-sectional pricing between the credit market and the option market, considering the same underlying. The idea of the SOD is to combine the implied probability of default from both markets to get a time-depending share price, at which the markets believe the underlying will default. By means of credit default swaps (CDS) and option pricing methods, the SOD is determined for any exchange-listed company, where option and CDS market data are available.
Pricing and Liquidity of Complex and Structured Derivatives: Deviation of a Risk Benchmark Based on Credit and Option Market Data (SpringerBriefs in Finance)
by Mathias SchmidtThis book introduces the “strike of default” (SOD) benchmark concept. The author determines the SOD through cross-sectional pricing between the credit market and the option market, considering the same underlying. The idea of the SOD is to combine the implied probability of default from both markets to get a time-depending share price, at which the markets believe the underlying will default. By means of credit default swaps (CDS) and option pricing methods, the SOD is determined for any exchange-listed company, where option and CDS market data are available.
Pricing and Market Making on the Internet
by Youngme Moon Robert J. DolanConsiders the impact of the Internet on how market exchanges will take place. Discusses the role of shopping agents and alternatives to fixed prices such as negotiations, auctions, and exchanges.
Pricing and Partnership at Zillow, Inc.
by Peter A. Coles Benjamin EdelmanAs Zillow's real estate search service gains user adoption, some real estate professionals question Zillow's policies, fees, and power. Dissatisfied real estate professionals could remove listings from Zillow, reducing the service's value to users. Should Zillow adjust its approach in order to address complaints?
Pricing and Performance of Initial Public Offerings in the United States
by Arvin GhoshIn this timely volume on newly emerging financial mar- kets and investment strategies, Arvin Ghosh explores the intriguing topic of initial public offerings (IPOs) of securities, among the most significant phenomena in the United States stock markets in recent years. Before the 2000-2001 market turndown, hardly a week went by when more than a few companies did not become public, either in the organized stock exchange or in the Over the Counter (OTC) market. In the often over-burdened, technology-heavy Nasdaq market, the role of IPOs was crucial for the market's new vigor and growth. Internet stocks were able to find a mode to supply key momentum to the market. In the so-called "New Economy" of the 1990s, it was the seductively accessible IPO that ushered in the world's information technology revolution.Ghosh sets out to examine the pricing and financial performance of IPOs in the United States during the period 1990-2001. In the opening chapter he discusses the rise and fall of IPOs in the preceding decade. Chapter 2 further delineates the IPO process from the start of the prospectus to the end of the "quiet period" and aftermarket stabilization. In chapter 3 Ghosh analyzes the mispricing and deliberately deceptive underpricing, or "flipping," of Internet IPOs. Chapter 4 delves deeper into the pricing and operating efficiency of Nasdaq IPOs. Chapter 5 analyzes the pricing and long-run performance of IPOs both in the New York Stock Exchange and in the Nasdaq markets. In chapters 6 and 7 the author deals with the pricing and performance of the venture-blocked and nonventure-backed IPOs in general and Internet IPOs in particular. In chapter 8 he analyzes the role of underwriters as market makers. In chapter 9 Ghosh discusses the accuracy of analysts' earnings forecasts. In the concluding chapter, he summarizes the principal findings of the study and the recent revival of the IPO market and its place in capital formation as well as the latest developments in t