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State Policies and Techno-Industrial Innovation
by Ulrich HilpertBehind the rhetoric of `intervention' and `deregulation' which has accompanied state attempts to stimulate technological innovation in the last decade is secreted a story of failed ambitions, confusion, muddle and incoherence.Techno-industrial innovation does make demands on the state, not only in terms of new industries, but also in regard to the inter-relation of industrial and R&D policy and the creation of markets.This book provides a comparative analysis of techno-industrial innovation in Europe, Japan and the USA. Drawing on case studies ranging from the semi-conductor to the biotechnology industries, the book presents a comprehensive and detailed survey of national strategies for the internal and world markets and sets them in their political context, where `the costs may be high and the pay-offs uncertain'.
State Power and World Markets: The International Political Economy
by G. John Ikenberry Joseph M. GriecoProfessors Grieco and Ikenberry focus on the dynamic, reciprocal relationships between states and world markets, articulating the ways in which their interactions shape the world economy today.
State Reform and Development in the Middle East: Turkey and Egypt in the Post-Liberalization Era (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Economies)
by Amr AdlyThe economies of Turkey and Egypt, remarkably similar until the early 1980s, have since taken divergent paths. Turkey has successfully implemented a policy of export led industrialisation whilst Egypt’s manufacturing industry and exports have stagnated. In this book, Amr Adly uses extensive primary research to present detailed comparisons of Turkey’s and Egypt’s state administrative and private sector capacities and links between the two. The conclusion the author draws is that the external contexts for both were so alike that this cannot account for their diverging paths. Instead, the author suggests a counterintuitive yet compelling explanation; that a democratic polity is far more likely than an authoritarian one to engender a successful developmental state. Emerging in the wake of the January revolution in Egypt, when hopes for democratisation were raised, this book provides a fresh perspective on the topical subject of state reform and development in the Middle East and will be of interest to students and scholar alike.
State Space Grids
by Tom HollensteinHuman development from birth through adulthood is a complex interplay of many interacting forces. Children's internal processes are manifest in behaviors that are sculpted by their experiences, most notably with primary caregivers. Because the discipline of psychology explores human behavior and cognition, the techniques employed for developmental analysis must be able to describe, depict, and quantify these complex processes. State Space Grids provides the framework, basic method, rationale, and advanced techniques for translating the behavior of children, adolescents, and parents into visible, traceable data. This seminar-between-covers takes readers step by step from conceptualization through implementation of projects, with examples from a range of current research within and outside child development. Links are included for the GridWare software program and related user resources. And although state space grids need not be used only to analyze dynamic systems, they serve as an excellent tool for honing systemic thinking. Key coverage in this volume includes: Dynamic systems and the origins of state space grids. The state of research using state space grids. Introducing GridWare and how it works. How to use state space grids, from idea through finished project. Within-grid and between-grid analysis. Conducting advanced analysis. State Space Grids is an essential reference for researchers across such disciplines as psychology, neuroscience, economics, computer science, and agricultural science.
State Street Corporation
by William E. FruhanState Street Corp. reports a 13% gain in EPS in 2008 amidst a global financial crisis. The stock price declines 59% on the day of the earnings report. This one day decline was exceeded in the prior 12 month period by only one non-bankrupt S&P 500 company. That company was AIG, Inc. which declined 61 % on the day Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy. While State Street reported $5.0 billion in profits over the 4-year period 2005-2008, the company also sustained $10.0 billion in after tax mark-to-market losses on its "available for sale" investment portfolio and the investment portfolios of its conduits. The question is, how has the firm performed over the past four years? Has it earned $5.0 billion or lost $5.0 billion? Fair value accounting plays a key role in the dilemma. How should a financial services firm measure and report income in the face of disorderly and illiquid markets for its principal assets? The case also examines how management at State Street responded to the deterioration in its capital ratios generated by "fair value" accounting.
State Street: The Development and Growth of SHE
by Vikram Gandhi"When Sonya Park, Senior Relationship Manager at State Street Global Advisors (SSGA), thought about the last six months, she felt a sense of pride. On March 8, 2016 (Women’s Day), SSGA had launched the SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF (Ticker: SHE), one of the first of its kind. SHE was based on a proprietary Gender Diversity Index created by SSGA that was designed to track the performance of U.S. large capitalization companies that were leading their industry in placing women on boards of directors and in senior leadership positions. As of August 17, 2016, the ETF had $280 million in assets and held 186 companies."
State Street—The Development and Growth of SHE
by Vikram GandhiState Street—The Development and Growth of SHE by Vikram Gandhi
State Tax Systems: Policy Making for Fiscal Stability
by Yuhua QiaoState governments are responsible for most of the direct domestic spending that affects the well-being of their citizens. Fiscal stability, important for state governments to serve the public, is influenced by both state tax systems and spending programs. This important new book explores how states’ tax systems have changed, particularly in the aftermath of the Great Recession, why changes were made, and how these policies contributed to state fiscal stability. Author Yuhua Qiao examines tax systems, including state personal income tax, corporate income tax, sales and use tax, fuel tax, healthcare provider tax, and sin taxes. As fiscal stability largely depends on a tax system with a broad base and diverse sources, this book pays special attention to how changes affect the tax base, as well as the challenges and opportunities states face in broadening it.Case studies within the book provide a rich discussion about the context under which a tax reform is adopted as well as its repercussions. The first book dedicated to a comprehensive examination of tax policy changes at the state level since the Great Recession, State Tax Systems: Policy Making for Fiscal Stability will help state government officials, public finance scholars, and students gain a better understanding of a given tax policy’s impact on state fiscal health over the long term.
State Taxation Policy and Economic Growth
by Michael BarkerThis volume discusses the problems of state governments in coping with contemporary issues of redesigning taxation policies to encourage economic growth.
State Trading in the Twenty-First Century
by Thomas Cottier Petros C. MavroidisThe University of Michigan Press is pleased to announce the first volume in an annual series, The World Trade Forum. The Forum's members include scholars, lawyers, and government and business practitioners working in the area of international trade, law, and policy. They meet annually and discuss integration issues in international economic relations, focusing on a new theme each year. The central topic of the first World Trade Forum is state trading. To what extent has trade liberalization, as we have experienced it over the last fifty years, affected property ownership? Contributors to the 1998 World Trade Forum explore this question, examining both state practice and the regulatory framework. Their discussions are divided into three parts: Part 1 looks at the World Trade Organization's legal framework for state trading enterprises, taking on such issues as monopolies and state enterprises, the WTO Antidumping Agreement and the economies in transition, and relationship of state trading and the Government Purchasing Act. Part 2 deals with regional experiences in state trading (for the EC, United States, Canada, Japan, China, and Russia). Part 3 examines conceptual issues such as auctions as a trade policy instrument and rule-making alternatives for entities with exclusive rights. The conclusion synthesizes the foregoing chapters in discussing the reach of modern international trade law. Contributors are Frederick Abbott, Ichiro Araki, Christian Bach, Jacques H. J. Bourgeois, Thomas Cottier, William J. Davey, Vladimir Dbrentsov, Toni Haniotis, Bernard M. Hoekman, Gary Horlick, Henrik Horn, Robert Howse, Patrick Low, Will Martin, Mitsuo Matsushita, Petros Mavroidis, Aaditya Mattoo, Patrick Messerlin, Constantine Michalopoulos, Kristin Heim Mowry, Stilpon Nestor, Damien Neven, N. David Palmeter, Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, André Sapir, Diane P. Wood, and Werner Zdouc. Petros Mavroidis is Professor of Law, University of Neuchatel. Thomas Cottier is Professor of Law, Institute of European and International Economic Law, University of Bern Law School.
State Transformations in OECD Countries
by Heinz Rothgang Steffen SchneiderThe democratic nation state of the post-war era has undergone major transformations since the 1970s, and political authority has been both internationalized and privatized. The thirteen chapters of this edited collection deal with major transformations of governance arrangements and state responsibilities in the countries of the OECD world. A unified conceptual and explanatory framework is used to describe trajectories of state change, to explain the internationalization or privatization of responsibilities in the resource, law, legitimacy and welfare dimensions of the democratic nation state, and to probe the state's role in the today's post-national constellation of political authority. As the contributions show, an unravelling of state authority has indeed occurred, but the state nevertheless continues to play a key role in emerging governance arrangements. Hence it is not merely a 'victim' of globalization and other driving forces of change.
State Voter Registration Databases: Immediate Actions And Future Improvements
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesThe Help America Vote Act of 2002 requires the states to develop a single, computerized voter registration data base (VRD) that is defined, maintained, and administered at the state level. To help the states with this task, the U.S. Election Assistance Commission asked the NRC to organize a series of workshops and prepare an interim report addressing the challenges in implementing and maintaining state VRDs. The EAC also asked the NRC to advise the states on how to evolve and maintain the databases so that they can share information with each other. This report provides an examination of various challenges to the deployment of state VRDs and describes potential solutions to these challenges. This interim report’s primary focus is on shorter-term recommendations although a number of long-range recommendations are presented. The final report will elaborate on the long-range questions and address considerations about interstate interoperability of the VRDs.
State Work: Public Administration and Mass Intellectuality
by Stefano HarneyAn innovative contribution to political theory, State Work examines the labor of government workers in North America. Arguing that this work needs to be theorized precisely because it is vital to the creation and persistence of the state, Stefano Harney draws on thinking from public administration and organizational sociology, as well as poststructuralist theory and performance studies, to launch a cultural studies of the state. Countering conceptions of the government and its employees as remote and inflexible, Harney uses the theory of mass intellectuality developed by Italian worker-theorists to illuminate the potential for genuine political progress inherent within state work. State Work begins with an ethnographic account of Harney's work as a midlevel manager within an Ontario government initiative charged with leading the province's efforts to combat racism. Through readings of material such as The X-Files and Law & Order, Harney then reviews how popular images of the state and government labor are formed within American culture and how these ideas shape everyday life. He highlights the mutually dependent roles played in state work by the citizenry and civil servants. Using as case studies Al Gore's National Partnership for Reinventing Government and a community-policing project in New York City, Harney also critiques public management literature and performance measurement theories. He concludes his study with a look at the motivations of state workers.
State and Capitalist Development in India: A Political Economy Perspective
by Prashant K. Trivedi Surinder Kumar C. S. VermaThis book seeks to encourage dialectical methods through the interaction of economic, political and social factors to approach social analysis. It examines various emerging issues in society in the era of globalization. The issues raised in the critique will benefit scholars in comprehending social reality with a new perspective and approach. This book will help policymakers look at more realistic conclusions for policy making. This title is co-published with Aakar Books. Print editions not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)
State and Corporate Management of Region’s Development in the Conditions of the Digital Economy (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)
by Yakhya G. Buchaev Salikhbek G. Abdulmanapov Arsen S. Abdulkadyrov Arutyun A. KhachaturyanThis edited book presents scientific and practical recommendations for the successful state and corporate management of regional development under the conditions of the digital economy. These conditions have produced a number of changes. On the one hand, new aspects of regional economies, which require management, are emerging, above all, digital technologies that have to be understood by the population, employees in the labor market, and regional companies. On the other hand, new opportunities for improving practices in the state and corporate management of regional development on the basis of digital technologies are also emerging: e-government systems, digital marketing, online trade, “smart” regions, etc. This book provides an overview of the leading digital technologies and demonstrates how they can be used to improve modern practices in the state and corporate management of regional development in the digital economy. The authors develop the conceptual foundations and put forward practical recommendations. In closing, the authors’ conclusions and recommendations are applied to the example of modern Russia, ensuring the practical relevance of the research.
State and Economic Development in Africa
by Aaron TesfayeThis book critically assesses the impact of Ethiopia's policy of Agriculture Development Led Industrialization. Employing qualitative and quantitative analysis, it presents empirical evidence suggesting persistent economic growth. The research highlights improvements in infrastructure, health care, education, poverty alleviation as well reductions in infant mortality rate. The impact of this economic growth has however had led to only slight improvements in the plight of the poor. The author argues that, while significant steps have been achieved with measurable economic gains, there are still undeniable obstacles within the federal system: prevailing patron-client relationships, constraints on state capacity to efficiently and effectively implement policy, and bureaucratic rent-seeking in the provision of public goods. The author concludes that these problems will have to be resolved before Ethiopia's political economy can achieve the stage of sustainable development
State and Enterprise: Legal Issues in the Global Market
by Federico Pernazza Maria Rosaria MauroThis book addresses the regulation of the State/Enterprise relationship in the framework of international economic context. It analyzes this relationship from the discrete perspectives of conflict, cooperation, and integration in contributions by authors representing a diverse range of legal cultures and political backgrounds.The topic is investigated following three approaches:• State versus Enterprise (the State which bans, restricts, or regulates the activities of Enterprises, both domestic and foreign);• Enterprise versus State (the Enterprises, main actors of commercial, industrial or financial initiatives, which may directly or indirectly affect the legal and economic structure of the State);• State as Enterprise and Enterprise as State (public Enterprises under political control that pursue geopolitical goals, and Enterprises that rely on the political, financial, and strategic support of the State for their business expansion).Furthermore, the volume includes a special focus on the relationship State/Enterprise in non-capitalist economies (China, Russia, and Cuba).
State and Local Pensions
by Alicia H. MunnellIn the wake of the financial crisis and Great Recession, the health of state and local pension plans has emerged as a front burner policy issue. Elected officials, academic experts, and the media alike have pointed to funding shortfalls with alarm, expressing concern that pension promises are unsustainable or will squeeze out other pressing government priorities. A few local governments have even filed for bankruptcy, with pensions cited as a major cause.Alicia H. Munnell draws on both her practical experience and her research to provide a broad perspective on the challenge of state and local pensions. She shows that the story is big and complicated and cannot be viewed through a narrow prism such as accounting methods or the role of unions.By examining the diversity of the public plan universe, Munnell debunks the notion that all plans are in trouble. In fact, she finds that while a few plans are basket cases, many are functioning reasonably well.Munnell's analysis concludes that the plans in serious trouble need a major overhaul. But even the relatively healthy plans face three challenges ahead: an excessive concentration of plan assets in equities; the risk that steep benefit cuts for new hires will harm workforce quality; and the constraints plans face in adjusting future benefits for current employees. Here, Munnell proposes solutions that preserve the main strengths of state and local pensions while promoting needed reforms.
State and Local Pensions
by Alicia H. MunnellIn the wake of the financial crisis and Great Recession, the health of state and local pension plans has emerged as a front burner policy issue. Elected officials, academic experts, and the media alike have pointed to funding shortfalls with alarm, expressing concern that pension promises are unsustainable or will squeeze out other pressing government priorities. A few local governments have even filed for bankruptcy, with pensions cited as a major cause.Alicia H. Munnell draws on both her practical experience and her research to provide a broad perspective on the challenge of state and local pensions. She shows that the story is big and complicated and cannot be viewed through a narrow prism such as accounting methods or the role of unions.By examining the diversity of the public plan universe, Munnell debunks the notion that all plans are in trouble. In fact, she finds that while a few plans are basket cases, many are functioning reasonably well.Munnell's analysis concludes that the plans in serious trouble need a major overhaul. But even the relatively healthy plans face three challenges ahead: an excessive concentration of plan assets in equities; the risk that steep benefit cuts for new hires will harm workforce quality; and the constraints plans face in adjusting future benefits for current employees. Here, Munnell proposes solutions that preserve the main strengths of state and local pensions while promoting needed reforms.
State and Local Public Finance
by Ronald C. FisherNow in its 4th edition, State and Local Public Finance provides a comprehensive and sophisticated analysis of state and local government public finance practices and issues, using the basic tools of economics. For this new edition, there is a focus on the most important services provided in the state-local sector: education, health and welfare, public safety, and transportation. This textbook provides an examination and analysis of public finance practices and problems in a federal fiscal system, focusing on the fiscal behaviour and policies of state and local governments. The author presents detailed descriptions of significant institutions. Modern economic theory is applied to examine the way these institutions are used to produce and finance services, and to provide evaluation of alternative policies. Although the emphasis is on U.S. institutions and issues, much of the economic analysis can be applied to any federal system or to fiscal decentralization. This fully revised new edition sees updates throughout to data, topics, and applications. The Headlines and Applications sections reflect the most current policy issues affecting state and local governments. These include the effects of the Great Recession on state and local governments, changes in the tax treatment of internet purchases, the Affordable Care Act and implications for Medicaid spending by state governments, demographic changes and the implications for state-local finances, the implications of changes in automobile technology for transportation financing, and the potential for increased gambling activity. This text will continue to be invaluable reading for those who study public finance, local government finance, urban economics and public policy and public administration.
State and Local Public Finance
by Ronald C. FisherState and Local Public Finance provides a comprehensive and sophisticated analysis of state and local government public finance practices and issues, using the basic tools of economics. This fifth edition maintains its focus on key local services such as education, health care, and transportation and brings in new coverage of land use and housing, applications from behavioral economics, and more international comparisons. This textbook provides an examination and analysis of public finance practices and problems in a federal fiscal system, focusing on the fiscal behavior and policies of state and local governments. Modern economic theory is applied to examine the way key institutions are used to produce and finance services and to provide evaluation of alternative policies. This stalwart text will continue to be invaluable reading for those who study public finance, local government finance, urban economics, public policy, and public administration.
State and Municipal Bonds (Routledge Revivals)
by William L. RaymondWith twenty-one years’ experience in the investment bond business, Raymond uses his experience in this study to demonstrate the key issues related to state, county, municipal and district bonds through the use of the most recent data of the time. Originally published in 1923, this version was republished in 1936 to ensure that all figures and arguments were up-to-date. This title will be of interest to students of Business, Economics and Finance.
State and Social Welfare, The: The Objectives of Policy (Routledge Studies In The Political Economy Of The Welfare State Ser.)
by Thomas Dorothy WilsonAims to review the issues raised by the state provision of social benefits and to examine the principles on which their provision may be deemed to rest.
State and Statehood in the Global South: Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Studies
by Miriam Fahimi Elmar Flatschart Wolfram SchaffarThis book focuses on critical approaches to the state and state theory in the Global South. In light of the reemergence of the post-colonial and peripheral state as a crucial institution and actor in the 21st century’s capitalist world-system, the book examines the nature, functions and development dynamics of the state in the periphery, as well as its constituting interests and struggles. Drawing on the works of Poulantzas and Gramsci, dependency and world-systems theory, as well as the regulation school and the German Ableitungsdebatte, stategraphy and critical realism, it analyzes the development of different theoretical perspectives on the state, elaborates on their theoretical, ontological and epistemological presuppositions, and illustrates their methodological, practical and ethical implications. The book is divided into three parts, the first of which provides an overview of recent global capitalist developments and challenges for state theory and lays the theoretical, ontological and hermeneutic foundation for studies of the state and statehood in the Global South. In turn, the second part introduces readers to different schools of state theory, including critical theory and materialism, as well as approaches derived from postcolonial, anthropological, and feminist thought. Lastly, the third part presents various empirical studies, highlighting concrete methodological and practical experiences of conducting critical state theory.