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Spanish Economic Growth, 1850–2015
by Leandro Prados de la EscosuraThis book is open access under a CC BY 4. 0 license. This text offers a comprehensive and nuanced view of the economic development of Spain since 1850. It provides a new set of historical GDP estimates for Spain from the demand and supply sides, and presents a reconstruction of production and expenditure series for the century prior to the introduction of modern national accounts. The author splices available national accounts sets over the period 1958-2015 through interpolation, as an alternative to conventional retropolation. The resulting national accounts series are linked to the historical estimates providing yearly series for GDP and its components since 1850. On the basis of new population estimates, the author derives GDP per head, decomposed into labour productivity and the amount of work per person, and placed into international perspective. With theoretical reasoning and historiographical implications, Prados de la Escosura provides a useful methodological reference work for anyone interested in national accounting. 'This book stands among the classics for the Kuznetian paradigm in empirical economics. This is the definitive study of Spain's transition to a modern economy. ' --Patrick Karl O'Brien, Emeritus Fellow at St. Antony's College, the University of Oxford, UK, and Professor Emeritus of Global Economic History at the London School of Economics and Political Science, UK 'The definitive account of Spanish economic growth since 1850, based firmly on a magisterial reconstruction of that country's national accounts and an unrivalled knowledge of both Spanish and global economic history of the period. ' --Stephen Broadberry, Professor of Economic History at Nuffield College, the University of Oxford, UK
Spanish Money And Banking
by Gabriel Tortella José Luis García RuizThis book incorporates advances in financial and monetary history and theory and shows the relevance of Spain's story to modern banking, monetary and development theory. It studies the early development of banking and monetary institutions and shows how financial and monetary mismanagement contributed to the decline of Spain in the early modern era
Spanish Regional Unemployment
by Alejandro García-Cintado Diego Romero-Ávila Carlos UsabiagaThis work investigates the time series properties of the unemployment rate of the Spanish regions over the period 1976-2011. For that purpose, the authors employ the PANIC procedures of Bai and Ng (2004), which allows to decompose the observed unemployment rate series into common factor and idiosyncratic components. This enables the authors to identify the exact source behind the hysteretic behaviour found in Spanish regional unemployment. Overall, the analysis with three different proxies for the excess of labour supply renders strong support for the hysteresis hypothesis, which appears to be caused by a common stochastic trend driving all the regional unemployment series. In the second part of the analysis the authors try to determine the macroeconomic and institutional factors that are able to explain the time series evolution of the common factor, and in turn help us shed light on the ultimate sources of hysteresis. The reader shall see how the variables that the empirical analysis emphasises as relevant closely fit into the main causes of the Spanish unemployment behaviour. Finally, some policy considerations drawn from the results are presented.
Spanish Sociedades Laborales—Activating the Unemployed
by Jens Lowitzsch Sophie Dunsch Iraj HashiThis book investigates the potential of the Spanish Sociedades Laborales (SLs) as an instrument of active labour market policy for re-turning the unemployed to the labour market and also the transferability of the scheme to other EU Member States. Spanish Sociedades Laborales (SLs) - mostly small and micro enterprises - are a qualified form of conventional corporation, majority-owned by their permanent employees. Unemployed persons can capitalise their unemployment benefits as a lump sum to start a new SL or to recapitalise an existing SL by joining it. This makes SLs similar to start-up subsidies for the unemployed, an established instrument of active labour market policy across the EU. The new 2015 Law on Worker-Owned and Participatory Companies substantially modernised the concept of SLs 30 years after its inception. The book tackles two currently widely discussed policy issues at both the EU level as well as the national level, i. e. , reactivating unemployed in the context of ALMP and encouraging employee co-ownership in the context of the economic reform agenda in particular with regard to corporate governance, regional economic stimuli and distributive justice.
Spanish Tourism Geographies: Territorial Diversity and Different Approaches (Geographies of Tourism and Global Change)
by Macià Blázquez-Salom Asunción Blanco-RomeroThis book provides an overview of the progress in Spanish tourism geography, particularly after the overlay of financial, pandemic and climate crisis, by the scrutiny of the different geographical areas and variables of analysis. It shows the diversity of geographical environments and their varied relationship with tourism, from the emptied inland regions to urban heritage in historic centres to coastal resorts. The book also introduces the analysis of the most important variables when studying the implications of Spanish tourist specialization. How are the beaches with intensive tourist use managed? What socio-spatial processes do leisure-rooted migrations involve? What are the labour conditions in the Spanish tourism industry? How does saving water boost tourism growth? The book offers answers through a methodological specificity of Spanish geography, which is highly oriented towards the analysis of public policies and even the proposal of new planning and methodology formulas that go beyond diagnostic studies.The domestic perspective, or that of insiders, of these scientists residing in Spain bestows them with special codes for conducting interpretations and analyses based on their everyday proximity to a territory characterised by its intense touristification. The tourism and real estate specialisation that Spanish society, together with its territory and institutions, have forged since the beginning of “developmentalism” permeates this scientific analysis. By providing a strong conceptual and empirical portrait, this book is a great resource for students and scholars in geography of tourism, as well as for social scientists and policy makers.
Spanish at Work
by Nuria Lorenzo-DusSpanish at Work is the first book examining the discourse practices of institutions in the Spanish-speaking world. It focuses on three 'umbrella' institutions (the mass-media, politics and the workplace), each of which are explored through a discrete theme. Within the mass media, chapters focus on the relationship between language and identity; within the political domain, persuasion and performance are investigated; and within the workplace, chapters explore the negotiation of interpersonal relations in work-related activity types. Spanish at Work delves into a varied selection of countries and settings in which Spanish is spoken variously as one of several official languages, as the official language, as a 'minority' language, and even as a second language or one of a number of other languages. Spanish at Work will be essential reading for upper-level undergraduates and graduates in Spanish linguistics and discourse analysis, as well as for practitioners in these fields.
Spanning Silos
by David A. AakerPowerful product, country, and functional silos are jeopardizing companies' marketing efforts. Because of silos, firms misallocate resources, send inconsistent messages to the marketplace, and fail to leverage scale economies and successes--all of which can threaten a company's survival.As David Aaker shows in Spanning Silos, the unfettered decentralization that produces silos is no longer feasible in today's marketplace. It's up to chief marketing officers to break down silo walls to foster cooperation and synergy.This isn't easy: silo teams guard their autonomy vigorously. As proof of their power, consider the fact that the average CMO tenure is just twenty-three months. How to proceed? Drawing on interviews with CMOs, Aaker explains how to:Strength your credibility with silo teams and your CEOUse cross-functional teams and other strategic linking devicesFoster communication across silosSelect the right CMO role-- from facilitator to strategic captainDevelop common planning processesAdapt your brand strategy to silo unitsAllocate marketing dollars strategically across silosDevelop silo-spanning marketing programsIn this age of dynamic markets, new media, and globalization, getting the different parts of your organization to collaborate is more critical--and more difficult--than ever. This book gives you the road map you need to accomplish that feat.
Spannungsfeld zwischen Fachkräftemangel und Wohnungsmangel: Mitarbeiterwohnungen als Lösungsansatz (Studien zum nachhaltigen Bauen und Wirtschaften)
by Thomas Glatte Mona BalkenholVor dem Hintergrund des aktuell herrschenden Wohnungsmangels und dem Mangel an Fachkräften in Deutschland werden Mitarbeiterwohnungen wieder neu entdeckt. Diese Publikation untersucht die Mitarbeiterwohnungen als passenden Lösungsansatz in dem Spannungsfeld zwischen Fachkräftemangel und Wohnungsmangel. Hierbei werden erste Einblicke in die Wahrnehmung von Akademikern der Generation Z in Bezug auf Mitarbeiterwohnungen gewährt. Ebenso stellt die Publikation Erkenntnisse für eine Steigerung der Arbeitgeberattraktivität gegenüber jungen Arbeitnehmern dar.
Spare Parts Inventory Control under System Availability Constraints
by Geert-Jan Houtum Bram KranenburgThis book focuses on the tactical planning level for spare parts management. It describes a series of multi-item inventory models and presents exact and heuristic optimization methods, including greedy heuristics that work well for real, life-sized problems. The intended audience consists of graduate students, starting scholars in the field of spare parts inventory control, and spare parts planning specialists in the industry. In individual chapters the authors consider topics including: a basic single-location model; single-location models with multiple machine types and/or machine groups; the multi-location model with lateral transshipments; the classical METRIC model and its generalization to multi-indenture systems; and a single-location model with an explicit modeling of the repair capacity for failed parts and the priorities that one can set there. Various chapters of the book are used in a master course at Eindhoven University of Technology and in a PhD course of the Graduate Program Operations Management and Logistics (a Dutch network that organizes PhD courses in the field of OM&L). The required pre-knowledge consists of probability theory and basic knowledge of Markov processes and queuing theory. End-of-chapter problems appear for all chapters, with some answers appearing in an appendix.
Sparen in öffentlichen Haushalten: Grundzüge einer Theorie mit zehn Beispielen für die Praxis und Fachdiskussion (essentials)
by Ingo Caspari Walter Reese-Schäfer Werner HaßenkampDie Autoren beschreiben in diesem Essential anhand von Beispielen Schwierigkeiten, die beim Sparen auftreten. Auf Basis der Systemtheorie des Soziologen N. Luhmann, die zu Grundzügen einer Soziologie des Sparens umgeformt wird, entstehen neue Einblicke, weil in Systemen (wie Wirtschaft oder Politik) gedacht wird und der einzelne Mensch außen vor bleibt. Die Aggregation der Erkenntnisse der Beispiele aus der Praxis mündet in einer Frage: Wie sollen die gesellschaftlichen Subsysteme um die beste Lösung streiten? Hier stößt das Analysewerkzeug Systemtheorie an seine Grenzen und die Theorie kommunikativer Vernunft von J. Habermas führt zu klaren Empfehlungen an die Praxis des Sparens. Zentrale zukünftige Herausforderungen werden abschließend benannt.
Sparen macht glücklich: Wer nicht spart, wann er kann, kann kein Geld ausgeben, wenn er das möchte.
by Tomas Pulido GalanIn seinem Buch "Sparen macht glücklich" ("Ahorra y sé feliz") gibt Tomás Pulido Galán, ein erfolgreicher Autor von Ratgebern, dem Leser 350 Tipps, wie man Geld sparen kann. Es zeigt die unterschiedlichsten Sparmöglichkeiten in vielen Bereichen auf: im Haushalt, bei Fahrzeugen, bei Banken und Versicherungen, bei Immobilien, in der Freizeit etc. Auch zusätzliche Verdienstmöglichkeiten wie z.B. Nebenjobs finden Erwähnung. Sein Buch über das Sparen ist bei Amazon.es in Spanien und Lateinamerika ein Bestseller.
Spark
by John WinsorThe playing field for businesses is always changing. But one principle remains constant: individuals and companies that innovate will excel. In this groundbreaking guide, entrepreneur John Winsor presents 16 unique perspectives from trail-blazing innovators in companies of all sizes - creative directors, CEOs, brand managers, product developers, and others. Readers will learn how these stellar innovators built powerful brands and created the right environments to foster high levels of creativity. Following each interview, readers will discover a set of tools and recommendations to help them implement the innovator's ideas, including exercises, questions, and space to draw or write their thoughts. Throughout, Winsor weaves his essential premise: it takes more than one brilliant mind to allow innovation to occur. By the end, readers will understand why a true innovator is someone who makes connections with others and realizes the rewards.
Spark
by Patricia LeavyProfessor Peyton Wilde has an enviable life teaching sociology at an idyllic liberal arts college--yet she is troubled by a sense of fading inspiration. One day an invitation arrives. Peyton has been selected to attend a luxurious all-expense-paid seminar in Iceland, where participants, billed as some of the greatest thinkers in the world, will be charged with answering one perplexing question. Meeting her diverse teammates--two neuroscientists, a philosopher, a dance teacher, a collage artist, and a farmer--Peyton wonders what she could ever have to contribute. The ensuing journey of discovery will transform the characters' work, their biases, and themselves. This suspenseful novel shows that the answers you seek can be found in the most unlikely places. It can be read for pleasure, is a great choice for book clubs, and can be used as unique and inspiring reading in qualitative research and other courses in education, sociology, social work, psychology, and communication.
Spark & Hustle
by Tory JohnsonYOUR PASSION. YOUR PURPOSE. YOUR PROFIT. Some people are willing to spend their lives working for someone else. Not you. You're ready to start your own business--or grow your existing business into something bigger. You're ready to take control of your life, your finances, your future. Tory Johnson helps you make it happen. Based on her phenomenally successful "Spark & Hustle" workshops, Tory breaks down the basics, and helps you create a plan for success, including Exploring your motivations to profit from your passion How to nail a one-page business plan to launch your idea with clarity and confidence Finding the money to get going, perfecting your revenue and pricing Making social media (and other free tools) profitable for you Mastering sales without cringing at the thought of asking for money Detailed strategies for every aspect of your start-up and tactics to hustle for ongoing small business success
Spark Innovation Through Empathic Design
by Dorothy Leonard Jeffrey F. RayportAlmost all companies today compete to some degree on the basis of continuous innovation. And many turn to customers for information to guide that innovation. The problem is that customers' ability to guide new product and service development is limited by their experience and by their ability to imagine and describe possible innovations. How can companies identify needs that customers themselves may not recognize? A set of techniques Harvard Business School Professors Dorothy Leonard and Jeffrey Rayport call empathic design can help resolve those dilemmas. Its basic principle is observation--watching customers use products or services. But the critical twist is that such observation is conducted in the customer's own environment--in the context of normal, everyday routines. In such a context, the company is privy to a host of information that is not accessible through other observation--oriented research methods such as focus groups or usability laboratories. This article explores a new way for companies to spark innovation--a new way for them to identify consumer needs, and thus design successful new products to meet those needs. The techniques of empathic design--effectively gathering, analyzing, and applying information gleaned from observation-are familiar to top engineering/design firms and a few forward-thinking manufacturers, but are not common practice.
Spark Therapeutics: Pioneering Gene Therapy
by Robert F. Higgins"It was fall 2014 and Jeff Marrazzo, the co-founder and CEO of Spark Therapeutics, a pioneering gene therapy startup, sat down at his desk in Philadelphia to finish preparing for his board meeting starting in an hour. It was hard to imagine that more than a year had already passed since Spark had formally spun out of The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). The company had taken with it much of the intellectual property and talent that CHOP had developed in the exciting new field of gene therapy under the leadership of accomplished clinician researcher Dr. Katherine A. (Kathy) High. High was now serving as co-founder, President, and Chief Scientific Officer of Spark"
Spark for Python Developers
by Amit NandiA concise guide to implementing Spark Big Data analytics for Python developers, and building a real-time and insightful trend tracker data intensive app About This Book * Set up real-time streaming and batch data intensive infrastructure using Spark and Python * Deliver insightful visualizations in a web app using Spark (PySpark) * Inject live data using Spark Streaming with real-time events Who This Book Is For This book is for data scientists and software developers with a focus on Python who want to work with the Spark engine, and it will also benefit Enterprise Architects. All you need to have is a good background of Python and an inclination to work with Spark. What You Will Learn * Create a Python development environment powered by Spark (PySpark), Blaze, and Bookeh * Build a real-time trend tracker data intensive app * Visualize the trends and insights gained from data using Bookeh * Generate insights from data using machine learning through Spark MLLIB * Juggle with data using Blaze * Create training data sets and train the Machine Learning models * Test the machine learning models on test datasets * Deploy the machine learning algorithms and models and scale it for real-time events In Detail Looking for a cluster computing system that provides high-level APIs? Apache Spark is your answer--an open source, fast, and general purpose cluster computing system. Spark's multi-stage memory primitives provide performance up to 100 times faster than Hadoop, and it is also well-suited for machine learning algorithms. Are you a Python developer inclined to work with Spark engine? If so, this book will be your companion as you create data-intensive app using Spark as a processing engine, Python visualization libraries, and web frameworks such as Flask. To begin with, you will learn the most effective way to install the Python development environment powered by Spark, Blaze, and Bookeh. You will then find out how to connect with data stores such as MySQL, MongoDB, Cassandra, and Hadoop. You'll expand your skills throughout, getting familiarized with the various data sources (Github, Twitter, Meetup, and Blogs), their data structures, and solutions to effectively tackle complexities. You'll explore datasets using iPython Notebook and will discover how to optimize the data models and pipeline. Finally, you'll get to know how to create training datasets and train the machine learning models. By the end of the book, you will have created a real-time and insightful trend tracker data-intensive app with Spark. Style and approach This is a comprehensive guide packed with easy-to-follow examples that will take your skills to the next level and will get you up and running with Spark.
Spark: How Old-Fashioned Values Drive a Twenty-First-Century Corporation: Lessons from Lincoln Electric's U
by Frank KollerWhile factories across the Midwest shutter their doors, Cleveland-based manufacturer Lincoln Electric has thrived for more than a century. In addition to being profitable and technologically innovative, through good times and bad, the company has fulfilled its unique promise of "guaranteed continuous employment. ” Workers are viewed as assets-not liabilities. Through flexible hours and job assignments, as well as a merit-based bonus system, Lincoln Electric’s employment policies have proven healthy for the company’s bottom line its employees and its shareholders. In Spark, veteran journalist Frank Koller tells the story of how this unusual and profitable Fortune 1000 multinational company challenges the conventional wisdom shaping modern management’s view of the workplace. Through insightful storytelling and extensive interviews with executives, workers, and leading business thinkers, Koller uses the Lincoln Electric example to illustrate how job security can inspire powerful growth and prosperity in our communities.
Spark: How to Lead Yourself and Others to Greater Success
by Sean Lynch Angie Morgan Courtney LynchFrom the team behind the corporate leadership consulting firm Lead Star??—??three leadership experts with military backgrounds??—??comes the New York Times bestseller Spark, “a myth-destroying book that will make you rethink both the theory and practice of leadership” (Daniel H. Pink).Leadership is not about job titles??—??it’s about action and behavior. “Sparks” are the doers, thinkers, innovators, and key influencers who are catalysts for personal and organizational change. But these extraordinary individuals aren’t defined by the place they hold on an organizational chart??—??they are defined by their actions, commitment, and will. Leadership experts Angie Morgan, Courtney Lynch, and Sean Lynch show how you can become a Spark by cultivating seven key leadership behaviors. Grounded in the latest research on leadership development, this fresh, accessible road map is packed with real-world stories from inside companies like Facebook, Google, and Boston Scientific, and from the authors’ own high-stakes, challenging experiences serving in the US Armed Forces. With Spark as a blueprint, anyone can become a catalyst for change, and any organization can identify and develop Sparks.Featuring a Foreword by Frederick W. Smith, founder, chairman and CEO of FedEx
Spark: Take Your Business From Struggle to Significance
by David A. Hilton Alexander HiltonHave you ever dreamed of running your own business? Or are you running your own business and wondering how to grow it to the next level? If so, "Spark" was written especially for you. "Spark" will pull you out of the details and enable you to see the business journey from a higher perspective---a perspective that shows you where you are in the journey of the business. You will see that the challenges are just that: challenges, not insurmountable problems."Spark" tells the story of the journey that gets you from here to there. From an idea to execution. It points out, in context, the lessons that everyone who wants to be successful in business must learn. Using the information in this book, you can learn and grow in the comfort of your living room where there is no cost to changing your mind or making a mistake."Spark" is a combination of a fast-paced novel with powerful, impactful and eminently executable business lessons. It is rare to find a business book that is this enjoyable to read while being power packed full of knowledge.Our hero, Jack, is about to learn all the lessons of business the hard way so that you don&’t have to.
Spark: The Insight to Growing Brands
by Paddy RangappaSpark addresses the important issue of growing bands in an increasingly competitive, crowded market place. Written by an expert in marketing, here is a book that demystifies the esoteric subject of brand-building. Spark achieves this by providing a practical framework. It handholds the reader through the various stages of brand-building—how to generate an insight to address a specific business challenge; how to construct a full business plan around it; and how to leverage such a plan for revenue growth. Rich in case-studies of successful global brands like Dove, McDonald’s and Vicks VapoRub, and replete with brainstorming tips and catchy acronyms for developing successful brand campaigns with ad agencies, Spark offers a lifeline to the professional committed to building and nurturing a powerful brand.
Sparked: Discover Your Unique Imprint for Work that Makes You Come Alive
by Jonathan FieldsDiscover your unique imprint for work that makes you come alive, fills you with meaning, joy, purpose, and possibility, then spend the rest of your life doing it.We&’re all born with a certain &“imprint&” for work that makes us come alive. This is your "Sparketype®," your DNA-level driver of work that lets you know, deep down, you&’re doing what you&’re here to do. Work that motivates you, fills you with purpose and, fully-expressed in a healthy way, becomes a main-line to meaning, flow, performance, and joy. Put another way, work that &“sparks&” you.Drawing upon years of research, experimentation, more than 25-million data-points generated by over half-a-million people, hundreds of deep-dive conversations with luminaries from science to art to industry and wellbeing. Award-winning author, serial wellness-industry founder, and host of the top-ranked Good Life Project®, Jonathan Fields, and his team at Spark Endeavors, developed the Sparketype imprints and methodology that is the basis of this book.SPARKED takes you deep into the world of the Sparketypes, revealing an entirely new depth of insights about what makes you come alive in work life, along with what empties you out and trips you up, so you can avoid those life-drains. You&’ll discover tons of case studies, stories, and real-world applications, creating a comprehensive guide to help you discover what you are meant to do and how to get started.This book will help you:Discover, with far more depth, what sparks you, what drains you, where you stumble and come alive, so you can reclaim a sense of direction, control, and purpose;Understand the &“real&” reasons certain experiences, jobs, and roles leave you empty and know how to make things better, without having to endure big disruptive changes;Learn from real-world, relatable stories, case-studies, and data-driven insightsIdentify the action steps to begin immediately transforming the way you work and live.
Sparking Creativity: How Play and Humor Fuel Innovation and Design
by Barry KudrowitzBlending popular culture and design theory, framed by a decade of scholarly research, this book highlights how play and humor fuel innovation. Now, more than ever, we are in need of creative solutions to global problems, but creative skills and abilities decline over time without intervention and practice. Sparking Creativity provides empirically supported methods for embracing the often-trivialized domains of play and humor to increase our creativity. It shows that topical examples, such as Seinfeld's humor, the Apples to Apples board game, and the Adventure Time cartoon series, are more closely related to innovation than you might first think. The book is organized into five main parts, each containing short, engaging subsections and informative, playful, and colorful illustrations to demonstrate concepts. Written in a humorous and accessible style, this book is aimed toward creative-minded entrepreneurs, designers, engineers, industry leaders, parents, educators, and students. It encourages a playful approach throughout a design process to produce truly innovative solutions.