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State Institutions, Private Incentives, Global Capital
by Andrew C. SobelThe growth of global finance since 1960 constitutes one of the most important transformations in social relations during the twentieth century. Using historical, statistical, and graphical techniques,State Institutions, Private Incentives, and Global Capitalexamines three important aspects of this phenomenal shift in the international political economy. First, Andrew Sobel explores the reawakening of the international financial markets, mapping their extraordinary transformation since the early 1960s and discussing the role of politics in that metamorphosis. The author then offers a fresh understanding of the systematic differences in access for borrowers in this rapidly transforming and expanding global capital pool. He then demonstrates the influence of political factors in producing differential access to the global capital pool. Showing how the character and stability of a country's political system affects investors's decisions to invest in that country, Sobel breaks new ground in understanding the basis for the frequent admonitions by the World Bank and others that a stable political and legal system are essential for states to attract significant foreign investment. With the growing debate about the effect of financial interdependence on the ability of states to conduct economic policy and indeed to preserve their independence in the face of unprecedented economic linkages, this book will be of interest to political scientists and economists as well as policy makers concerned with the impact of financial globalization and the causes of differentials in access to capital. Andrew C. Sobel is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Resident Fellow, Center in Political Economy, Washington University, St. Louis. He is the author ofDomestic Choices, International Markets: Dismantling National Barriers and Liberalizing Securities Markets.
State Mineral Enterprises: An Investigation into their Impact on International Mineral Markets (Routledge Revivals)
by Marian RadetzkiState ownership in mineral industries has increased massively from the 1950’s affecting the world mineral sector greatly. Originally published in 1985, this study analyses the effects this had on the international market covering topics such as state takeovers of mineral firms, price stabilisation methods, state-owned enterprises in developing countries and whether state ownership will negatively impact private multinational companies. This title will be of interest to students of environmental studies.
State Of The World 2012: Moving Toward Sustainable Prosperity
by The Worldwatch InstituteThis text, produced by the Worldwatch Institute, outlines the issues, concerns, and possibilities raised by the UN Conference on Sustainable Development, known as the Rio+20. The core issues for building a green economy are: degrowth in the developed nations; economic democracy; a shift from consumption-oriented renumeration to shortening work-time; pricing does not reward needless consumption of bulk-bought goods; shifting from obsolescence to durability, repairability and upgradability; curbing population growth and preserving biodiversity; sustainable and equitable food-systems; and local governance. As an international conference about sustainable development, the issues focus on building "a new global solidarity. " The authors rely on a mixture of planning and harnessing market forces. The text is laid out in teachable modules with sub-sections, graphs, and a minimum of math. The Worldwatch Institute is a think-tank and network of partners devoted to generating insights for decision-makers to make a sustainable human society. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
State Policies and Internal Migration: Studies in Market and Planned Economies (Routledge Revivals)
by A. S. OberaiFirst published in 1983, State Policies and Internal Migration presents a comprehensive overview of migration influencing policies and programmes in the developing countries. Population movements and the spatial distribution of population have become matters of vital concern in most developing countries. This ILO initiated research presents case studies from Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Nepal, and Poland to discuss themes like population distribution and development strategies; migration related policies and trends; transmigration and accumulation; population distribution policies and planned resettlement; and socio-economic development and rural-urban migration to understand state intervention in the promotion of capitalist or socialist development. This book is a must read for scholars and researchers of migration studies, economics, and labour economics.
State Policies and Migration: Studiesin Latin America and the Caribbean (Routledge Revivals)
by Guy Standing Peter PeekFirst published in 1982, State Policies and Migration is a study on migration-related government action. This book consists of analyses of various rural reforms and industrial strategies in eight Latin American and Caribbean countries. The emphasis of the studies has been determined by the particular context of the country or region concerned, but in general the studies fall into three categories. The first four chapters are primarily concerned with land reforms, however partial. The next two chapters focus on general industrialisation strategies, considering their impact on urbanisation and the attempts made to achieve population redistribution within the context of the longstanding process of industrialisation. Finally, the third section consists of two very different cases of attempts to alter population distribution in the context of transforming the socio-economic structure. This book will be of interest to students of economics, agriculture, history, public policy and migration studies.
State Policies and Techno-Industrial Innovation
by Ulrich HilpertBehind the rhetoric of `intervention' and `deregulation' which has accompanied state attempts to stimulate technological innovation in the last decade is secreted a story of failed ambitions, confusion, muddle and incoherence.Techno-industrial innovation does make demands on the state, not only in terms of new industries, but also in regard to the inter-relation of industrial and R&D policy and the creation of markets.This book provides a comparative analysis of techno-industrial innovation in Europe, Japan and the USA. Drawing on case studies ranging from the semi-conductor to the biotechnology industries, the book presents a comprehensive and detailed survey of national strategies for the internal and world markets and sets them in their political context, where `the costs may be high and the pay-offs uncertain'.
State Power and World Markets: The International Political Economy
by G. John Ikenberry Joseph M. GriecoProfessors Grieco and Ikenberry focus on the dynamic, reciprocal relationships between states and world markets, articulating the ways in which their interactions shape the world economy today.
State Reform and Development in the Middle East: Turkey and Egypt in the Post-Liberalization Era (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Economies)
by Amr AdlyThe economies of Turkey and Egypt, remarkably similar until the early 1980s, have since taken divergent paths. Turkey has successfully implemented a policy of export led industrialisation whilst Egypt’s manufacturing industry and exports have stagnated. In this book, Amr Adly uses extensive primary research to present detailed comparisons of Turkey’s and Egypt’s state administrative and private sector capacities and links between the two. The conclusion the author draws is that the external contexts for both were so alike that this cannot account for their diverging paths. Instead, the author suggests a counterintuitive yet compelling explanation; that a democratic polity is far more likely than an authoritarian one to engender a successful developmental state. Emerging in the wake of the January revolution in Egypt, when hopes for democratisation were raised, this book provides a fresh perspective on the topical subject of state reform and development in the Middle East and will be of interest to students and scholar alike.
State Space Grids
by Tom HollensteinHuman development from birth through adulthood is a complex interplay of many interacting forces. Children's internal processes are manifest in behaviors that are sculpted by their experiences, most notably with primary caregivers. Because the discipline of psychology explores human behavior and cognition, the techniques employed for developmental analysis must be able to describe, depict, and quantify these complex processes. State Space Grids provides the framework, basic method, rationale, and advanced techniques for translating the behavior of children, adolescents, and parents into visible, traceable data. This seminar-between-covers takes readers step by step from conceptualization through implementation of projects, with examples from a range of current research within and outside child development. Links are included for the GridWare software program and related user resources. And although state space grids need not be used only to analyze dynamic systems, they serve as an excellent tool for honing systemic thinking. Key coverage in this volume includes: Dynamic systems and the origins of state space grids. The state of research using state space grids. Introducing GridWare and how it works. How to use state space grids, from idea through finished project. Within-grid and between-grid analysis. Conducting advanced analysis. State Space Grids is an essential reference for researchers across such disciplines as psychology, neuroscience, economics, computer science, and agricultural science.
State Street Corporation
by William E. FruhanState Street Corp. reports a 13% gain in EPS in 2008 amidst a global financial crisis. The stock price declines 59% on the day of the earnings report. This one day decline was exceeded in the prior 12 month period by only one non-bankrupt S&P 500 company. That company was AIG, Inc. which declined 61 % on the day Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy. While State Street reported $5.0 billion in profits over the 4-year period 2005-2008, the company also sustained $10.0 billion in after tax mark-to-market losses on its "available for sale" investment portfolio and the investment portfolios of its conduits. The question is, how has the firm performed over the past four years? Has it earned $5.0 billion or lost $5.0 billion? Fair value accounting plays a key role in the dilemma. How should a financial services firm measure and report income in the face of disorderly and illiquid markets for its principal assets? The case also examines how management at State Street responded to the deterioration in its capital ratios generated by "fair value" accounting.
State Street: The Development and Growth of SHE
by Vikram Gandhi"When Sonya Park, Senior Relationship Manager at State Street Global Advisors (SSGA), thought about the last six months, she felt a sense of pride. On March 8, 2016 (Women’s Day), SSGA had launched the SSGA Gender Diversity Index ETF (Ticker: SHE), one of the first of its kind. SHE was based on a proprietary Gender Diversity Index created by SSGA that was designed to track the performance of U.S. large capitalization companies that were leading their industry in placing women on boards of directors and in senior leadership positions. As of August 17, 2016, the ETF had $280 million in assets and held 186 companies."
State Street—The Development and Growth of SHE
by Vikram GandhiState Street—The Development and Growth of SHE by Vikram Gandhi
State Tax Systems: Policy Making for Fiscal Stability
by Yuhua QiaoState governments are responsible for most of the direct domestic spending that affects the well-being of their citizens. Fiscal stability, important for state governments to serve the public, is influenced by both state tax systems and spending programs. This important new book explores how states’ tax systems have changed, particularly in the aftermath of the Great Recession, why changes were made, and how these policies contributed to state fiscal stability. Author Yuhua Qiao examines tax systems, including state personal income tax, corporate income tax, sales and use tax, fuel tax, healthcare provider tax, and sin taxes. As fiscal stability largely depends on a tax system with a broad base and diverse sources, this book pays special attention to how changes affect the tax base, as well as the challenges and opportunities states face in broadening it.Case studies within the book provide a rich discussion about the context under which a tax reform is adopted as well as its repercussions. The first book dedicated to a comprehensive examination of tax policy changes at the state level since the Great Recession, State Tax Systems: Policy Making for Fiscal Stability will help state government officials, public finance scholars, and students gain a better understanding of a given tax policy’s impact on state fiscal health over the long term.
State Taxation Policy and Economic Growth
by Michael BarkerThis volume discusses the problems of state governments in coping with contemporary issues of redesigning taxation policies to encourage economic growth.
State Trading in the Twenty-First Century
by Thomas Cottier Petros C. MavroidisThe University of Michigan Press is pleased to announce the first volume in an annual series, The World Trade Forum. The Forum's members include scholars, lawyers, and government and business practitioners working in the area of international trade, law, and policy. They meet annually and discuss integration issues in international economic relations, focusing on a new theme each year. The central topic of the first World Trade Forum is state trading. To what extent has trade liberalization, as we have experienced it over the last fifty years, affected property ownership? Contributors to the 1998 World Trade Forum explore this question, examining both state practice and the regulatory framework. Their discussions are divided into three parts: Part 1 looks at the World Trade Organization's legal framework for state trading enterprises, taking on such issues as monopolies and state enterprises, the WTO Antidumping Agreement and the economies in transition, and relationship of state trading and the Government Purchasing Act. Part 2 deals with regional experiences in state trading (for the EC, United States, Canada, Japan, China, and Russia). Part 3 examines conceptual issues such as auctions as a trade policy instrument and rule-making alternatives for entities with exclusive rights. The conclusion synthesizes the foregoing chapters in discussing the reach of modern international trade law. Contributors are Frederick Abbott, Ichiro Araki, Christian Bach, Jacques H. J. Bourgeois, Thomas Cottier, William J. Davey, Vladimir Dbrentsov, Toni Haniotis, Bernard M. Hoekman, Gary Horlick, Henrik Horn, Robert Howse, Patrick Low, Will Martin, Mitsuo Matsushita, Petros Mavroidis, Aaditya Mattoo, Patrick Messerlin, Constantine Michalopoulos, Kristin Heim Mowry, Stilpon Nestor, Damien Neven, N. David Palmeter, Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, André Sapir, Diane P. Wood, and Werner Zdouc. Petros Mavroidis is Professor of Law, University of Neuchatel. Thomas Cottier is Professor of Law, Institute of European and International Economic Law, University of Bern Law School.
State Transformations in OECD Countries
by Heinz Rothgang Steffen SchneiderThe democratic nation state of the post-war era has undergone major transformations since the 1970s, and political authority has been both internationalized and privatized. The thirteen chapters of this edited collection deal with major transformations of governance arrangements and state responsibilities in the countries of the OECD world. A unified conceptual and explanatory framework is used to describe trajectories of state change, to explain the internationalization or privatization of responsibilities in the resource, law, legitimacy and welfare dimensions of the democratic nation state, and to probe the state's role in the today's post-national constellation of political authority. As the contributions show, an unravelling of state authority has indeed occurred, but the state nevertheless continues to play a key role in emerging governance arrangements. Hence it is not merely a 'victim' of globalization and other driving forces of change.
State Voter Registration Databases: Immediate Actions And Future Improvements
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesThe Help America Vote Act of 2002 requires the states to develop a single, computerized voter registration data base (VRD) that is defined, maintained, and administered at the state level. To help the states with this task, the U.S. Election Assistance Commission asked the NRC to organize a series of workshops and prepare an interim report addressing the challenges in implementing and maintaining state VRDs. The EAC also asked the NRC to advise the states on how to evolve and maintain the databases so that they can share information with each other. This report provides an examination of various challenges to the deployment of state VRDs and describes potential solutions to these challenges. This interim report’s primary focus is on shorter-term recommendations although a number of long-range recommendations are presented. The final report will elaborate on the long-range questions and address considerations about interstate interoperability of the VRDs.
State Work: Public Administration and Mass Intellectuality
by Stefano HarneyAn innovative contribution to political theory, State Work examines the labor of government workers in North America. Arguing that this work needs to be theorized precisely because it is vital to the creation and persistence of the state, Stefano Harney draws on thinking from public administration and organizational sociology, as well as poststructuralist theory and performance studies, to launch a cultural studies of the state. Countering conceptions of the government and its employees as remote and inflexible, Harney uses the theory of mass intellectuality developed by Italian worker-theorists to illuminate the potential for genuine political progress inherent within state work. State Work begins with an ethnographic account of Harney's work as a midlevel manager within an Ontario government initiative charged with leading the province's efforts to combat racism. Through readings of material such as The X-Files and Law & Order, Harney then reviews how popular images of the state and government labor are formed within American culture and how these ideas shape everyday life. He highlights the mutually dependent roles played in state work by the citizenry and civil servants. Using as case studies Al Gore's National Partnership for Reinventing Government and a community-policing project in New York City, Harney also critiques public management literature and performance measurement theories. He concludes his study with a look at the motivations of state workers.
State and Capitalist Development in India: A Political Economy Perspective
by Prashant K. Trivedi Surinder Kumar C. S. VermaThis book seeks to encourage dialectical methods through the interaction of economic, political and social factors to approach social analysis. It examines various emerging issues in society in the era of globalization. The issues raised in the critique will benefit scholars in comprehending social reality with a new perspective and approach. This book will help policymakers look at more realistic conclusions for policy making. This title is co-published with Aakar Books. Print editions not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Bhutan)
State and Corporate Management of Region’s Development in the Conditions of the Digital Economy (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)
by Yakhya G. Buchaev Salikhbek G. Abdulmanapov Arsen S. Abdulkadyrov Arutyun A. KhachaturyanThis edited book presents scientific and practical recommendations for the successful state and corporate management of regional development under the conditions of the digital economy. These conditions have produced a number of changes. On the one hand, new aspects of regional economies, which require management, are emerging, above all, digital technologies that have to be understood by the population, employees in the labor market, and regional companies. On the other hand, new opportunities for improving practices in the state and corporate management of regional development on the basis of digital technologies are also emerging: e-government systems, digital marketing, online trade, “smart” regions, etc. This book provides an overview of the leading digital technologies and demonstrates how they can be used to improve modern practices in the state and corporate management of regional development in the digital economy. The authors develop the conceptual foundations and put forward practical recommendations. In closing, the authors’ conclusions and recommendations are applied to the example of modern Russia, ensuring the practical relevance of the research.
State and Economic Development in Africa
by Aaron TesfayeThis book critically assesses the impact of Ethiopia's policy of Agriculture Development Led Industrialization. Employing qualitative and quantitative analysis, it presents empirical evidence suggesting persistent economic growth. The research highlights improvements in infrastructure, health care, education, poverty alleviation as well reductions in infant mortality rate. The impact of this economic growth has however had led to only slight improvements in the plight of the poor. The author argues that, while significant steps have been achieved with measurable economic gains, there are still undeniable obstacles within the federal system: prevailing patron-client relationships, constraints on state capacity to efficiently and effectively implement policy, and bureaucratic rent-seeking in the provision of public goods. The author concludes that these problems will have to be resolved before Ethiopia's political economy can achieve the stage of sustainable development
State and Enterprise: Legal Issues in the Global Market
by Federico Pernazza Maria Rosaria MauroThis book addresses the regulation of the State/Enterprise relationship in the framework of international economic context. It analyzes this relationship from the discrete perspectives of conflict, cooperation, and integration in contributions by authors representing a diverse range of legal cultures and political backgrounds.The topic is investigated following three approaches:• State versus Enterprise (the State which bans, restricts, or regulates the activities of Enterprises, both domestic and foreign);• Enterprise versus State (the Enterprises, main actors of commercial, industrial or financial initiatives, which may directly or indirectly affect the legal and economic structure of the State);• State as Enterprise and Enterprise as State (public Enterprises under political control that pursue geopolitical goals, and Enterprises that rely on the political, financial, and strategic support of the State for their business expansion).Furthermore, the volume includes a special focus on the relationship State/Enterprise in non-capitalist economies (China, Russia, and Cuba).
State and Local Pensions
by Alicia H. MunnellIn the wake of the financial crisis and Great Recession, the health of state and local pension plans has emerged as a front burner policy issue. Elected officials, academic experts, and the media alike have pointed to funding shortfalls with alarm, expressing concern that pension promises are unsustainable or will squeeze out other pressing government priorities. A few local governments have even filed for bankruptcy, with pensions cited as a major cause.Alicia H. Munnell draws on both her practical experience and her research to provide a broad perspective on the challenge of state and local pensions. She shows that the story is big and complicated and cannot be viewed through a narrow prism such as accounting methods or the role of unions.By examining the diversity of the public plan universe, Munnell debunks the notion that all plans are in trouble. In fact, she finds that while a few plans are basket cases, many are functioning reasonably well.Munnell's analysis concludes that the plans in serious trouble need a major overhaul. But even the relatively healthy plans face three challenges ahead: an excessive concentration of plan assets in equities; the risk that steep benefit cuts for new hires will harm workforce quality; and the constraints plans face in adjusting future benefits for current employees. Here, Munnell proposes solutions that preserve the main strengths of state and local pensions while promoting needed reforms.
State and Local Pensions
by Alicia H. MunnellIn the wake of the financial crisis and Great Recession, the health of state and local pension plans has emerged as a front burner policy issue. Elected officials, academic experts, and the media alike have pointed to funding shortfalls with alarm, expressing concern that pension promises are unsustainable or will squeeze out other pressing government priorities. A few local governments have even filed for bankruptcy, with pensions cited as a major cause.Alicia H. Munnell draws on both her practical experience and her research to provide a broad perspective on the challenge of state and local pensions. She shows that the story is big and complicated and cannot be viewed through a narrow prism such as accounting methods or the role of unions.By examining the diversity of the public plan universe, Munnell debunks the notion that all plans are in trouble. In fact, she finds that while a few plans are basket cases, many are functioning reasonably well.Munnell's analysis concludes that the plans in serious trouble need a major overhaul. But even the relatively healthy plans face three challenges ahead: an excessive concentration of plan assets in equities; the risk that steep benefit cuts for new hires will harm workforce quality; and the constraints plans face in adjusting future benefits for current employees. Here, Munnell proposes solutions that preserve the main strengths of state and local pensions while promoting needed reforms.