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The Development of Cities in Northern and Central Italy: During the Renaissance (Routledge Revivals)
by Paul N. BalchinOriginally published in 2019, this book provides a comprehensive account of a formative historical period, uniquely describing Renaissance architecture as the physical manifestation of political and economic change. The book illustrates how shifts in architectural style and design were paralleled with Northern and Central Italy’s external and internal conflicts, the evolution of urban and regional government, and economic and demographic growth. Covering the full extent of the Renaissance period, Balchin charts the era’s medieval roots and its transformation into Mannerist and Baroque tendencies. He demonstrates how developments in architecture and planning were inextricably linked to political and economic power, and how these relationships shifted from city to city over time.
The Development of Component-based Information Systems (Advances In Management Information Systems Ser.)
by Sergio de Cesare Mark Geoffrey Lycett Robert MacredieThis work provides a comprehensive overview of research and practical issues relating to component-based development information systems (CBIS). Spanning the organizational, developmental, and technical aspects of the subject, the original research included here provides fresh insights into successful CBIS technology and application. Part I covers component-based development methodologies and system architectures. Part II analyzes different aspects of managing component-based development. Part III investigates component-based development versus commercial off-the-shelf products (COTS), including the selection and trading of COTS products.
The Development of Consumer Credit in Global Perspective
by Jan LogemannThis volume brings together historians, economists, political scientists, and anthropologists to present a global perspective on the new forms of lending and borrowing that have become a key feature of twentieth-century mass consumer societies, emphasizing comparative and transnational historical perspectives.
The Development of Corporate Governance in Japan and Britain (Explorations In Asia Pacific Business Economics Ser.)
by Etsuo AbeThe topic of 'corporate governance' attracts the interest of commentators, policy makers and academics due to its focus on major differences between national business systems and their performance. Yet many works engage in generalizations, and fail to appreciate the realities and circumstances of its long-term evolution. Comparative study is used in this book to analyse national, legal, cultural and industry-specific contexts and the broad range of key factors contributing to the emergence of business institutions. Historical insight into the origins of corporate governance systems and the impact of institutional legacy is used to unravel development pathways in Japan and Britain. The book is the result of genuine international cooperation between established Japanese and British business historians and management academics.
The Development of Deep Learning Technologies: Research on the Development of Electronic Information Engineering Technology in China
by Chinese Academy of EngineeringThis book is a part of the Blue Book series “Research on the Development of Electronic Information Engineering Technology in China,” which explores the cutting edge of deep learning studies. A subfield of machine learning, deep learning differs from conventional machine learning methods in its ability to learn multiple levels of representation and abstraction by using several layers of nonlinear modules for feature extraction and transformation. The extensive use and huge success of deep learning in speech, CV, and NLP have led to significant advances toward the full materialization of AI. Focusing on the development of deep learning technologies, this book also discusses global trends, the status of deep learning development in China and the future of deep learning.
The Development of Double Entry: Selected Essays (Routledge Library Editions: Accounting)
by Christopher NobesThis compilation concerns account books, not books on accounting. Most of the essays analyse the account book(s) of a single person or business. In each case the account book(s) demonstrate the presence of, at least, elements of double entry. The essays come in pairs, beginning with Geoffrey Lee’s paper on Florentine bank ledger fragments of 1211, some of the earliest relics of Italian bookkeeping. Subsequent papers trace the development of double entry over the centuries until 1786 when full double entry was achieved. There are papers from the UK and USA which illustrate the use of balance sheets, valuation techniques and the accruals convention as well as papers which analyse the causes of the development of double entry, using the evidence of others.
The Development of E-governance in China: Improving Cybersecurity and Promoting Informatization as Means for Modernizing State Governance (Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path)
by Ping Du Shiyang Yu Daoling YangThis book figures out that network security and informatization have entered a development stage of greater permeation and deeper integration into all aspects of the economy and society. In particular since the 2008 financial crisis, the world’s major economies have placed a strategic focus on network security and informatization in order to seek out new growth points, alleviate energy and ecological pressures, improve living standards, and improve social governance through new technological transformations in fields such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things, mobile internet, big data, smart cities, and a wave of applications. The effects on the economy and society have emerged and will continue to make significant progress. Based on China’s stage of new urbanization, industrialization, informatization, and agricultural modernization and major characteristics, as well as the intrinsic need for synchronized development, this book encourages society to accelerate the pace of development, expand the scope of work and promote informatization and the comprehensive, coordinated, effective linking and deep integration of informatization with all areas of the economy and society.
The Development of Economics in Japan: From the Inter-war Period to the 2000s (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics #161)
by Toichiro AsadaThis book covers the development of economics in Japan from the inter-war period to the 2000s focusing on the international theoretical contributions of Japanese economists. The first focal point is the international contributions of Japanese economists before and after World War II. The second focal point is the controversies concerning macroeconomic policies in Japan in the period of the ‘Great Depressions’ in the 1930s and the period of Japanese ‘Great Stagnation’ in the 1990s and the early 2000s. In short, economics in Japan is considered from both a theoretical and a policy-oriented point of view. The intimate relationship between economic theory, thought and policy is also fully examined, as well as the development of both academic and non-academic (practical) Japanese economics and the influence of Marx, Walras, Keynes, Fisher and Cassell.
The Development of Economics in Western Europe Since 1945 (Routledge Studies in the History of Economics)
by A.W.Bob CoatsAre there distinct European traditions in economics? Is modern economics homogenous and American?The volume includes case studies of the UK, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Greece. Each of these examines the conditions relating to the supply of, and demand for, economists. These include: the growth of higher education, the development of postgraduate training in economics, international linkages, both within Europe and outside it, economic ideas and professionalization, and involvement in economic policy-making and public affairs.Whilst each chapter is attentive to particular national features, they also place the development of economics in the context of the postwar movement towards European integration.
The Development of European Competition Policy: Social Democracy and Regulation (Routledge Explorations in Economic History)
by Sigfrido M. Ramírez Pérez Brian ShaevThis book considers a central issue of our time: the relationship between the macroeconomic objectives of political parties in democratic countries and the legal framework of market economies. The impressive panel of contributors examines social-democratic policies on cartels, market concentration and competition in different European countries, spanning a hundred-year period (specifically the interwar period, the initial postwar period, the 1960s and 1970s, the 1980s and 1990s, and the 2000s).This thought-provoking volume challenges the dominant belief that the EU’s economic system and competition policy were mainly influenced by neoliberal economic thinking, instead showing that Keynesian and social-democratic positions played a major role in the emergence of this system.It will be valuable reading for advanced students, researchers and policymakers interested in modern economic history, industrial organization, political economy, European legal history and political science.
The Development of High Technology Industries: An International Survey (Routledge Library Editions: The Economics and Business of Technology #9)
by Michael J. Breheny Ronald McQuaidThis book, originally published in 1988, reviews the development of high technology industries at global and selected national and local levels, providing a unique insight into reasons for and consequences of such modern industrial development. It appraises government policies for assisting the development of this sector and focuses on the fact that high tech industry tends to be concentrated in particular regions of countries which attain the status of 'successful populations'. High technology industry seems to offer little benefit to declining manufacturing areas and the book offers explanations for these regional concentrations and assesses the likely consequences.
The Development of Industrial Relations in Britain, 1911–1939: Studies in the Evolution of Collective Bargaining at National and Industry Level (Routledge Library Editions: Industrial Relations)
by Rodger CharlesThe Development of Industrial Relations in Britain (1973) examines the evolution of the central institution of the British industrial relations system – collective bargaining. This book traces changes to collective bargaining, and therefore industrial relations, through the most significant joint attempts made by trade unionists and employers to understand and improve it. These attempts were through the Industrial Council (1911–13), the Whitley Committee, Report and Scheme (1916–39), the National Industrial Conference (1919–21) and the Conference on Industrial Reorganisation and Industrial Relations (1928–9).
The Development of Integrated Sea Use Management (Routledge Advances in Maritime Research)
by Hance D. Smith Adalberto VallegaFirst published in 1991. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Development of Intellectual Property Regimes in the Arabian Gulf States: Infidels at the Gates (Routledge Research in Intellectual Property)
by David Price Alhanoof AlDebasiThis book examines the development of national legislative regimes for the protection of intellectual property rights in the Arabian Gulf states: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. David Price analyses IP rights in these states in the context of WTO membership, and consequent compliance with the requirements of the WTO’s TRIPS Agreement. The challenges of domestic enforcement of the states’ IP laws receive critical attention. A particular focus of the book is on foreign forces which have shaped or influenced the character of the states’ IP protection regimes. It includes commentary on the contribution of foreign states, the WTO and WIPO in the pre-TRIPS and TRIPS compliance stages, and the US bilateral trade strategy for pursuing IP protection standards that exceed those enshrined in TRIPS, and the impact of these forces upon the states’ enforcement performance. The role of the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) and the Special 301 provisions as a powerful tool in the US’ bilateral strategy receives particular attention. The intellectual property laws of these states have been developed virtually in the span of a single generation, and the process of change is continuing. As such, this book will interest practitioners both in and outside of the region, and those with an interest in intellectual property law, comparative law, Middle East legal systems and affairs, and international trade.
The Development of International Banking in Asia (Studies in Economic History)
by Takeshi Nishimura Ayumu SugawaraTo provide an understanding of financial globalization from a historical point of view, this book sheds light on international banking in Asia before World War II. International banking facilitated the relationship between Asian economic development and international financial centres. Focusing on the origins of a wide variety of banks not just from Europe but beyond Europe, such as the United States and Asia, particularly Japan and China, this book comprehensively explores competition and collaboration among international banks in Asia. It clarifies international banking’s role of integrating the global market and the impact on both ends of the global economy—the international financial centres in the developed world and the developing economies in Asia. Economic development in Asia from the late nineteenth century to the 1930s as a part of the globalizing economy mirrors Asia’s current role as the global economic-growth powerhouse. This book focuses on the two key similarities between Asia’s past and present: intra-Asian relationships and the relationship between Asia and developed economies, namely, Europe, the United States, and Japan. Getting into the heart of the relationships, i.e., finance, this book presents a sophisticated and realistic image of the tangled network of international economic relations, distinguished from the conventional image of a one-sided advantage or disadvantage among involved nations.
The Development of International Insurance (Financial History #15)
by Robin PearsonDespite their economic and social importance, there are relatively few book-length studies of national insurance industries. This collection of nine essays by a group of international experts redresses this balance; providing an extensive geographical and thematic spread, linked via an extensive introduction.
The Development of International Monetary Policy (Routledge International Studies in Money and Banking)
by Christopher E.S. WarburtonThe Development of International Monetary Policy traces the development of international monetary policy from mercantilism to quantitative easing. It has been structured to present some of the pressing issues in international monetary relations involving currency valuation, inflation, exchange rates, and regional monetary policy. Additionally, it presents international monetary law as a basis for understanding the concept of monetary sovereignty and the limits of state autonomy in an interdependent world of legal arrangements. The book revisits some controversial arguments about stagflation and expansionary monetary policy, and it uses current time series data and empirical evidence to show why theories about the trade-off between inflation and unemployment are not extinct. Part of the concluding argument indicates that it is imperative for the international community to have a structure for monetary dispute resolutions involving autonomous states. Notably, the author further concludes that fiat money will continue to be a dominant unit of account, more so than crypto-currencies, into the distant future. An accessible and practical read, this is book is a valuable resource for postgraduates, academics and researchers of international trade, finance and economics.
The Development of Iran’s Upstream Oil and Gas Industry: The Potential Role of New Concession Contracts (Routledge Research in Energy Law and Regulation)
by Mahmoud Fard KardelThis book critically examines different forms of petroleum contracts, the historical perspective of the oil and gas industry and the political economy of the petroleum development in Iran. In doing this, the author provides analysis of the concept of concession in oil and gas development. This is discussed through the main forms of concession contracts; namely, the classic concession contract (CCC) and the new concession contract (NCC). The book ties together much of the existing work on the history of oil and gas regulation in Iran and builds on that foundation to propose a coherent and balanced approach within the framework of the NCC. To consider the role of the NCC in developing national upstream oil and gas industry, comparative examples are drawn from countries currently using, or having previously used, NCC oil and gas contracts. The selected developed and developing countries are Brazil, Thailand, the United Kingdom, Australia and Norway. The analysis considers the extent to which the NCC has served to advance the objectives and national interests of the national governments in this industry. The book involves a comparative exploration of the utilisation of NCCs in other jurisdictions and synthesises a framework through which Iran may develop its underutilised oil and gas resources. Of interest to academics, students and practitioners throughout the world, this book focuses on the relevant aspects of Iran’s Constitution and natural resource laws and makes recommendations for law reform to Iran’s legal frameworks.
The Development of Japanese Business: 1600-1973 (Routledge Library Editions: Business And Economics In Asia Ser. #8)
by Johannes Hirschmeier Tusenehiko YuiFirst Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Development of Modern Industries in Bengal: ReIndustrialisation, 1858–1914 (Routledge Explorations in Economic History)
by Indrajit RayBengal’s traditional industries, once celebrated worldwide, largely decayed under the backwash effects of the British Industrial Revolution in the first half of the nineteenth century. Although colonial ambivalence is often cited as an explanation, this study also shows that a series of new industries emerged during this period. The book reappraises the thesis of India’s deindustrialisation and discusses the development status of the traditional industries in the early nineteenth century, examines their technology, employment opportunities and marketing and, finally, analyses the underlying reasons for their decay. It offers a study of how traditional industries evolved into modern enterprises in a British colony, and contributes to the broader discussion on the global history of industrialisation. This book will be of interest to scholars of Indian economic history as well as those who seek to understand the widespread effects of industrialisation, especially in a colonial context.
The Development of Natural Language Processing: Research on the Development of Electronic Information Engineering Technology in China
by China Info & Comm Tech Grp CorpThis book is a part of the Blue Book series “Research on the Development of Electronic Information Engineering Technology in China”, which explores the cutting edge of natural language processing (NLP) studies.The research objects of natural language processing are evolved from words, phrases, and sentences to text, and research directions are from language analysis, language understanding, language generation, knowledge graphs, machine translation, to deep semantic understanding, and beyond. This is in line with the development trend of applications. And for another typical NLP application machine translation, from text translation, to voice and image translation, now simultaneous interpretation, progress of technology makes the application of machine translation deeper and wider into diverse industries.This book is intended for researchers and industrial staffs who have been following the current situation and future trends of the natural language processing. Meanwhile, it also bears high value of reference for experts, scholars, and technical and engineering managers of different levels and different fields.
The Development of Non-Financial Reporting: The Role of Sustainability Reporting and Integrated Reporting in Corporate Strategy
by Valentina MinutielloThis Book examines the topic of non-financial reporting, focusing on the two main types of reporting: Sustainability Reporting (SR) and Integrated Reporting (IR). It includes an overview of the research, with the aim of highlighting the diversity of approaches used by researchers as well as the multiplicity of facets that concern non-financial reporting. The chapters address the main macro-themes related to non-financial disclosure and attributable to the following categories: 1. The factors that influence the quality of non-financial reports; 2. The different types of non-financial disclosure (such as, for example, Circular Economy disclosure or Intellectual Capital Disclosure); 3. The motivations behind the adoption of non-financial communication, explained, for example, according to the legitimacy theory as the need for companies to improve or restore their reputation on the market. For each category, the volume provides examples of studies and starts the discussion for further necessary insights.
The Development of Professional Management: Training, Consultancy, and Management Theory in Industrial History (Routledge Focus on Industrial History)
by Ian Jones John F. Wilson Steven TomsThis shortform book presents key peer-reviewed research selected by expert series editors and contextualised by new analysis from each author on the development of professional management. With contributions on consultancy and training consultants, Taylorism and its appeal to socialists, the social position of managers, and the growth of the managerial class. Of interest to business and economic historians, this shortform book also provides analysis and illustrative case-studies that will be valuable reading across the social sciences.
The Development of Service Economy
by Zhenhua ZhouThis book focuses on service economy development, particularly on how an industrial economy evolves into a service economy. The book is organized in three sections: The first theoretically answers the general question "what is the service economy?" The second explains the mechanism of the service economy's formation and development, revealing the evolution trends and attempts to answer the question "where does the service economy come from?" The third section includes an in-depth analysis of Chinese case studies to answer the key question "how can the service economy development be promoted?" Readers will discover what the service economy is and how it relates to and differs from the industrial economy. More importantly, it will provide policy-makers with suggestions for how to promote service-economy development.
The Development of Trade Unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880-1914 (Routledge Library Editions: The German Economy #11)
by Wolfgang J. Mommsen Hans-Gerhard HusungThis stimulating collection of essays by distinguished British, American, Australian and German scholars, originally published in 1985, offers a picture of the upsurge of New Unionism and the growth of old unions, and looks at the severe setbacks which occurred in the labour movements of Britain and Germany between the 1880s and the First World War. Labour history is seen from a European perspective and special emphasis is placed on the role of the state in Britain and Germany in its desire to contain and suppress trade union activity by law or force. Insights are provided into the political allegiances of the unions and their members to the parties of the working class and the state.