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The Devil's Playbook: Big Tobacco, Juul, and the Addiction of a New Generation
by Lauren EtterBig Tobacco meets Silicon Valley in this corporate exposé of what happened when two of the most notorious industries collided—and the vaping epidemic was born.&“The best business book I&’ve read since Bad Blood.&”—Jonathan Eig, New York Times bestselling author of Ali: A Life Howard Willard lusted after Juul. As the CEO of tobacco giant Philip Morris&’s parent company and a veteran of the industry&’s long fight to avoid being regulated out of existence, he grew obsessed with a prize he believed could save his company—the e-cigarette, a product with all the addictive upside of the original without the same apparent health risks and bad press. Meanwhile, in Silicon Valley, Adam Bowen and James Monsees began working on a device that was meant to save lives and destroy Big Tobacco, but they ended up baking the industry&’s DNA into their invention&’s science and marketing. Ultimately, Juul&’s e-cigarette was so effective and so market-dominating that it put the company on a collision course with Philip Morris and sparked one of the most explosive public health crises in recent memory. In a deeply reported account, award-winning journalist Lauren Etter tells a riveting story of greed and deception in one of the biggest botched deals in business history. Etter shows how Philip Morris&’s struggle to innovate left Willard desperate to acquire Juul, even as his own team sounded alarms about the startup&’s reliance on underage customers. And she shows how Juul&’s executives negotiated a lavish deal that let them pocket the lion&’s share of Philip Morris&’s $12.8 billion investment while government regulators and furious parents mounted a campaign to hold the company&’s feet to the fire.The Devil&’s Playbook is the inside story of how Juul&’s embodiment of Silicon Valley&’s &“move fast and break things&” ethos wrought havoc on American health, and how a beleaguered tobacco company was seduced by the promise of a new generation of addicted customers. With both companies&’ eyes on the financial prize, neither anticipated the sudden outbreak of vaping-linked deaths that would terrorize a nation, crater Juul&’s value, end Willard&’s career, and show the costs in human life of the rush to riches—while Juul&’s founders, board members, and employees walked away with a windfall.
The Devil's Riches: A Modern History of Greed
by Jared PoleyA seeming constant in the history of capitalism, greed has nonetheless undergone considerable transformations over the last five hundred years. This multilayered account offers a fresh take on an old topic, arguing that greed was experienced as a moral phenomenon and deployed to make sense of an unjust world. Focusing specifically on the interrelated themes of religion, economics, and health-each of which sought to study and channel the power of financial desire-Jared Poley shows how evolving ideas about greed became formative elements of the modern experience.
The Dhandho Investor
by Mohnish PabraiA comprehensive value investing framework for the individual investor In a straightforward and accessible manner, The Dhandho Investor lays out the powerful framework of value investing. Written with the intelligent individual investor in mind, this comprehensive guide distills the Dhandho capital allocation framework of the business savvy Patels from India and presents how they can be applied successfully to the stock market. The Dhandho method expands on the groundbreaking principles of value investing expounded by Benjamin Graham, Warren Buffett, and Charlie Munger. Readers will be introduced to important value investing concepts such as "Heads, I win! Tails, I don't lose that much!," "Few Bets, Big Bets, Infrequent Bets," Abhimanyu's dilemma, and a detailed treatise on using the Kelly Formula to invest in undervalued stocks. Using a light, entertaining style, Pabrai lays out the Dhandho framework in an easy-to-use format. Any investor who adopts the framework is bound to improve on results and soundly beat the markets and most professionals.
The Dharma and Socially Engaged Buddhist Economics (Studies in Buddhist Economics, Management, and Policy)
by Joel MagnusonThis book defends and articulates an “Engaged Buddhist” approach to economics as a response to the destructive effects of global capitalism. The author posits that Buddhist understandings of the distortions of greed, aversion, and ignorance can be read to apply not only to mental states but also to socio-political ones, and that such a reading suggests rational responses to current social and environmental challenges. The book proposes that we engage both “inner and outer” modes of transformation through which to free ourselves from our current human-made, dysfunctional systems: the former, by examining the workings of our own minds, the latter by criticizing and reforming our economic systems. Since traditional Buddhism provides few sources to build a Buddhist economic vision, this work brings together Buddhist notions of skillful practice, John Dewey’s pragmatic principles for social provisioning, and institutional economics. The author provides two case studies for experiments in Buddhist-based socioeconomic policies, Thailand and Bhutan. Of special interest is the implied parallel between worldviews emerging from modern socially-engaged Buddhism and Dewey’s notion of a human existential drive to shape the world in collectively beneficial ways.
The Dharma of Fashion: A Buddhist Approach to Our Life with Clothes
by Otto von BuschOur desires for fashion, our addiction to cheap clothes, our fixation on surface looks . . . can we find ways to make what we wear more positive? Here's a quirky, irreverent way to consider what's a more sustainable way to be with—and still enjoy—fashion. This little book shows that fashion isn't shallow but connects us to the depths of existence. Especially today, fashion can tell us something about life, and this series of meditations and conversations between fashion "hacktivist" von Busch and Buddhist teacher Josh Korda shows how a Buddhist perspective on fashion can help us engage with clothes in wiser ways. It may seem a Buddhist approach to fashion would be about denying fashion and living an ascetic life in dull robes. However, Buddhism can teach us to be more present and take more pleasure in fashion. With practice and reflection, we can live a wiser life with the consumption of clothes. Includes "action exercises" to help put ideas into practice in your life and closet.
The Diabetes Textbook: Clinical Principles, Patient Management and Public Health Issues
by Joel Rodriguez-SaldanaDiabetes has become a worldwide health problem, the global estimated prevalence approaches ten percent and the burden of this disease in terms of morbidity and mortality is unprecedented. The advances acquired through the knowledge of the mechanisms of the disease and the variety of therapeutic approaches contrast with the inability of private and public health systems in underdeveloped and even developed countries to achieve the goals of treatment. This paradox has been described in many sources: the surge of scientific advances contrast with an unprecedented amount of human suffering. Thus, a patient centered and an evidence based approach with the capacity to produce measurable clinical and economic outcomes is required. The purpose of this textbook is multiple: to offer a comprehensive resource covering all aspects of outpatient management; to address diabetes as a health problem from an epidemiological, economic and clinical perspective; to discuss the role of social determinants of health on the worldwide increase in diabetes; to highlight the challenges and obstacles in providing adequate care; and to outline a multidisciplinary approach to management in which medical visits retain their importance as part of a team comprising the patient, his or her family and a multidisciplinary group of health professionals who are able to move beyond the traditional approach of diabetes as a disease and greatly improve outcomes.
The Dialectic Of Taste
by David MichalskiThe Dialectic of Taste provides a new way of thinking about the aesthetization of everyday life and the aesthetic economy. It configures taste as a kind of labor, one that is increasingly exploited in an economy geared to convert cultural capital to monetary value. This book examines the cultural fallout of this conversion. The movements of the dialectic of taste are illustrated through a study of Tuscan motifs in contemporary consumer culture. From this examination, a social process of Tuscanization is shown to take shape as a response to crises associated with McDonaldization. By applying a historical materialist approach to the interpretation of consumer culture, The Dialectic of Taste demonstrates how distorted images of beauty, trapped in everyday commodities, can come to represent collective social demands, and provoke social change. In doing so, this book provides a bold new trajectory for critical theory, cultural studies, and the sociology of taste.
The Dialectics of Democracy: Towards a Socialist Constitutionalism
by Dimitrios KivotidisThis book examines how the democratic form and the struggle for democracy reflects, influences and shapes the struggle for social emancipation.In the context of increased exploitation, rising inequality, and intensified struggle for social justice in the aftermath of the economic crisis, the channelling of populism through liberal democratic institutions has had contradictory effects: giving rise to both Corbyn and Brexit, Sanders and Trump, Syriza and the Golden Dawn, to name but a few. How can we make sense of these developments? In response, this book approaches the idea of democracy from a socialist constitutionalist standpoint and explores institutional forms and principles that challenge and aim at the transformation of the extant social order. This process involves the challenging of well-established ideas of the liberal viewpoint, as well as an unwavering focus on the issue of class rule which enables the highlighting of limitations of -not only mainstream but also heterodox- contemporary approaches to constitutionalism and democracy. Ultimately, democracy is conceived as a process of struggle for creating the conditions, material as well as intellectual, for its actualisation.This significant work of legal and political theory will be of considerable interest to those working in these areas to make sense of contemporary developments, and to further the causes of social justice and social emancipation.
The Diamond in the Rough: How to Keep Finding Your Best Competitive Position-as Market Dynamics Change
by Richard A. D'AveniSpotting a threat of commoditization-and taking preventative action-is a critical survival skill for your organization. At the same time, for those prepared to seize the day, commoditization can present opportunities as well as threats. How do you exploit these windows of opportunity? In this chapter Richard A. D'Aveni explores a different perspective on dealing with commodity traps-anticipating them so you can stake out an advantageous position. Specifically, he shows how organizations can use price-benefit analysis to understand shifts in competitive dynamics and positions, as well as to anticipate these shifts. Examples from a hotel restaurant and the real estate industry provide vivid and actionable examples of how organizations can put this analysis to work to vault over the commodity traps that threaten them. This chapter was originally published as Chapter 5 of Beating the Commodity Trap: How to Maximize Your Competitive Position and Increase Your Pricing Power.
The Diary of a CEO: The 33 Laws of Business and Life
by Steven BartlettA galvanizing playbook for success from Steven Bartlett, one of the world&’s most exciting entrepreneurs and the host of the No. 1 podcast The Diary of a CEO"This is a must-read for anyone dreaming of doing something audacious." Jay Shetty"Valuable lessons about the importance of following a different and unconventional path to power.&” Robert GreeneAt the very heart of all the success and failure I've been exposed to - both my own entrepreneurial journey and through the thousands of interviews I&’ve conducted on my chart-topping podcast - are a set of principles that ensure excellence.These fundamental laws underpinned my meteoric rise, and they will fuel yours too, whether you want to build something great or become someone great. The laws are rooted in psychology and behavioral science, in my own experiences, and those of the world's most successful entrepreneurs, entertainers, artists, writers, and athletes, who I&’ve interviewed on my podcast.These laws will stand the test of time and will help anyone master their life and unleash their potential, no matter the field.They are the secret sauce to success.
The Dichotomy of Leadership: Balancing the Challenges of Extreme Ownership to Lead and Win
by Jocko Willink Leif Babin<P><P>From the #1 New York Times bestselling authors of Extreme Ownership comes a new and revolutionary approach to help leaders recognize and attain the leadership balance crucial to victory. With their first book, Extreme Ownership (published in October 2015), Jocko Willink and Leif Babin set a new standard for leadership, challenging readers to become better leaders, better followers, and better people, in both their professional and personal lives. <P><P>Now, in THE DICHOTOMY OF LEADERSHIP, Jocko and Leif dive even deeper into the unchartered and complex waters of a concept first introduced in Extreme Ownership: finding balance between the opposing forces that pull every leader in different directions. Here, Willink and Babin get granular into the nuances that every successful leader must navigate. Mastering the Dichotomy of Leadership requires understanding when to lead and when to follow; when to aggressively maneuver and when to pause and let things develop; when to detach and let the team run and when to dive into the details and micromanage. In addition, every leader must:· <P><P>Take Extreme Ownership of everything that impacts their mission, yet utilize <P><P>Decentralize Command by giving ownership to their team. · <P><P>Care deeply about their people and their individual success and livelihoods, yet look out for the good of the overall team and above all accomplish the strategic mission. · <P><P>Exhibit the most important quality in a leader—humility, but also be willing to speak up and push back against questionable decisions that could hurt the team and the mission. <P><P>With examples from the authors’ combat and training experiences in the SEAL teams, and then a demonstration of how each lesson applies to the business world, Willink and Babin clearly explain THE DICHOTOMY OF LEADERSHIP—skills that are mission-critical for any leader and any team to achieve their ultimate goal: VICTORY. <P><b>A New York Times Bestseller</b>
The Dictionary of Body Language: A Field Guide to Human Behavior
by Joe NavarroFrom the world’s #1 body language expert* comes the essential book for decoding human behavior Joe Navarro has spent a lifetime observing others. For 25 years, as a Special Agent for the FBI, he conducted and supervised interrogations of spies and other dangerous criminals, honing his mastery of nonverbal communication. After retiring from the bureau, he has become a sought-after public speaker and consultant, and an internationally bestselling author. Now, a decade after his groundbreaking book What Every BODY is Saying, Navarro returns with his most ambitious work yet. The Dictionary of Body Language is a pioneering “field guide” to nonverbal communication, describing and explaining the more than 400 behaviors that will allow you to gauge anyone’s true intentions.Moving from the head down to the feet, Navarro reveals the hidden meanings behind the many conscious and subconscious things we do. Readers will learn how to tell a person’s actual feelings from subtle changes in their pupils; the lip behaviors that betray concerns or hidden information; the many different varieties of arm posturing, and what each one means; how the position of our thumbs when we stand akimbo reflects our mental state; and many other fascinating insights to help you both read others and change their perceptions of you.Readers will turn to The Dictionary Body Language again and again—a body language bible for anyone looking to understand what their boss really means, interpret whether a potential romantic partner is interested or not, and learn how to put themselves forward in the most favorable light.*GlobalGurus.com
The Dictionary of Corporate Bullshit: An A to Z Lexicon of Empty, Enraging, and Just Plain Stupid Office Talk
by Lois BeckwithThis caustically funny Webster's of the workplace cuts to the true meaning of the inane argot spouted in cubicles and conference rooms across the land. At a price even an intern can afford and in a handy paperback format that won't weigh down your messenger bag or briefcase, The Dictionary of Corporate Bullshit is a hilarious guide to the smoke-screen terms and passive-aggressive phrases we traffic in every day. Each entry begins with a straight definition followed by a series of alternative meanings that are, of course, what is really meant.Take, for example, the widely used, seemingly innocuous term brainstorming:1. to generate ideas as a group in an accepting environment and in a free-form manner2. a supposedly relaxed forum in which no idea is a bad idea - that is, until you generate a bad idea and are met with uncomfortable silence/looks that suggest you are retarded or really uncool/the feeling that you are about to be firedBeyond deciphering corporate commonplaces, you'll learn the PC term for secret Santa (Holiday Harry); why the Blackberry is "most commonly referred to as a 'Crackberry' due to its highly addictive nature"; and that when a co-worker says "Have a good night", they really mean: "this meaningless, seemingly interminable exchange of small talk is now over. I am no longer speaking to you, and will now flee this awkward social situation. Don't even think of asking which way I'm walking."Just remember to read this only at COB (close of business) to avoid being busted (caught idling by your boss).From the Trade Paperback edition.
The Dictionary of International Business Terms (Glenlake Business Reference Bks.)
by Jae K. Shim Joel G. Siegel Marc H. LevineThe diversity and complexity associated with the increasing globalization and integration of economies require a familiarity with information technology and terminologies associated with international business. The Dictionary of International Business Terms will be valuable to students and professionals in all areas of business who need to keep abreast of this rapidly changing environment. Over 2,000 terms are defined with examples, charts and illustrations. Additional key areas covered include: global accounting and taxation; exports and imports; global trade, law, and regulations; international organizations; international finance, banking, and investments; economic and business strategies; and management of multinational corporations.
The Die Broke Financial Problem Solver
by Stephen M. Pollan Mark LevineIf you're loosing sleep over your financial worries, help is here at last.Whether you're fretting over a mortgage that's been denied; a loan that's delayed; a marriage settlement that seems unfair; or a business that's struggling, this extraordinary book will not only help you rest easy, it will show you how to turn adversity into success. Here you'll learn the Pollan method for turning no into yes: how to determine your problem; how to make sure you're dealing with only one problem at a time; and how to create an environment of trust. With literally hundreds of scenarios to illustrate it's success, this unique and practical method will make you feel like you've got a coach, strategist, and motivator at your beck and call -- and will help you sleep well, knowing you're on the way to getting what you want.
The Difference Maker: Making Your Attitude Your Greatest Asset
by John C. MaxwellWhat can make the difference in your life today? How can twopeople with the same skills and abilities, in the same situation, end up withtwo totally different outcomes? Leadership expert John C. Maxwell says thedifference maker is attitude. For those who have ever wondered what may beseparating them from achieving the kind of personal and professional successthey've always dreamt of, Dr. Maxwell has some words of insight: "Your attitudecolors every aspect of your life. It is like the mind's paintbrush." In The Difference Maker, Maxwell shatters common myths aboutattitude--what it can do for you and what it can't. Showing you how to overcomethe five biggest attitude obstacles, Dr. Maxwell teaches the skills you need tomake attitude your biggest asset. Most importantly, you'll learn not only howto develop an attitude that will have a tremendous impact on career, family,and daily living, but also how to maintain that attitude for the rest of yourlife.
The Difference Makers: How Social and Institutional Entrepreneurs Created the Corporate Responsibility Movement
by Sandra WaddockIt is not often that we have the opportunity to hear from the early pioneers of a social movement about how it grew and evolved, but that is exactly what this book sets out to do. The Difference Makers tells the stories of 23 entrepreneurs who have been instrumental in developing corporate responsibility; offers an analysis of how CSR has emerged as a key business issue, why it has evolved so quickly, and the visions of its thought leaders.The book examines 23 of the key players who have been instrumental in developing the corporate responsibility movement. They include John Ruggie and the Global Compact, Allen White and the Global Reporting Initiative, John Elkington and SustainAbility, Simon Zadek and AccountAbility, Alice Tepper Marlin and Social Accountability International, Bob Dunn and Business for Social Responsibility, and Joan Bavaria and Ceres – along with many others. The Difference Makers is a history and detailed analysis of how corporate responsibility has emerged as a key political, social, and business issue, why it has evolved so quickly, and what the visions of its thought leaders are for the future. It is essential reading for academics, business people and all those interested in the future of the corporation.
The Difference: How Anyone Can Prosper in Even The Toughest Times
by Jean ChatzkyCan you really start from nothing and become truly secure financially?What's the difference between you and Warren Buffett? Between you and your boss? Or between you and your successful neighbor? What do the financially comfortable have that you don't? It's not that those people were born into money, caught a lucky break, or have an Ivy League education. It's not even that they are smarter than you or make more money than you do each year. So what do they have that you don't . . . at least not yet? What's The Difference?Trusted financial coach Jean Chatzky shares the secrets her groundbreaking research of the self-made wealthy has uncovered so that anyone can break through the barriers that stand between them and true financial freedom. Find out why it's important to:* Get happy, but not too happy* Do what you love, but don't quit your day job* Read every day * Remember that failure is not an option-it's a necessity* Harness your intuition to take risks that make sense * Practice the Kevin Bacon Principle-make connections* Say thank you-and mean it* Make your money work as hard as you doThrough candid interviews and a study of more than five thousand people, Jean reveals the traits and habits of those who have moved from the lowest economic strata to the highest. The Difference helps you take a look at where you are now and offers simple strategies for going where you want to go. The Difference, you'll see, is within you: You have the power to determine your financial future and achieve the next level of wealth.From the Hardcover edition.
The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies (Princeton Classics)
by Scott PageIn this landmark book, Scott Page redefines the way we understand ourselves in relation to one another. The Difference is about how we think in groups—and how our collective wisdom exceeds the sum of its parts. Why can teams of people find better solutions than brilliant individuals working alone? And why are the best group decisions and predictions those that draw upon the very qualities that make each of us unique? The answers lie in diversity—not what we look like outside, but what we look like within, our distinct tools and abilities.The Difference reveals that progress and innovation may depend less on lone thinkers with enormous IQs than on diverse people working together and capitalizing on their individuality. Page shows how groups that display a range of perspectives outperform groups of like-minded experts. Diversity yields superior outcomes, and Page proves it using his own cutting-edge research. Moving beyond the politics that cloud standard debates about diversity, he explains why difference beats out homogeneity, whether you're talking about citizens in a democracy or scientists in the laboratory. He examines practical ways to apply diversity's logic to a host of problems, and along the way offers fascinating and surprising examples, from the redesign of the Chicago "El" to the truth about where we store our ketchup.Page changes the way we understand diversity—how to harness its untapped potential, how to understand and avoid its traps, and how we can leverage our differences for the benefit of all.
The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies - New Edition
by Scott PageIn this landmark book, Scott Page redefines the way we understand ourselves in relation to one another. The Difference is about how we think in groups--and how our collective wisdom exceeds the sum of its parts. Why can teams of people find better solutions than brilliant individuals working alone? And why are the best group decisions and predictions those that draw upon the very qualities that make each of us unique? The answers lie in diversity--not what we look like outside, but what we look like within, our distinct tools and abilities. The Difference reveals that progress and innovation may depend less on lone thinkers with enormous IQs than on diverse people working together and capitalizing on their individuality. Page shows how groups that display a range of perspectives outperform groups of like-minded experts. Diversity yields superior outcomes, and Page proves it using his own cutting-edge research. Moving beyond the politics that cloud standard debates about diversity, he explains why difference beats out homogeneity, whether you're talking about citizens in a democracy or scientists in the laboratory. He examines practical ways to apply diversity's logic to a host of problems, and along the way offers fascinating and surprising examples, from the redesign of the Chicago "El" to the truth about where we store our ketchup. Page changes the way we understand diversity--how to harness its untapped potential, how to understand and avoid its traps, and how we can leverage our differences for the benefit of all.
The Difference: When Good Enough Isn't Enough
by Subir ChowdhuryIf you saw a toothpick on the floor, what would you do? This seemingly innocuous question was posed to Subir Chowdhury by one of his longtime clients, and ultimately lead him to a profound realization: good enough is not enough. The best processes in the world won't work without developing the kind of mindset — a caring mindset — that is needed to achieve real and sustainable change in both organizations and individuals. In his compelling new book, bestselling author and globally recognized management consultant Subir Chowdhury tackles an issue that has haunted him in his work with many of the world’s largest organizations. Why is it that some improve only incrementally, while others improve 50 times that? The ideas and training are exactly the same. What is the difference? The difference, Chowdhury explains, is the ability to nurture the skills, loyalty and passion of the people who make up an organization. It is a culture built on straightforwardness, thoughtfulness, accountability and resolve. Organizations and individuals that embrace all of these “STAR” attributes—not just one or two of them—will shine. He goes further, showing us why having a caring mindset outside of work is integral to both personal and professional success. A powerful guide to living a successful life and career, The Difference will inspire you to be the difference — at work or home.From the Hardcover edition.
The Differentiated Workforce
by Richard W. Beatty Brian E. Becker Mark A. HuselidDo you think of your company's talent as an investment to be managed like a portfolio? You should, according to authors Becker, Huselid, and Beatty, if you're interested in strategy execution.Many companies fall into the trap of spending too much time and money on low performers, while high performers aren't getting the necessary resources, development opportunities, or rewards. In The Differentiated Workforce, the authors expand on their previous books, The HR Scorecard and The Workforce Scorecard, and recommend that you manage your workforce like a portfolio - with disproportionate investments in the jobs that create the most wealth. You'll learn to:Rise above talent management "best practice" and instead create a differentiated workforce that can't be easily copied by competitorsDifferentiate those capabilities in your company that are truly strategicIdentify your wealth-creating "A" positionsCreate a new relationship between HR and line managers, and articulate the role each plays in a differentiated workforce strategyDevelop the right measures for your organizationBased on two decades of academic research and experience working with hundreds of executives, The Differentiated Workforce gives you the tools to translate your talent into strategic impact.
The Differentiation of Talent: Rethinking Performance Management
by Dick GroteTruthfully evaluating the quality of people's performance-and their potential-allows organizations to make critically important talent management decisions. Unlike conventional performance appraisal, forced ranking is a management process that requires managers to assess how well people performed compared with how well other people performed. It both demands and guarantees differentiation.
The Diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (Routledge Studies in Technology, Work and Organizations)
by Ewa LechmanIn recent decades, the world has witnessed, unprecedented in terms of speed and geographic coverage, diffusion of new information and communication technologies (ICT). The on-going digital revolution pervasively impacts and reshapes societies and economies and therefore deserves special attention and interest. This book provides extensive evidence on information and communication technologies development patterns and dynamics of this process across developed economies over the period 1980 to the present day. It adopts newly developed methodology to identification of the ‘critical mass’ and isolation of technological takeoff intervals, which are intimately related to the process of technology diffusion. The statistically robust analysis of country-specific data demonstrates the key economic, social and institutional prerequisites of ICT diffusion across examined countries, indicating what factors significantly foster or – reversely – hinder the process.
The Diffusion of Power in Global Governance
by Iver B. Neumann Stefano GuzziniThe study of global governance has often led separate lives within the respective camps of International Political Economy and Foucauldian Studies. Guzzini and Neumann combine these to look at an increasingly global politics with a growing number of agents, recognising the emergence of a global polity.