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Open Secrecy: How Technology Empowers the Digital Underworld
by Isak LadegaardExamines how the global digital underground is liberated by "open secrecy"—a novel and ominous mix of tools for mass communication and anonymity Shadowy groups are increasingly capable of collective action. Using military-grade encryption, rerouting software, and cryptocurrencies, anonymous and pseudonymous actors can now communicate, solve problems, recruit members, and manage resources across multiple public and semipublic spaces. This swirling mix of secrecy and openness enables people to move through cyberspace like nomads with verifiable personas, which makes them impossible to stop. Isak Ladegaard takes readers inside a dark, digital economy for banned drugs that has survived numerous police crackdowns, examines how activist software developers in China and other countries have maintained paths to the open internet, and documents how the American far right uses the same tools to sustain antisocial movements based on paranoia and hate. Timely and perceptive, Open Secrecy argues that although information technology enables mass surveillance, it also undermines state power by boosting groups that evade its rule. These dual forces of control and liberation are propelling us forward, with no one at the wheel.
Open Space Technology: A User's Guide (3rd edition)
by Harrison OwenWhat if you could identify a mission-critical issue for your organization, bring together the people with something to contribute and something at stake, focus on that issue and take decisive action all in the same meeting? A fantasy? Not with the application of Open Space Technology. Open Space Technology is a methodological tool that enables self-organizing groups of all sizes to deal with hugely complex issues in a very short period of time. Authored by the originator of Open Space Technology, Open Space Technology: A User's Guide details what needs to be done before, during, and after an Open Space event. It is the most authoritative book available on how to plan and run a successful Open Space event. This 3rd edition adds a survey of the current status of Open Space Technology around the world, an updated section on the latest available technology for report writing (a key aspect of the Open Space process), and an updated list of resources.
Open Standards and the Digital Age
by Andrew L. RussellHow did openness become a foundational value for the networks of the twenty-first century? Open Standards and the Digital Age answers this question through an interdisciplinary history of information networks that pays close attention to the politics of standardization. For much of the twentieth century, information networks such as the monopoly Bell System and the American military's Arpanet were closed systems subject to centralized control. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, engineers in the United States and Europe experimented with design strategies to create new digital networks. In the process, they embraced discourses of "openness" to describe their ideological commitments to entrepreneurship, technological innovation, and participatory democracy. The rhetoric of openness has flourished - for example, in movements for open government, open source software, and open access publishing - but such rhetoric also obscures the ways the Internet and other "open" systems still depend heavily on hierarchical forms of control.
Open to Outcome: A Practical Guide for Facilitating & Teaching Experiential Reflection (2nd Edition)
by Micah Jacobson Mari RuddyWith the first edition of Open to Outcome, tens of thousands of educators and learners experienced and benefited from The 5 Questions model for facilitating reflective discussions. This second edition builds on the solid foundation of the first, offering ingeniously simple changes to the 4th and 5th questions, the addition of a new chapter on specific outcomes, and other updates to make this proven processing method even more powerful and effective.
OpenOffice.org Writer
by Jean Hollis WeberThanks to OpenOffice.org, there is an alternative to Microsoft Word. If you've ever been frustrated by Word's quirks and limitations--including its price tag--and longed for a practical alternative, then it's time to break free. OpenOffice.org is the free, open source office suite and its word processor, Writer, has proven extremely popular with both Windows and Linux users. How good can it be if it's free? you might ask. And how much trouble will it be to install and learn? A quick tour of the program will show you: the features you use regularly--from formatting and spell check to using templates and creating indexes --are all there. And Writer's intuitive, surprisingly familiar interface lets you navigate with ease. To quickly master the ins and outs of Writer, you'll want a copy of OpenOffice.org Writer: The Free Alternative to Microsoft Word . This handy reference is packed with essential information to help you learn the basics of Writer and become adept with its advanced features. Written for intermediate and advanced users of word processing programs, OpenOffice.org Writer: The Free Alternative to Microsoft Word provides guidance for common and advanced word processing tasks. With this book, you'll learn how to: Set up OOoWriter to work your way Write, edit, and review documents Control page layout Use templates and styles effectively Get the most from using fields Work with Tables of contents, indexes, bibliographies Manage large or complex documents Insert, edit and create graphics Make a smooth transition from Microsoft Word OpenOffice.org Writer: The Free Alternative to Microsoft Word provides guidance for anyone who wants to break out of the Word rut. Its detailed Table of Contents make it a handy reference for even the most experienced word processing users who want to get up to speed quickly with this program, or make sure they're taking full advantage of OOo Writer's features. With the complete office suite included on a CD (which you can install on as many machines as you like), this book makes using Writer an easy decision. OpenOffice.org Writer: The Free Alternative to Microsoft Word is part of the O'Reilly Community Press Series. Unlike classic O'Reilly animal books, O'Reilly's role in the series is limited to providing manufacturing and distribution services rather than editorial development, so that each Community Press title reflects the editorial voice and organization of the community that has created it.
Opening Up: The Healing Power of Expressing Emotions
by James W. PennebakerUsing original research, Dr. James Pennebaker presents astounding evidence for the health benefits of personal self-disclosure, offering sound advice on how each of us can confront and conquer buried turmoil and get on the road to good health.
Operating Rules and Interoperability in Trans-National High-Speed Rail
by Simon Collart-DutilleulThis book examines the problem of interoperability related to operating rules and gives an overview of the formal method approaches related to this subject. The book examines the interoperability issues concerning implementation of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) while crossing a boarder. It also looks at the implementing of the ERTMS and provides solutions regarding operating rules for ERTMS lines, using formal methods and simulation tools. The contributors will also discuss operating rule validation and formal methods for safety assessment.
Operation Massacre
by Michael Greenberg Ricardo Piglia Rodolfo Walsh Daniella Gitlin1956. Argentina has just lost its charismatic president Juán Perón in a military coup, and terror reigns across the land. June 1956: eighteen people are reported dead in a failed Peronist uprising. December 1956: sometime journalist, crime fiction writer, studiedly unpoliticized chess aficionado Rodolfo Walsh learns by chance that one of the executed civilians from a separate, secret execution in June, is alive. He hears that there may be more than one survivor and believes this unbelievable story on the spot. And right there, the monumental classic Operation Massacre is born.Walsh made it his mission to find not only the survivors but widows, orphans, political refugees, fugitives, alleged informers, and anonymous heroes, in order to determine what happened that night, sending him on a journey that took over the rest of his life.Originally published in 1957, Operation Massacre thoroughly and breathlessly recounts the night of the execution and its fallout.From the Trade Paperback edition.nformers, and anonymous heroes, in order to determine what happened that night, sending him on a journey that took over the rest of his life.Originally published in 1957, Operation Massacre thoroughly and breathlessly recounts the night of the execution and its fallout.
Operationalizing Multi-Cloud Environments: Technologies, Tools and Use Cases (EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing)
by Pethuru Raj Rajganesh Nagarajan Ramkumar ThirunavukarasuThis book discusses various aspects of the multi-cloud paradigm. The initial portion of the book focuses on the motivations for the industry to embrace a multi-cloud option and the distinct business, technology, and user cases of multi-cloud implementations. The middle part of the book explains the challenges of setting up and sustaining multi-cloud environments. The latter portion focuses on the next-generation technologies and tools along with multi-cloud platforms, processes, patterns, and practices. The final segment of the book is dedicated for cloud brokerage systems. The various traits and tenets of cloud brokerage services especially for accomplishing cloud intermediation, integration, orchestration, governance, security, management, configuration, etc. are explained in detail. The book also clearly articulates how to have intelligent brokers.
Operativity And Typicality: Studies Of Meaning And Communication Theory In Organizational Research
by Thomas DrepperThe present text discusses sense-theoretical foundations of recent organizational research and makes them visible by analyzing epistemological terms of current discourses in organizational science (cognition, institution, practice, culture, communication, semantics). In a further step, communication is discussed as an operative guiding concept for understanding organizational reproduction and networking and applied to various organizational phenomena (managementization, standardization, circulation of ideas, translation, design). This book thus sees itself both as a contribution to theory development in organizational research and as a contribution to the research field of "(world) society and organization." Overall, the individual studies in this text discuss and explore the relevance of an epistemological, social and societal foundation of organization theory on the basis of an operational theory of meaning.This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
Operativität und Typik
by Thomas DrepperDer vorliegende Text diskutiert sinntheoretische Grundlagen der neueren Organisationsforschung und macht diese durch die Analyse erkenntnisleitender Begriffe aktueller organisationswissenschaftlicher Diskurse (Kognition, Institution, Praxis, Kultur, Kommunikation, Semantik) sichtbar. In einem weiteren Schritt wird Kommunikation als operativer Leitbegriff zum Verständnis organisationaler Reproduktion und Vernetzung diskutiert und auf verschiedene Organisationsphänomene (Managementisierung, Standardisierung, Ideenzirkulation, Übersetzung, Design) angewendet. Dieses Buch versteht sich damit sowohl als ein Beitrag zur Theorieentwicklung in der Organisationsforschung als auch als ein Beitrag im Forschungsfeld „(Welt-)Gesellschaft und Organisation“. Insgesamt wird in den Einzelstudien dieses Textes die Relevanz einer erkenntnis-, sozial- und gesellschaftstheoretischen Fundierung der Organisationstheorie auf Basis einer operativen Sinntheorie diskutiert und ausgelotet.
Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks
by Jie Wu Yunsheng WangThe widespread availability of mobile devices along with recent advancements in networking capabilities make opportunistic mobile social networks (MSNs) one of the most promising technologies for next-generation mobile applications. Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks supplies a new perspective of these networks that can help you enhance spontaneo
Opportunistic Networks: Concepts and Systems
by Anna Förster Pietro Manzoni Enrique Hernández Orallo Koojana Kuladinithi Asanga UdugamaThis textbook provides an exhaustive exploration of Opportunistic Networks (OppNets). Divided into three parts, it starts with the foundational principles and metrics of OppNets, detailing their mobility and data dissemination. Significant focus is given to the security challenges faced by OppNets, including strategies to counter various attacks. The second part evaluates OppNets, introducing methods and metrics for assessment, theoretical and simulation models, and tools such as OMNeT++, The ONE and ns-3.This textbook also offers comparative analyses and discussions on benchmarking. The third part delves into the implementation of OppNets, discussing technologies from Mobile Ad Hoc Networks to satellite communication and their integration with cellular technologies like 4G, 5G and 6G. Detailed insight into device characterization reveals the potential and limitations of devices within OppNets. Practical applications of OppNets in scenarios such as disaster management, remotecommunication, IoT challenges, smart cities and satellite networks are presented as well. Through detailed discussions and case studies, readers gain a comprehensive understanding of the structure, operation and practical implications of OppNets. It equips readers with knowledge to appreciate the vast potential of OppNets in various applications and settings.This textbook targets advanced-level students and postdocs in computer science and electrical engineering as well as researchers, who are starting new in the area and need a comprehensive view of opportunistic networks. Practitioners who are interested in applying the concepts of opportunistic networks in their products and services, and would like to have a jump start into the development and applications of opportunistic networks will also want to purchase this book as a reference.
Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing and White Space Access
by Arturas Medeisis Oliver Holland Hanna BoguckaDetails the paradigms of opportunistic spectrum sharing and white space access as effective means to satisfy increasing demand for high-speed wireless communication and for novel wireless communication applications This book addresses opportunistic spectrum sharing and white space access, being particularly mindful of practical considerations and solutions. In Part I, spectrum sharing implementation issues are considered in terms of hardware platforms and software architectures for realization of flexible and spectrally agile transceivers. Part II addresses practical mechanisms supporting spectrum sharing, including spectrum sensing for opportunistic spectrum access, machine learning and decision making capabilities, aggregation of spectrum opportunities, and spectrally-agile radio waveforms. Part III presents the ongoing work on policy and regulation for efficient and reliable spectrum sharing, including major recent steps forward in TV White Space (TVWS) regulation and associated geolocation database approaches, policy management aspects, and novel licensing schemes supporting spectrum sharing. In Part IV, business and economic aspects of spectrum sharing are considered, including spectrum value modeling, discussion of issues around disruptive innovation that are pertinent to opportunistic spectrum sharing and white space access, and business benefits assessment of the novel spectrum sharing regulatory proposal Licensed Shared Access. Part V discusses deployments of opportunistic spectrum sharing and white space access solutions in practice, including work on TVWS system implementations, standardization activities, and development and testing of systems according to the standards. Discusses aspects of pioneering standards such as the IEEE 802.22 "Wi-Far" standard, the IEEE 802.11af "White-Fi" standard, the IEEE Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks Standards Committee standards, and the ETSI Reconfiguration Radio Systems standards Investigates regulatory and regulatory-linked solutions assisting opportunistic spectrum sharing and white space access, including geo-location database approaches and licensing enhancements Covers the pricing and value of spectrum, the economic effects and potentials of such technologies, and provides detailed business assessments of some particularly innovative regulatory proposals The flexible and efficient use of radio frequencies is necessary to cater for the increasing data traffic demand worldwide. This book addresses this necessity through its extensive coverage of opportunistic spectrum sharing and white space access solutions. Opportunistic Spectrum Sharing and White Space Access: The Practical Reality is a great resource for telecommunication engineers, researchers, and students.
Opportunities in 5G Networks: A Research and Development Perspective
by Fei HuOpportunities in 5G Networks: A Research and Development Perspective uniquely focuses on the R&D technical design of 5th-generation (5G) networks. It is written and edited by researchers and engineers who are world-renown experts in the design of 5G networks. The book consists of four sections: The first section explains what 5G is, what its re
Oppositional Discourses and Democracies (Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought)
by Michael HuspekWhen citizens take to the streets or pack assembly halls or share their ideas through the minority press, they often give voice to truths and logic that have otherwise been given little or no airing through the available institutional channels offered by democratic states. Such discourses offer new rhetorical strategies for the expression of citizen desires, needs and emotions that otherwise go unrecognized and unaddressed. They also offer impetus for new forms of deliberation and informed action that can result in real political change. This collection explores the tensions between democratic states and the dynamics of citizen voice. In so doing, the collection addresses such questions as: What role do oppositional discourses play in increased democratization? Can oppositional discourses be sustained over time? How do states resist pressures to democratize? This volume will be of interest to students and scholars in Politics, Sociology, and Communication.
Optical Code Division Multiple Access
by Ken-Ichi KitayamaA comprehensive guide to optical fiber communications, from the basic principles to the latest developments in OCDMA for Next-Generation Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) systems. Part I starts off with the fundamentals of light propagation in optical fibers, including multiple access protocols, and their enabling techniques. Part II is dedicated to the practical perspectives of Next-Generation Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) technology. It covers the key building blocks of OCDMA, devices such as optical encoders and decoders, signal impairments due to noise, and data confidentiality, a unique property of OCDMA. This is followed by hybrid system architectures with TDM and WDM and practical aspects such as system cost, energy efficiency and long-reach PONs. Featuring the latest research, with cutting-edge coverage of system design, optical implementations, and experimental demonstrations in test beds, this text is ideal for students, researchers and practitioners in the industry seeking to obtain an up-to-date understanding of optical communication networks.
Optical Communications: Components and Systems
by Martin SibleyThe long-awaited third edition of this classic textbook provides a genuinely accessible introduction to the principles and technology of optical communication systems. It takes the reader from the fundamentals of light propagation in optical fibre, through materials and fabrication methods, light sources and modulation, to photodiodes and receiver design, and concludes with a chapter looking at system level integration.Updated throughout, major changes for this third edition include:- coverage of advanced semiconductor laser diode structures (VCSELs and DFBs)- an extended section on fibre amplifiers and lasers- updated discussion of avalanche photodiode structures- expanded coverage of transimpedance and optical preamplifiers- new sections on free-space optical links, VLC, ethernet links, coherent detection and terabit systemsEnhanced with worked examples and end-of-chapter problem sets, the book is aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students in electronic engineering, optical science and applied physics, and is ideally suited for adoption as a course text.
Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB® and Simulink® Models (Optics and Photonics)
by Le Nguyen BinhCarefully structured to instill practical knowledge of fundamental issues, Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB and Simulink Models describes the modeling of optically amplified fiber communications systems using MATLAB and Simulink. This lecture-based book focuses on concepts and interpretation, mathematical procedures, and engineering
Optical Interconnects for Future Data Center Networks
by Christoforos Kachris Ioannis Tomkos Keren BergmanOptical Interconnects in Future Data Center Networks covers optical networks and how they can be used to provide high bandwidth, energy efficient interconnects for future data centers with increased communication bandwidth requirements. This contributed volume presents an integrated view of the future requirements of the data centers and serves as a reference work for some of the most advanced solutions that have been proposed by major universities and companies. Collecting the most recent and innovative optical interconnects for data center networks that have been presented in the research community by universities and industries, this book is a valuable reference to researchers, students, professors and engineers interested in the domain of high performance interconnects and data center networks. Additionally, Optical Interconnects in Future Data Center Networks provides invaluable insights into the benefits and advantages of optical interconnects and how they can be a promising alternative for future data center networks.
Optical Multi-Bound Solitons (Optics and Photonics)
by Le Nguyen BinhOptical Multi-Bound Solitons describes the generation and transmission of multi-bound solitons with the potential to form the basis of the temporal coding of optical data packets for next-generation nonlinear optical systems. The book deals with nonlinear systems in terms of their fundamental principles, associated phenomena, and signal processing applications in contemporary optical systems for communications and laser systems, with a touch of mathematical representation of nonlinear equations to offer insight into the nonlinear dynamics at different phases. The text not only delineates the strong background physics of such systems but also: Discusses the phase evolution of the optical carriers under the soliton envelopes for the generation of multi-bound solitons Explains the generation of multi-bound solitons through optical fibers Examines new types of multi-bound solitons in passive and active optical resonators Conducts bi-spectral analyses of multi-bound solitons to identify the phase and power amplitude distribution property of bound solitons Presents experimental techniques for the effective generation of bound solitons Optical Multi-Bound Solitons provides extensive coverage of multi-bound solitons from the dynamics of their formation to their transmission over guided optical media. Appendices are included to supplement a number of essential definitions, mathematical representations, and derivations, making this book an ideal theoretical reference text as well as a practical professional guidebook.
Optical Network Design and Planning
by Jane M. SimmonsThis book takes a pragmatic approach to deploying state-of-the-art optical networking equipment in metro-core and backbone networks The book is oriented towards practical implementation of optical network design. Algorithms and methodologies related to routing, regeneration, wavelength assignment, sub rate-traffic grooming and protection are presented, with an emphasis on optical-bypass-enabled (or all-optical) networks. The author has emphasized the economics of optical networking, with a full chapter of economic studies that offer guidelines as to when and how optical-bypass technology should be deployed This new edition contains: new chapter on dynamic optical networking and a new chapter on flexible/elastic optical networks. Expanded coverage of new physical-layer technology (e. g. , coherent detection) and its impact on network design and enhanced coverage of ROADM architectures and properties, including colorless, directionless, contentionless and gridless. Covers 'hot' topics, such as Software Defined Networking and energy efficiency, algorithmic advancements and techniques, especially in the area of impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment. Provides more illustrative examples of concepts are provided, using three reference networks (the topology files for the networks are provided on a web site, for further studies by the reader). Also exercises have been added at the end of the chapters to enhance the book's utility as a course textbook.
Optical Switching in Next Generation Data Centers
by Lorenzo Pavesi Francesco TestaThis book introduces the reader to the optical switching technology for its application to data centers. In addition, it takes a picture of the status of the technology and system architecture evolution and of the research in the area of optical switching in data center. The book is organized in four parts: the first part is focused on the system aspects of optical switching in intra-data center networking, the second part is dedicated to describing the recently demonstrated optical switching networks, the third part deals with the latest technologies developed to enable optical switching and, finally, the fourth part of the book outlines the future prospects and trends.
Optical Transmission
by António Teixeira giorgio maria tosi beleffiOptical Transmission represents a wide set of visions of researchers who are active in the actual research scene in Europe. An aggregate of highlights of research in transmission with a state of the art presented by the researchers who are driving it are presented. The trends on research are in this book presented by one of the widest networks of excellence put together in Europe in the field of optical networking (more than 40 Research institutions were involved). The readers will find a specialized readout of the current trends and status of transmission ranging from simulation to ultimate experimental results, from modulations to devices. A highlight of Optical Transmission is the introduction in a technical book a chapter on techno-economics, which drives the vision and field a little further. General reading could be made however is more suited for graduated users. The most important features of Optical Transmission are: wide vision on transmission related issues, state of the art and related trends and techniques; techno-economics of the field.
Optical Waveguides Analysis and Design
by Amal BanerjeeThis book offers readers a comprehensive, detailed analysis and treatment of optical waveguides (fiber, slab), an essential component of ultra-high bandwidth long, medium and short-haul telecommunication. The author describes an analysis scheme for optical waveguides that combines both geometric|ray optics and Maxwell’s equations-based classical electrodynamics. This unique approach enables readers to develop an intuitive understanding of this topic, starting with macro properties, e.g., V parameter of an optical fiber, and progressively refining the analysis to individual modes of propagation through an optical waveguide. An exhaustive set of diagrams highlight the key features of an optical waveguide property, such as acceptance angle, meridional and skew rays in an optical fiber, or signal attenuation and dispersion in an optical waveguide. The author also provides a set of ready-to-use, ANSI C executables (for both Linux and Windows) that enable the reader to e.g, determine the allowed propagation modes (even, odd TE|TM) of a graded, step index optical fiber and a slab waveguide.Offers readers a single-source reference to the analysis and design of optical waveguides;Begins with macro-level analysis of the properties of optical waveguides and dives deeply into details in a step-by-step manner, enabling readers to develop an intuitive understanding;Includes C language executables, along with optical waveguide analysis and design examples to demonstrate their use in context.