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How Press Propaganda Paved the Way to Brexit
by Francis RawlinsonThis book traces how right-wing newspapers in Britain helped shape British public opinion about the European Union over the course of the 20 years preceding the EU referendum in June 2016. The author argues that newspapers such as the Telegraph, Mail, Sun and Express have been effectively waging a long-term propaganda war, with the distortions and borderline fake news presented one of the factors that helped secure the narrow majority for Brexit. Written by an EU insider, the book presents hard facts and debunks the core myths on EU laws, exorbitant budget contributions and uncontrolled immigration, and contributes to the broader debate on the importance of the press for democracy.
How Propaganda Works
by Jason StanleyOur democracy today is fraught with political campaigns, lobbyists, liberal media, and Fox News commentators, all using language to influence the way we think and reason about public issues. Even so, many of us believe that propaganda and manipulation aren't problems for us--not in the way they were for the totalitarian societies of the mid-twentieth century. In How Propaganda Works, Jason Stanley demonstrates that more attention needs to be paid. He examines how propaganda operates subtly, how it undermines democracy--particularly the ideals of democratic deliberation and equality--and how it has damaged democracies of the past.Focusing on the shortcomings of liberal democratic states, Stanley provides a historically grounded introduction to democratic political theory as a window into the misuse of democratic vocabulary for propaganda's selfish purposes. He lays out historical examples, such as the restructuring of the US public school system at the turn of the twentieth century, to explore how the language of democracy is sometimes used to mask an undemocratic reality. Drawing from a range of sources, including feminist theory, critical race theory, epistemology, formal semantics, educational theory, and social and cognitive psychology, he explains how the manipulative and hypocritical declaration of flawed beliefs and ideologies arises from and perpetuates inequalities in society, such as the racial injustices that commonly occur in the United States. How Propaganda Works shows that an understanding of propaganda and its mechanisms is essential for the preservation and protection of liberal democracies everywhere.
How Russia Really Works: The Informal Practices That Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business (Culture and Society after Socialism)
by Alena V. LedenevaDuring the Soviet era, blat--the use of personal networks for obtaining goods and services in short supply and for circumventing formal procedures--was necessary to compensate for the inefficiencies of socialism. The collapse of the Soviet Union produced a new generation of informal practices. In How Russia Really Works, Alena V. Ledeneva explores practices in politics, business, media, and the legal sphere in Russia in the 1990s--from the hiring of firms to create negative publicity about one's competitors, to inventing novel schemes of tax evasion and engaging in "alternative" techniques of contract and law enforcement. Ledeneva discovers ingenuity, wit, and vigor in these activities and argues that they simultaneously support and subvert formal institutions. They enable corporations, the media, politicians, and businessmen to operate in the post-Soviet labyrinth of legal and practical constraints but consistently undermine the spirit, if not the letter, of the law. The "know-how" Ledeneva describes in this book continues to operate today and is crucial to understanding contemporary Russia.
How Social Media has Transformed Journalism: The Guardian’s Digital Turning Point and Its Aftermath
by Vaios PapanagnouThis book explores the influence of social media on the transformation of institutional journalism. Grounded on a case study of The Guardian in the UK, the work is an in-depth look at how a leading news organisation navigated the challenges of the social media era. Drawing on interviews with Guardian journalists, Papanagnou demonstrates that the major change that social media effected on journalism has been the inculcation of journalists with the logic of branding. Journalists now actively brand themselves and their organisations as authoritative voices on public affairs; they emphasise their expertise in the stories they share across platforms, leveraging their reputations to establish credibility and connect with like-minded audiences. Ultimately, the author argues that the turn to branding represents a pragmatic solution to the problem that social media companies posed for journalism. By embracing networking technologies, journalists and their organisations have become increasingly tethered to big-tech. And, lacking the immense technological and financial resources of the digital platforms, news brands and their journalists have sought to counteract this dependency by wielding the power of their journalistic reputations.
How The Body Knows Its Mind: The Surprising Power Of The Physical Environment To Influence How You Think And Feel
by Sian BeilockIf you've ever gestured wildly with your hands in order to coax a word from your memory, or if you've sat up straighter in a meeting to feel more confident and alert, then you already know some of the ways the body can make an impact on the mind. But what if that's just the tip of the iceberg? Recent research shows that the extent to which the body affects the brain is greater than we'd ever imagined. Now How the Body Knows Its Mind reveals extraordinary ways you can use your body to improve your mind and performance in all areas of life.We often think of the brain as the master control centre - interpreting experiences, deciding what to do, and pulling the levers of the body. Sian Beilock, a leading expert on the brain science behind human performance and professor in the psychology department at the University of Chicago, turns our understanding of the mind upside down in How the Body Knows Its Mind.Your brain doesn't make that much of a distinction between what happens in your body and what happens in your mind. In fact, our bodies actually hack our brains. The way we move affects our thoughts, our decisions, and our preferences, and kids absorb more when they use their bodies as a learning tool. Called "embodied cognition," this new science illuminates the power of the body and its physical surroundings to shape how we think, feel, and behave: pacing around the room can enhance creativity; walking in nature boosts concentration skills; Botox users experience less depression; fit children score higher on tests in school.From the tricks used by advertisers to the ways body language can improve your memory to how to master public speaking, Beilock explains a wealth of fascinating interconnections between mind and body and shows how mastering them can make you happier, safer, and more successful.
How They Broke Britain: The Instant Sunday Times Bestseller
by James O'Brien***THE RUNAWAY BESTSELLER, WITH NEW MATERIAL FOR THE PAPERBACK***THE REVEALING, DEFINING ACCOUNT OF THE DARK NETWORK THAT BROKE OUR COUNTRY.Something has gone really wrong in Britain.Our economy has tanked, our freedoms are shrinking, and social divisions are growing. Our politicians seem most interested in their own careers, and much of the media only make things worse. We are living in a country almost unrecognisable from the one that existed a decade ago. But whose fault is it really? Who broke Britain and how did they do it?Bold and incisive as ever, James O'Brien reveals the shady network of influence that has created a broken Britain of strikes, shortages and scandals. He maps the web connecting dark think tanks to Downing Street, the journalists involved in selling it to the public and the media bosses pushing their own agendas. Over ten chapters, each focusing on a particular person complicit in the downfall, James O'Brien reveals how a select few have conspired - sometimes by incompetence, sometimes by design - to bring Britain to its knees.
How To Ask For More and Get It
by Thomas Kiernan Francis Greenburger"How To Ask For More And Get It is not, as the title might suggest, a book for the greedy, pursuing compulsive and unrealistic dreams of acquiring more worldly wealth. Rather, it is designed to help the average person get his due in the thousands of exchanges, both mundane and important, that punctuate his or her life," says Francis Greenburger and Thomas Kiernan.All of us are confronted daily with countless exchanges, both ordinary and extraordinary, the outcomes of which largely define the quality of our lives. In fact, the Exchange is the single most frequent and important process of our interpersonal existence. Negotiation is the art of consistently turning these exchanges to one's advantage, and this book shows how to master this art.Using examples from real-life situations, the authors show you how to develop your basic negotiating skills--how to state your criteria, who makes the first move, what tactics to use, how to set your goals and establish a strategy--in short, how to win!Whether you are an employee bargaining for a raise, the tenant applying for a lease, the homeowner planning an expansion, the spouse settling a quarrel, a man with an attractive young lady in mind...whether you are the layman or the professional, this book will teach you how to make the most of the exchanges which touch every facet of your life."Imagine yourself in any of the following situations:You are about to walk into a realtor's office to make an offer on your dream house or to rent the apartment you've finally found after months of searching...You are about to sit down with your spouse's lawyer to discuss the financial terms of your impending divorce...Tomorrow you are to appear for you final interview with a company you feel sure will offer you the job you have been seeking, at which your salary and other benefits will be decided...You are about to sit down with an auditor from the IRS...The "bottom line" of such exchanges is that we either gain or lose by them, financially and otherwise. Motivated by our innate self-interest, we naturally hope to acquire more than we give away. More often than not, however, we end up losing more than we gain. Why? Because we do not know how to negotiate our needs, our rights, our hopes, and our wishes..."Francis Greenburger operates an extremely successful New York real estate business--a milieu in which the negotiator's art is severely tested and sharply honed. Recently, he expanded his interest to include the publishing world and now operates an equally successful literary agency--another pursuit in which negotiating is the key to success. This is his first book.Thomas Kiernan was an editor for many years. He is also the author of fourteen previous books.
How To Be Highly Sensitive and Empowered: A Revolutionary Healing Guide for Empaths
by Jane NovakA practical guide outlining how empaths can protect themselves from sensory overload and burnout. A step-by-step transformational journey of unlocking and reclaiming energy and power.Have you been told you are &“too sensitive&” or &“overly emotional&”? Being an empath can be an incredible gift of compassion and connection. When unchecked, empathic insights can leave people feeling depleted and overwhelmed. Sensitivity is a strength.How to Be Highly Sensitive and Empowered offers a healing roadmap, from Step 1 "Master energy awareness" to Step 7 "Activate and share your gift". Tools include breathing exercises; powerful visualizations; inner voice journaling; how to create "transition breaks" to overcome energy drains. How to Be Sensitive and Empowered outlines:How empaths differ from Highly Sensitive People, and how to reframe your emotional energy as deep wisdom. Ways to effectively set boundaries, with examples from Jane Novak's coaching programme, to find peace in a challenging world.A practical healing programme, tackling the inner work needed to transform how empaths relate to the wider world. This book helps empaths move from being in a state of turmoil to becoming comfortable in their skin and more confident in relationships and interactions. Discover the freedom empathy unlocks in all areas of life: leadership, creativity and love.
How To Be Insightful: Unlocking the Superpower that drives Innovation
by Sam KnowlesHow do we advance? As individuals, families, and businesses? As societies, nations, and a species? In a world where it’s said there is nothing new under the sun, we humans are remarkably resourceful at creating new things. The key to innovation is understanding, but not just by using facts, data, and casual observations. Progress demands the profound and useful understanding of a person or a thing, a situation or an issue. And profound and useful understanding that truly effects change is that most elusive of phenomena: insight. How To Be Insightful provides a novel and deeply practical framework that anyone can use to generate more powerful and impactful insights from the increasing volumes of data we all face every day, whatever we do. The framework – the STEP Prism of Insight – has been developed through decades of both practice and training, and the book includes many exercises designed to help strengthen and develop readers’ insight muscles. The book explains the history, psychology, and neuroscience of insight and includes snapshots of insight from international experts in many different fields – psychology and neuroscience, music and acting, forensic science and market research.
How To Break Up With Friends: From Friendshit to Friendsplit – a guide to ditching crappy companions
by Dr. Hannah KorrelWe all have that one friend. The one who expects the world, but never remembers your birthday. The one who constantly ditches your dinner plans when you&’re already halfway to the restaurant. The one who leaves you feeling exhausted, used and completely emotionally battered. Why do we let these people into our lives? When is their friendship actually friend-shit? How do we dump these crappy companions? This is the no-bullshit, essential guide for anyone devoting their precious time and energy into maintaining friendships with toxic friends. Using activities, truth bombs, and real-life examples, neuropscyhologist Dr Hannah Korrel will help you to identify the bad friends in your life, understand what true friendship should look like, learn how to attract the best people, and become the best friend you can be yourself. Provocative, funny, and brutally honest, How To Break Up With Friends will change the way you look at friendship forever.
How To Crush Social Media In Only 2 Minutes A Day: Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Kred, Goodreads, Linkedin
by Ndeye Labadens James Goonwrite. ComPrepare to Crush the Game of Social Media! This is a fun and powerful method to promote your business, book, or item. Why Do You Need to Crush Social Network? This book offers step- by- step instructions to build your social media presence with your platforms and /or blog. You'll have access to multiple resources to help increase your sales and your online presence. For example, do you know the best keywords to use? When is the most beneficial time to use Twitter? How do you change listings on Goodreads? You'll find answers to these questions and many more. Prepare to Crush the Social Media in Only 2 Minutes a Day is a must-have!
How To Deal With Difficult People
by Gill HassonDON'T LET PROBLEM PEOPLE GET TO YOU!Whether it's a manager who keeps moving the goal posts, an uncooperative colleague, negative friend, or critical family member, some people are just plain hard to get along with.Often, your immediate response is to shrink or sulk, become defensive or attack. But there are smarter moves to make when dealing with difficult people. This book explains how to cope with a range of situations with difficult people and to focus on what you can change.This book will help you to:Understand what makes difficult people tick and how best to handle themLearn ways to confidently stand up to others and resist the urge to attack backDevelop strategies to calmly navigate emotionally-charged situationsDeal with all kinds of difficult people - hostile, manipulative and the impossibleKnow when to choose your battles, and when to walk awayWhy let someone else's bad attitude ruin your day? How to Deal With Difficult People arms you with all the tools and tactics you need to handle all kinds of people - to make your life less stressful and a great deal easier.
How To Lose Friends And Alienate People: A Memoir
by Toby YoungIn 1995 high-flying British journalist Toby Young left London for New York to become a contributing editor at Vanity Fair. Other Brits had taken Manhattan--Alistair Cooke, Tina Brown, Anna Wintour--so why couldn't he?But things didn't quite go according to plan. Within the space of two years he was fired from Vanity Fair, banned from the most fashionable bar in the city, and couldn't get a date for love or money. Even the local AA group wanted nothing to do with him.How to Lose Friends and Alienate People is Toby Young's hilarious and best-selling account of the five years he spent looking for love in all the wrong places and steadily working his way down the New York food chain, from glossy magazine editor to crash-test dummy for interactive sex toys. A seditious attack on the culture of celebrity from inside the belly of the beast, How to Lose Friends and Alienate People is also a "nastily funny read." --USA Today
How To Make It In Advertising
by Mark LeighAdvertising. Is it really 'the greatest art form of the twentieth century' (Marshall McLuhan)? Whatever your views, it is undeniably one of the most popular career choices going-and one of the most difficult to get into. If you want to be creative and make money, or simply fancy trying your handat a job in one of the most powerful industries around, then this indispensable guide is all you'll need to get a foot in the door and keep a step ahead of the competition. It's a careers guide with a difference, using the experience and wisdom of some of the industry's top people. You'll find essential advice on how to get started and how to get ahead, as well as the insider's view of the genuine pros and cons of each job, from copywriter to account handler. Your new career starts here.
How To Make Your Dog #Famous: A Guide to Social Media and Beyond
by Loni EdwardsYou know your dog is the cutest but does everyone else know it too?In this book, Loni Edwards, the human behind the world's most influential pets, breaks down the path to fame. Discover insights into the success of social media's top pups and follow the essential steps on the road to fame - from crafting your brand to advocating for your pup on set. With expert guidance on how to be a good dog parent and make sure your pup is happy and healthy every step of the way, this is your one-stop guide to helping your dog win over hearts, one adorable post at a time.Featuring the stories of more than 40 of the most successful pet influencers:157 of Gemma, Amazing Graciedoodle, Barkley Sir Charles, Bertie Bert the Pom, Bronson the Bully, Brussels Sprout, Bully Baloo, Charlie the Black Shepherd, Chloe the Mini Frenchie (& Emma Bear), Coco the Maltese Dog (Coco & Cici), Cookie Malibu, Crusoe the Celebrity Dachshund, Daily Dougie, Dog named Stella, Ducky the Yorkie, Frame the Weim, Gone to the Snow Dogs, Harlow and Sage, Hi Wiley, Kelly Bove, Lilybug, Lizzie Bear, Louboutina the Hugging Dog, Maya Polar Bear, Mervin the Chihuahua, Milo and Noah, MJ the Beagle, Mr. Biggie, Popeye the Foodie, Puggy Smalls, Reagandoodle, Remix the Dog, Rocco Roni, Super Corgi Jojo, Super Scooty, Tatum, That Goldendoodle, The Bike Dog, Tika the Iggy, Tuna Melts my Heart, Tupey the Borzoi, Verpinscht, Winnie the Cocker, Wolfgang 2242
How To Make Your Dog #Famous: A Guide to Social Media and Beyond
by Loni EdwardsYou know your dog is the cutest but does everyone else know it too?In this book, Loni Edwards, the human behind the world's most influential pets, breaks down the path to fame. Discover insights into the success of social media's top pups and follow the essential steps on the road to fame - from crafting your brand to advocating for your pup on set. With expert guidance on how to be a good dog parent and make sure your pup is happy and healthy every step of the way, this is your one-stop guide to helping your dog win over hearts, one adorable post at a time.Featuring the stories of more than 40 of the most successful pet influencers:157 of Gemma, Amazing Graciedoodle, Barkley Sir Charles, Bertie Bert the Pom, Bronson the Bully, Brussels Sprout, Bully Baloo, Charlie the Black Shepherd, Chloe the Mini Frenchie (& Emma Bear), Coco the Maltese Dog (Coco & Cici), Cookie Malibu, Crusoe the Celebrity Dachshund, Daily Dougie, Dog named Stella, Ducky the Yorkie, Frame the Weim, Gone to the Snow Dogs, Harlow and Sage, Hi Wiley, Kelly Bove, Lilybug, Lizzie Bear, Louboutina the Hugging Dog, Maya Polar Bear, Mervin the Chihuahua, Milo and Noah, MJ the Beagle, Mr. Biggie, Popeye the Foodie, Puggy Smalls, Reagandoodle, Remix the Dog, Rocco Roni, Super Corgi Jojo, Super Scooty, Tatum, That Goldendoodle, The Bike Dog, Tika the Iggy, Tuna Melts my Heart, Tupey the Borzoi, Verpinscht, Winnie the Cocker, Wolfgang 2242
How To Make Your Sales Sizzle in 17 Days
by Elmer WheelerIf you want to improve your present selling ability.....If you need a "brushing up job," after the past few non-selling years.....Or if you are in another business and feel you want to enter selling.....Then this is the course for you! Read on!If you abhor "long courses" that take months and months.....If the idea of learning how to sell in 17 weeks if you prefer, or 17 days, if you are up to it, appeals to you.....If you have a sales manual that needs modernizing with "Tested Selling Sentences," or if you want to build one from scratch.....Then read on!This is YOUR QUICKIE COURSE, by America's foremost authority on selling and manual building.Elmer Wheeler is not just a "teacher," but a doer, a man with a list of clients that reads like a Who's Who of American business.You can practice a chapter a day--or a chapter a week--and learn this amazing new Sizzle Way of selling and manual building that has been used by 247 sales corporations for 19 successful years!Read on!Time is valuable. Few salesmen have much time these days to study. Beginners are busy, too, perhaps on other jobs; yet they want to enter the field of selling.What is their solution?It is this--a short course in selling that is concise, to the point, minus frills and "kindergarten" stuff.Yet a course that embodies everything a salesman needs to know before he makes a call--or before the beginner applies for his first selling job.It is for the salesman with little time, yet a desire to improve himself in 17 ways in 17 days. It is for the beginner who wants to get his first job and hold it. It's for any person, or firm, large or small, who wants to build an up-to-date Sales Manual--and test it out!It's for everybody or anybody who wants to sit at the feet of the Master Salesman, Elmer Wheeler, for 17 days and learn the highlight skills of salesmanship in 17 ways.
How To Make a Brilliant Best Man's Speech: and support the groom, from the stag do to the wedding
by Phillip Khan-PanniHow to make a great, best man's speech - and a guide to being a great best man.In this book Phillip Khan-Panni uses his expertise as a champion professional speaker to help the best man with the terrifying prospect of writing and delivering The Speech.He guides you on the vital preparation of your speech and tells you how to use stories, jokes and quotations that will lift it well above the bare necessities. With the author`s help and his professional tips and techniques, you will be able to make a really entertaining and moving speech that will be remembered for a long time to come. You might even enjoy making it as much as the guests do hearing it!There are also checklists and further advice to help you organise the whole occasion so that the big day honours the groom and his bride and thoroughly impresses their friends and relations
How To Make a Brilliant Best Man's Speech: and support the groom, from the stag do to the wedding
by Phillip Khan-PanniHow to make a great, best man's speech - and a guide to being a great best man.In this book Phillip Khan-Panni uses his expertise as a champion professional speaker to help the best man with the terrifying prospect of writing and delivering The Speech.He guides you on the vital preparation of your speech and tells you how to use stories, jokes and quotations that will lift it well above the bare necessities. With the author`s help and his professional tips and techniques, you will be able to make a really entertaining and moving speech that will be remembered for a long time to come. You might even enjoy making it as much as the guests do hearing it!There are also checklists and further advice to help you organise the whole occasion so that the big day honours the groom and his bride and thoroughly impresses their friends and relations
How To Outnegotiate Anyone
by Byleo ReillyCome out ahead when dealing with the IRS, lawyers, ex-spouses, and other potentially unpleasant people.
How To Outnegotiate Anyone
by Leo ReillyCome out ahead when dealing with the IRS, lawyers, ex-spouses, and other potentially unpleasant people.How to Outnegotiate Anyone shows:Why you should never disclose your deadlineHow to get the other side engaged and into a positive mindsetWhen to deadlock (and when not to)How to tell the real final offer from the not-so-final offerAnd much more!
How To Outnegotiate Anyone
by Leo ReillyCome out ahead when dealing with the IRS, lawyers, ex-spouses, and other potentially unpleasant people.How to Outnegotiate Anyone shows:Why you should never disclose your deadlineHow to get the other side engaged and into a positive mindsetWhen to deadlock (and when not to)How to tell the real final offer from the not-so-final offerAnd much more!
How To Predict What People Will Buy: - A Marketer's Guide to the Color and Symbols of Perfect Packaging
by Louis CheskinHow To Predict What People Will Buy by Louis Cheskin is a groundbreaking exploration into the psychology of consumer behavior and the science of marketing. As a pioneering figure in the field of market research and product design, Cheskin offers readers a deep dive into the methods and principles that can accurately forecast consumer preferences and purchasing decisions.In this insightful book, Cheskin draws on his extensive experience and innovative research to reveal the underlying factors that drive consumer choices. He explains how elements such as packaging, branding, color, and design influence the subconscious mind, guiding people toward particular products over others. Through a series of real-world examples and case studies, Cheskin demonstrates how businesses can harness these insights to create products and marketing strategies that resonate with their target audiences.Cheskin’s approach is rooted in the concept of “sensation transference,” a theory he developed that posits consumers often transfer their perceptions of product packaging and presentation to the product itself. This book provides a clear framework for understanding how to apply this and other psychological principles to predict market trends and consumer behavior.How To Predict What People Will Buy is not just for marketers and business professionals; it is also for anyone interested in understanding the deeper motivations behind everyday purchasing decisions. Cheskin’s writing is both accessible and intellectually stimulating, making complex psychological concepts easy to grasp and apply.This book is an essential read for entrepreneurs, product designers, marketers, and anyone looking to gain a competitive edge in the marketplace. Louis Cheskin’s insights continue to influence the fields of marketing and consumer psychology, making How To Predict What People Will Buy a timeless resource for understanding the ever-evolving landscape of consumer behavior.By blending scientific rigor with practical advice, Cheskin offers readers the tools to anticipate what drives consumer decisions, helping them to create products and brands that truly connect with people.
How To Put Yourself Across
by Elmer WheelerThis is Elmer's newest book. It is his best yet. It will bring you up to date on all the methods, techniques and strategy used, not only in America to win friends, but from around the world.He constantly brings out methods used worldwide to make friends. He has discovered many ways to get along in life as used for centuries by people of other lands, but never practiced in the United States. He will tell you, for example, about the soft sell of Japan; the bargain ways of Hong Kong; the winning silk appeals of Bangkok people; the image sell of India and so forth--how these people sell themselves to others and go places in life.Truly, this is a collection of best ways--and test ways--to make friends, keep old friends--and go places.You'll live, you'll learn, you'll become a master of self-sell, once you've read these lively chapters of Mr. Sizzle.
How To Reduce Your Debt Overnight: A Simple Solution to Eliminate Credit Card and Consumer Debt
by Tom Corson-KnowlesLearn how a simple five-minute phone call can reduce your debt—and other insider secrets for getting your finances back in order. Are you tired of being hounded by debt collectors? Are you sick of being behind on your bills? Learn the secret words that will get any credit card company to listen to your demands, whether you want a settlement, a lower interest rate, or any fees waived (including annual fees, late payment fees, balance transfer fees, and more). Entrepreneur and investor Tom Corson-Knowles owns a company that buys credit card debt and collects it. In this book, he shares what the banks and collections agencies don&’t want you to know about how to settle your credit card debt at an 80% discount with a five-minute phone call. Having worked with hundreds of consumers in credit card debt, Tom has seen firsthand the mistakes people make that get them into debt and keep them stuck there. You&’ll learn industry secrets that will show you how to legally get out of debt fast. While other so-called financial experts will tell you about debt management and budgeting, Tom goes straight to the heart of the matter—getting rid of your credit card debt once and for all, so you can go back to living a happy, peaceful life without the stress and worry of financial problems and debt collectors.