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Language Comprehension As Structure Building
by Morton Ann GernsbacherThis book presents a new theoretical framework -- what Gernsbacher calls the Structure Building Framework -- for understanding language comprehension in particular, and cognitive processing in general. According to this framework, the goal in comprehending both linguistic and nonlinguistic materials is to build a coherent mental representation or "structure" of the information being comprehended. As such, the underlying processes and mechanisms of structure building are viewed as general, cognitive processes and mechanisms. The strength of the volume lies in its empirical detail: a thorough literature review and solid original data.
Language Conflicts in Contemporary Estonia, Latvia, and Ukraine: A Comparative Exploration of Discourses in Post-Soviet Russian-Language Digital Media (Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society #205)
by Ksenia MaksimovtsovaLanguage policy and usage in the postcommunist region have continually attracted wide political, media, and expert attention since the disintegration of the USSR in 1991. How are these issues politicized in contemporary Estonia, Latvia, and Ukraine? This study presents a cross-cultural qualitative and quantitative analysis of publications in leading Russian-language blogs and news websites of these three post-Soviet states during the period of 2004–2017.The most notable difference observed between Ukraine and the two Baltic countries is that many Russian-writing users in Ukraine’s internet tend to support the position that the state language, i.e. Ukrainian, is discriminated against and needs special protection by the state, whereas the majority of the Russian-speaking commentators on selected Estonian and Latvian news websites advocate for introducing Russian as a second state language. Despite attempts of Ukraine’s government to Ukrainize public space, the position of Ukrainian is still perceived, even by many Russian-writing commentators and bloggers, as being ‘precarious’ and ‘vulnerable.’ This became especially visible in debates after the Revolution of Dignity, when the number of supporters of the introduction of Russian as second state language significantly decreased. In the Russian-language sector of Estonian and Latvian news websites and blogs, in contrast, the majority of online users continually reproduce the image of ‘victims’ of nation-building. They often claim that their political, as well as economic rights, are significantly limited in comparison to ethnic Estonians and Latvians.The results of Maksimovtsova’s research illustrate that, notwithstanding differences between the Estonian as well as Latvian cases, on the one hand, and Ukraine, on the other, there is an ongoing process of convergence of debates in Ukraine to those held in the other two countries analyzed in terms of an increased degree of ‘discursive decommunization’ and ‘derussification.’
Language Contacts and Discourses in the Far North (Arctic Encounters)
by Tiina Räisänen Maria Frick Jussi YlikoskiThis open access book sheds light on 21st-Century multilingualism in the Far North of Europe – Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Estonia – an area with multifaceted contacts between many Uralic and Indo-European languages. These contacts are taking new forms as migration and English as the lingua franca are changing the linguistic situation remarkably. The national languages dominate the life of most inhabitants, while the use of indigenous Saami languages, old minority languages, and the languages of new immigrants is limited to certain areas or domains. This volume takes a close look at multilingual individuals and discusses how their lives are affected by different languages.
Language Development From Birth To Three
by Moshe AnisfeldWith selections of philosophers from Plotinus to Bruno, this new anthology provides significant learning support and historical context for the readings along with a wide variety of pedagogical assists.Featuring biographical headnotes, reading introductions, study questions, as well as specialPrologues andPhilosophical Overviews, this anthology offers a unique set of critical thinking promtps to help students understand and appreciate the philosophical concepts under discussion.Philosophical Bridges discuss how the work of earlier thinkers would influence philosophers to come and place major movements in a contemporary context, showing students how the schools of philosophy interrelate and how the various philosophies apply to the world today.In addition to this volume of Medieval Philosophy, a comprehensive survey of the whole of Western philosophical history and other individual volumes for each of the major historical eras are also available for specialized courses.
Language Development for Science: Activities for Home
by Marion Nash Jackie LoweThese simple play-based activities are ideal for teachers to copy and give out to parents who want to know how to help their child improve his or her science language skills and have fun at the same time. Activities are linked directly to the school-based Language Development Circle Time sessions, but can also be used independently. There is a clear structure and progression of ideas, with supporting black-line drawings to acts as prompts and simple record - keeping system to support home/school communication.
Language Development for Science: Circle Time Sessions to Improve Language Skills
by Marion Nash Jackie LoweThis book is the first of its kind to help practitioners specifically develop children's language skills in Science. The book incudes: guidelines to help teachers set up, run and assess circle-time sessions ideas for promoting children's thinking skills and emotional literacy video CD containing explanation and demonstration of the programme and its implementation, with comments from staff who have used it.
Language Development: An Introduction
by Robert OwensThis text offers a cohesive, easy-to-understand overview of all aspects of language development, including syntax, morphology, semantics, phonology, and pragmatics. Each idea and concept is explained in a way that is clear to even beginning students and then reinforced with outstanding pedagogical aids such as discussion questions, chapter objectives, reflections, and main point boxed features. Filled with real-world examples, the book looks at how children learn to communicate in general, and in English specifically, while emphasizing individual patterns of communication development. <p><p>The 10th Edition keeps readers up to date on major topics in the field and the challenges that teachers face in today's diverse classrooms. It provides more child language examples; improves readability with more thorough explanations and clarifications; includes updated research with the addition of several hundred new references; streamlines the discussion of reading comprehension; includes practical learning theories; and more.
Language Development: An Introduction (Eighth Edition)
by Robert E. OwensThis leading and comprehensive text on language development is rich in information, research, examples, and activities. A thorough and readable introductory text on language development, this book covers all aspects of the complex subject -- including syntax, morphology, semantics, phonology, and pragmatics -- while explaining each idea and concept in a way that is easily understandable by even beginning students of the field. Rich in pedagogical aids like discussion questions, chapter objectives, reflections, and main point boxed features, the eighth edition of Language Development also emphasizes culturally and linguistically diverse children and bilingual and dialectical developmental information -- a discussion that accurately reflects the diversity of life and language in the United States.
Language Discordant Social Work in a Multilingual World: The Space Between (Routledge Advances in Social Work)
by Hilde Fiva BuzunguBased on ethnographic observations of encounters between social workers and people with whom they do not have a shared language, this book analyzes the impact of language discordance on the quality of professional service provision. Exploring how street-level bureaucrats navigate the landscape of these discretionary assessments of language discordance, language proficiency, and the need for interpreting, the book focuses on four main themes: the complexity of social work talk the issue of participation in language discordant meetings communicative interaction the issue of how clarification is requested when needed, and whether professionals and service users are able to reach clarity when something is unclear Based on the findings presented on these different aspects of language discordant talk, the consequences of language discordance for social work are presented and discussed, focusing primarily on issues at the intersection of language, communication, power, dominance and subordination, representation, linguicism, and ultimately, human rights and human dignity. It will be of interest to all social work students, academics and professionals as well as those working in public services and allied health more broadly.
Language Disorders From a Developmental Perspective: Essays in Honor of Robin S. Chapman (New Directions in Communication Disorders Research)
by Rhea PaulThe last 25 years have witnessed an explosion of research at the intersection of typical language development and child language disorders. A pioneer in bringing these fields of study together is Robin S. Chapman, Emerita, University of Wisconsin. This contributed volume honors her with chapters written by former students and colleagues, who track in their own research the theme of psycholinguistic contributions to our understanding of the nature and remediation of child language disorders. In this volume, such renowned researchers in child language development as Dorothy Bishop, Judith Johnston, and Ray Kent, among others, discuss their research in certain populations in the context of the significance of, limits of, and alternatives to Robin Chapman’s developmental interactionist perspective. Studies of disordered language in Down’s Syndrome and Specific Language Impairment, in particular, attribute much progress in our understanding of the pragmatic and comprehension skills in these populations to the developmental perspective. Language Disorders From a Developmental Perspective opens with a reprint of Robin Chapman’s seminal 2001 article from The Journal of Child Psychiatry and Psychology. It concludes with a new chapter from Dr. Chapman summarizing what we know and what we don’t know about language disorders within the developmental framework, and pointing to future areas of research and intervention. Clinicians as well as scholars will benefit from this book, as will students in programs of developmental psycholinguistics, child language disorders, and learning disabilities.
Language Disorders in Children: Fundamental Concepts of Assessment and Intervention
by Joan N. KaderavekThis text is more than an introductory look at language disorders. It goes beyond basic concepts and basic definitions to teach students how to analyze, synthesize, evaluate, and link the information they are learning. It offers readers opportunities for higher-order learning, while preparing students to become careful evaluators of information, as well as adept problem solvers. Organized by disorder groups and theme, Language Disorders in Children, 2/e helps students easily make connections between theoretical information and clinical practice through a number of thoughtful features such as case histories, clinical decision trees, and hot topic discussions. It's an approach that meets the needs of today's students to learn lifetime critical thinking skills, to see relationships between isolated ideas and facts, and to think like a speech-language pathologist.
Language Diversity in Greece: Local Challenges with International Implications (Multilingual Education #36)
by Peter Pericles Trifonas Themistoklis Aravossitas Vasilia Kourtis-Kazoullis Eleni SkourtouThis volume explores how linguistic and cultural diversity in Greece, caused by various waves of emigration and immigration, has transformed Greek society and its educational system. It examines the country’s current linguistic diversity, which is characterised by the languages of immigrants, repatriates, refugees, Roma, Muslim minorities, and Pomaks as well as linguistic varieties and dialects; and how schools and the state have designed and implemented programmes to deal with the significant educational challenges posed by these culturally and linguistically diverse groups. In this regard, the book takes into account the nature and evolution of Greek society; Greece’s traditional role as a labour-exporting country with a long history of migration to other countries; and major political, economic and social developments, such as the collapse of communism, the opening of borders in Eastern Europe, and the influx of immigrants from Muslim countries.
Language Incompetence: Learning to Communicate through Cancer, Disability, and Anomalous Embodiment
by Suresh CanagarajahThis book is framed as a memoir of the author’s journey through a cancer diagnosis and resulting impairments, as he continued his teaching and research activities during and after medical procedures. The narrative weaves together theoretical debates, textual analyses, and ethnographic data from communicative practices to redefine language competence. The book demonstrates: the generative and resistant value of human vulnerability the importance of vulnerability in motivating engagement with social networks and material ecologies for productive thinking, communication, and community the role of relational ethics in social and communicative life a decolonizing orientation to disability studies and language competence. While language competence was traditionally defined as mentally internalized grammatical knowledge for individual mastery of communication, this book demonstrates the need for distributed, ethical, and embodied practice. The book is intended for graduate students and researchers in language and literacy studies. It would interest scholars outside these disciplines to understand what language studies can offer to address the role of disabilities, impairments, and debilities in embodied communication and thinking. In the context of the global pandemic, compounded by environmental catastrophes and structural injustices which disproportionately affect marginalized communities, the book helps readers treat human vulnerability as the starting point for ethical social relations, strategic communication, and transformative education.
Language Is Gesture
by David McNeillA new way of viewing language, as a dynamic mode of meaning-making of which gesture is a fundamental part.When David McNeill began his work on gesture more than forty years ago, language and the action of speaking were regarded as separate realms. But language, says McNeill in Language Is Gesture, is dynamic and gesture is fundamental to speaking. Central to his conception of language, and distinct from linguistic analysis, is what McNeill calls the &“growth point,&” the starting point of making thought and speech one. He uses the term &“gesture–speech unity&” to refer to the dynamic dimension of adding gesture to speaking. It is the growth point that achieves this unity, whereby thought is embedded in gesture and speech at the same time.Gesture is the engine of language. It is foundational to speaking, language acquisition, the origin of language, animal communication, thought, and consciousness. Gesture is global and synthetic and brings energy; speech is linear and segmented and brings cultural standards. The growth point is a snapshot of an utterance at its beginning psychological stage, the starting point of unifying thought and speech. Growth points create gesture–speech unity by synchronizing a bundle of linguistic features with a gesture that carries the same meaning. This gesture–speech unity is a form of thought, a unique form of cognition.
Language Matters in Contemporary Zimbabwe (Routledge African Media, Culture and Communication Studies)
by Esther Mavengano Collen SabaoSpeaking to a broader global preoccupation with the state of languages and language development, this book considers issues surrounding the diverse languages, linguistic communities, and cultures of Zimbabwe.Reflecting on Shona, Xitsonga, Sotho, Xhosa, Tjwao, Nambya, IsiNdebele, Nyanja, Tshivenda, English and Braille, the book uncovers both the internal and external factors that impact language structures, language use and language ideologies across the country. The book considers how colonial legacies and contemporary language domination and minoritisation have led to language endangerment. It considers the fate of communities whose languages are marginalised and, in the process, poses questions on what can and should be done to preserve Zimbabwean languages. The authors' offerings range across subjects as diverse as music, linguistic innovation, education, human rights, literature, language politics and language policy, in order to build a rich and nuanced picture of language matters in the country.Coming at a critical moment of increasing mobility, migration, cultural plurality and globalisation, this book will be an important resource for researchers across African literature, linguistics, communication, policy and politics.
Language Patterns in Spanish and Beyond: Structure, Context and Development (Routledge Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics)
by Juan J. Colomina-AlmiñanaThe scholarly articles included in this volume represent significant contributions to the fields of formal and descriptive syntax, conversational analysis and speech act theory, as well as language development and bilingualism. Taken together, these studies adopt a variety of methodological techniques—ranging from grammaticality judgments to corpus-based analysis to experimental approaches—to offer rich insights into different aspects of Ibero-Romance grammar. The volume consists of three parts, organized in accordance with the topics treated in the chapters they comprise. Part I focuses on structural patterns, Part II analyzes pragmatic ones, and Part III investigates the acquisition of linguistic aspects found in the speech of L1, L2 and heritage speakers. The authors address these issues by relying on empirically rooted linguistic approaches to data collection, which are coupled with current theoretical assumptions on the nature of sentence structure, discourse dynamics and language acquisition. The volume will be of interest to anyone researching or studying Hispanic and Ibero-Romance linguistics.
Language Practices in Social Work: Categorisation and Accountability in Child Welfare
by Srikant Sarangi Christopher Hall Stefaan SlembrouckAnalysis of language and discourse in social sciences has become increasingly popular over the past thirty years. Only very recently has it been applied to the study of social work, despite the fact that communication and language are central to social work practice. This book looks at how social workers, their clients and other professionals categorise and manage the problems of social work in ways which are rendered understandable, accountable and which justify professional intervention. Features include: studies of key practice areas in social work, such as interviews, case conferences, home visits analysis of the language and construction used in typical case studies of everyday social work practice exploration of the ways in which professionals can examine their own practice and uncover the discursive, narrative and rhetorical methods that they use. The purpose of this engaging study is to increase awareness of language and discourse in order to help develop better practice in social work. It is essential reading for professionals in social work, child welfare and the human services and will be a valuable contribution to the study of professional language and communication.
Language Processing in Discourse: A Key to Felicitous Translation (Routledge Studies in Germanic Linguistics #Vol. 9)
by Monika DohertyThis book argues that language systems determine language use to a greater extent than is generally assumed. The author demonstrates how the typological characteristics of a language determine even the most general aspects of our stylistic preferences.Through extensive analysis of examples in German and English, the author demonstrates how analogous options of sentence structure must be surrendered in order to achieve felicitous translations. Two major aspects that determine the appropriateness of language use are examined: language processing and discourse-dependency. Essential reading for translation scholars and linguists involved in the comparative study of English and German, this book will also be of interest to scholars of psycholinguistics and cognitive science, as well as translators and linguists more generally.
Language Processing in Spanish
by José Manuel Carreiras NúriaThis book presents a set of contributions to the current flow of psycholinguistic research, with new and challenging data gathered from Spanish that may illuminate issues about the generality of language processing models. Although it is possible to find a considerable amount of papers on psycholinguistic research with the Spanish language published in English-speaking journals, unfortunately, the scientific community does not have access to an overview of psycholinguistics in Spain. This book overcomes these limitations because it brings together state-of-the-art descriptions of the research and theory of the different subareas of psycholinguistics currently being studied in Spain. Spanish, the third most widely-used language in the world, differs from English in a number of important respects. Since English has been predominant in psycholinguistic research, contrasting properties of Spanish may help to test the generality of language processing mechanisms and to refine their description. The set of contrasting features considered in this book includes acoustical and syllabic transparency, shallow orthography, a much richer morphology, flexibility in word order, less variability in intonational contours, and the existence of null pronominal subjects for inflected verbs. There are also interesting contrasts in the frequency of different linguistic units, whose impact on language processing is also evaluated. One of the main lines of argument throughout this book deals with the tension between universality and variation as a way of characterizing the functioning of language capacities and processes. The variety of topics covered by this book ranges from one end of the spectrum of language related behavior to the other: speech perception, lexical access in word recognition, relations between phonological and orthographic representations, sentence processing, discourse comprehension, and language production. All chapters focus on questions of general interest within each topic, and in most cases they appeal to one particular feature of the Spanish language that is relevant for a given question. Most chapters show the indisputable importance of crosslinguistic research in psycholinguistics to improve understanding on whether universal cognitive mechanisms and language specific routines underlie the ability of understanding and producing language.
Language Rights and the Law in the European Union
by Eduardo D. FaingoldThis book examines the language policies relating to linguistic rights in European Union law and in the constitutions and legal statutes of some European Union member states. In recent years, the European Union has seen an increase in claims for language recognition by minority groups representing a considerable population (such as Catalan in Spain and Welsh in the UK). Additionally, there is a developing situation surrounding the official use of English within the European Union in the aftermath of the Brexit vote. In light of these two contexts, this book focuses on the degree of legal protection afforded to linguistic groups in the European Union. It will be of interest to students and scholars of language policy, EU law, minority languages and sociolinguistics.
Language Shock: Understanding the Culture of Conversation
by Michael H. AgarThe key to communication, says linguistic anthropologist Michael Agar, is understanding the context and culture of conversation. In this book, Agar reveals how deeply our language and cultural values intertwine to define who we are and how we relate to one another. From paying an electric bill in Austria to opening a bank account in Mexico to handling a parking ticket in the United States, he shows how routine tasks become lessons in the subtleties of conversation when we venture outside our cultural sphere. <p><p>With humorous, insightful stories from his extensive travels, Agar engages us in a lively study of "languaculture" and enriches our view of the world.
Language Socialization in Chinese Diasporas: Indexicality of Confucian Ideologies in Family Talk (Routledge Studies in Chinese Discourse Analysis)
by Hsin-fu ChiuThe monograph provides ethnographically informed analyses of indigenous kin interactions in three Chinese diasporic households in the county of Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Drawing upon the approach that regards talk as a form of social practice, the book demonstrates different ways in which kin relationships are indigenously orchestrated by foreign Chinese parents and their American-born children. Micro-analytically, social actions of membership categorization, attribution, deference, compliance, commands, and story-telling that unfold in kin interactions are foregrounded as key language devices to discuss ways in which epistemic asymmetry, power hierarchy, and harmony in kin relations are constructed or deconstructed in Chinese diasporic social lives. By way of illustration, the monograph, macro-analytically, speaks to the cultural stereotype of Chinese immigrant/foreign parents’ style of parenting when they pass on the traditional Confucian ideologies in kin interaction. This book can be a useful reference textbook for graduate courses that address the dynamic intricacy among language, culture, and society.
Language Teaching and Language Technology
by John Nerbonne Sake Jager Arthur Van EssenThis text assesses the importance of language technology to increasingly popular computer-assisted language learning work. The book contains writings on pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, reading, writing, testing, distance learning and user studies.
Language That Leads: Communication Strategies that Inspire and Engage
by Kasia WezowskiInspire and motivate your team using powerful verbal and nonverbal communication strategies.Today&’s leaders need to use effective, empathetic communication to bring out the best in their team members and let each individual shine.Kasia Wezowski, a leading researcher on body language and communication skills, combines her cutting-edge research with Marshall Goldsmith&’s leadership development methodology in this practical and timely resource for leaders. Goldsmith believes that a leader&’s job is to bring out the best in each team member and Language That Leads breaks down the ten core qualities of leadership, providing easy-to-follow implementation steps to express, observe, and project these qualities effectively through verbal and nonverbal communication.In these pages, readers will learn:How to integrate adaptability, empathy, engagement, and transparency in interpersonal communication.How to cultivate courage, discipline, and integrity in order to build self-trust and garner trust from others.How to develop humility, positivity, and purpose in order to be a quietly powerful role model to team members.How to transform oneself internally to embody these ten qualities and empower others to do the same.
Language Unlimited: The Science Behind Our Most Creative Power
by David AdgerAll humans, but no other species, have the capacity to create and understand language. It provides structure to our thoughts, allowing us to plan, communicate, and create new ideas, without limit. Yet we have only finite experiences, and our languages have finite stores of words. Where does our linguistic creativity come from? How does the endless scope of language emerge from our limited selves? Drawing on research from neuroscience, psychology, and linguistics, David Adger takes the reader on a journey to the hidden structure behind all we say (or sign) and understand. Along the way you'll meet children who created language out of almost nothing, and find out how new languages emerge using structures found in languages spoken continents away. David Adger will show you how the more than 7000 languages in the world appear to obey the same deep scientific laws, how to invent a language that breaks these, and how our brains go crazy when we try to learn languages that just aren't possible. You'll discover why rats are better than we are at picking up certain language patterns, why apes are far worse at others, and how artificial intelligences, such as those behind Alexa and Siri, understand language in a very un-human way. This book explores the many mysteries about our capacity for language and reveals the source of its endless creativity.