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Complexity Dichotomies for Counting Problems
by Xi Chen Jin-Yi CaiComplexity theory aims to understand and classify computational problems, especially decision problems, according to their inherent complexity. This book uses new techniques to expand the theory for use with counting problems. The authors present dichotomy classifications for broad classes of counting problems in the realm of P and NP. Classifications are proved for partition functions of spin systems, graph homomorphisms, constraint satisfaction problems, and Holant problems. The book assumes minimal prior knowledge of computational complexity theory, developing proof techniques as needed and gradually increasing the generality and abstraction of the theory. This volume presents the theory on the Boolean domain, and includes a thorough presentation of holographic algorithms, culminating in classifications of computational problems studied in exactly solvable models from statistical mechanics.
Complexity Measurements and Causation for Dynamic Complex Systems (Understanding Complex Systems)
by Juan Guillermo Diaz OchoaThis book examines the problems of causal determinism and limited completeness in systems theory. Furthermore, the author analyzes options for complexity measurements that include systems&’ autonomy and variability for causal inference—i.e., the ability to derive causal relationships from data recorded as a function of time. Such complexity measures present limitations in the derivation of absolute causality in complex systems and the recognition of relative and contextual causality, with practical consequences for causal inference and modeling. Finally, the author provides concepts for relative causal determinism. As a result, new ideas are presented to explore the frontiers of systems theory, specifically in relation to biological systems and teleonomy, i.e., evolved biological purposiveness. This book is written for graduate students in physics, biology, medicine, social sciences, economics, and engineering who are seeking new concepts of causal inference applied in systems theory. It is also intended for scientists with an interest in philosophy and philosophers interested in the foundations of systems theory. Additionally, data scientists seeking new methods for the analysis of time series to extract features useful for machine learning will find this book of interest.
Complexity and Approximation: In Memory of Ker-I Ko (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12000)
by Ding-Zhu Du Jie WangThis Festschrift is in honor of Ker-I Ko, Professor in the Stony Brook University, USA. Ker-I Ko was one of the founding fathers of computational complexity over real numbers and analysis. He and Harvey Friedman devised a theoretical model for real number computations by extending the computation of Turing machines. He contributed significantly to advancing the theory of structural complexity, especially on polynomial-time isomorphism, instance complexity, and relativization of polynomial-time hierarchy. Ker-I also made many contributions to approximation algorithm theory of combinatorial optimization problems. This volume contains 17 contributions in the area of complexity and approximation. Those articles are authored by researchers over the world, including North America, Europe and Asia. Most of them are co-authors, colleagues, friends, and students of Ker-I Ko.
Complexity and Emergence in Market Ecosystems (New Economic Windows)
by Francesco Polese Debora Sarno Stephen Louis VargoThis book delves into the intricacies of transformative processes, focusing particularly on radical and disruptive changes that shape markets, social systems, organizations, cities, and service ecosystems. In a world characterized by turbulence, unpredictability, and complex challenges, managers and marketers are tasked with navigating change and driving progress. Drawing on frameworks, typologies, and insights from diverse theories—including complexity theory, emergence theory, and service-dominant logic—this book equips academics and practitioners with the tools to analyze, understand, and facilitate the transformation of their systems. Rooted in research and discussions from international academic events such as the Naples Forum on Service and the Forum of Markets and Marketing, this book offers invaluable guidance for those seeking to design sustainable transformations in today's dynamic landscape.
Complexity in Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technology Research: Applications of Emergent and Neglected Methods (FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship)
by Andreas Kuckertz Elisabeth S.C. BergerThisvolume discusses the challenge of dealing with complexity in entrepreneurship,innovation and technology research. Businesses as well as entire economies areincreasingly being confronted by widespread complex systems. Fields such asentrepreneurship and innovation cannot ignore this reality, especially withtheir inherent links to diverse research fields and interdisciplinary methods. However, most methods that allow more detailed analyses of complex problems areeither neglected in mainstream research or are, at best, still emerging. Against this backdrop, this book provides a forum for the discussion ofemergent and neglected methods in the context of complexity inentrepreneurship, innovation and technology research, and also acts as aninspiration for academics across related disciplines to engage more incomplexity research.
Complexity in Financial Markets: Modeling Psychological Behavior in Agent-Based Models and Order Book Models (Springer Theses)
by Matthieu CristelliTools and methods from complex systems science can have a considerable impact on the way in which the quantitative assessment of economic and financial issues is approached, as discussed in this thesis. First it is shown that the self-organization of financial markets is a crucial factor in the understanding of their dynamics. In fact, using an agent-based approach, it is argued that financial markets' stylized facts appear only in the self-organized state. Secondly, the thesis points out the potential of so-called big data science for financial market modeling, investigating how web-driven data can yield a picture of market activities: it has been found that web query volumes anticipate trade volumes. As a third achievement, the metrics developed here for country competitiveness and product complexity is groundbreaking in comparison to mainstream theories of economic growth and technological development. A key element in assessing the intangible variables determining the success of countries in the present globalized economy is represented by the diversification of the productive basket of countries. The comparison between the level of complexity of a country's productive system and economic indicators such as the GDP per capita discloses its hidden growth potential.
Complexity in Information Systems Development: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Information Systems Development (Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation #22)
by Michael Lang Christoph Schneider Chris Barry Henry Linger Jerzy Gołuchowski Małgorzata PańkowskaThis volume is a collection of papers on emerging concepts, approaches and ideas in information systems research. It examines theoretical and methodological issues related to both information systems development in general and the complexity of information systems as socio-technical systems. The book draws on invited papers selected from the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Information Systems Development (ISD) held in Katowice, Poland, August 24 - 26, 2016. The invited conference papers were revised and expanded and present research that is focused on context, creativity, and cognition in information systems development. These issues are significant as they provide the basis for organizations to identify new markets, support innovative technology deployment, and enable mobile applications to detect, sense, interpret, and respond to the environment.
Complexity-Aware High Efficiency Video Coding
by Guilherme Corrêa Pedro Assunção Luciano Agostini Luis A. Silva CruzThis book discusses computational complexity of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) encoders with coverage extending from the analysis of HEVC compression efficiency and computational complexity to the reduction and scaling of its encoding complexity. After an introduction to the topic and a review of the state-of-the-art research in the field, the authors provide a detailed analysis of the HEVC encoding tools compression efficiency and computational complexity. Readers will benefit from a set of algorithms for scaling the computational complexity of HEVC encoders, all of which take advantage from the flexibility of the frame partitioning structures allowed by the standard. The authors also provide a set of early termination methods based on data mining and machine learning techniques, which are able to reduce the computational complexity required to find the best frame partitioning structures. The applicability of the proposed methods is finally exemplified with an encoding time control system that employs the best complexity reduction and scaling methods presented throughout the book. The methods presented in this book are especially useful in power-constrained, portable multimedia devices to reduce energy consumption and to extend battery life. They can also be applied to portable and non-portable multimedia devices operating in real time with limited computational resources.
Compliance Management in Financial Industries: A Model-based Business Process and Reporting Perspective (SpringerBriefs in Information Systems)
by Mathias EggertSince the peak of the world financial crisis in 2008, compliance management has gained more and more interest from practice and research. In particular the financial service industry is strongly regulated and has to follow specific laws, standards and guidelines. Considering the steadily increasing number of legal requirements in the design of information systems is a challenge to financial service providers. This book investigates the challenges of compliance management in financial industries and provides solutions for a compliant design of information models. From a business process perspective, an approach is presented that enables the automatic checking of business process models. From a supervisory reporting perspective a modeling technique is presented that allows for modeling regulatory data warehouse requirements as well as its analysis. Besides these two perspectives the author provides insights into the perceived relationship of Information Systems and Law.
Compliance by Design
by Chong EeA must have book for anyone who is looking to develop awareness and deeper insight into IT controls, strategies and techniques to solve compliance challenges!What does 'compliance' mean to you? Is it a burden, a box-ticking exercise, or a way to avoid the penalties of non-compliance? Or do you see the opportunities it presents for your business? In Compliance by Design, Chong Ee will show you how your organisation can benefit from becoming compliant with the relevant national and international standards. You will discover how integrating controls into your processes will improve your security, increase your productivity, save you time and money, and increase your profits. Drawing on personal experience and using up-to-date, practical examples, the book considers the elements and principles of controls, and offers strategies to put them in place. It will show you how to:implement changes that will improve your processes allay fears and overcome resistance from your stakeholders integrate controls into your everyday processes achieve synergy from interconnected processes assess your priorities and handle conflicting objectives analyse and manage risks establish a system of controls that is right for your business manage your technology to make it work for you. Moving away from traditional effortsTraditional efforts in attaining or sustaining IT compliance employ an outside-looking-in approach, characterised by capturing varied compliance requirements and/or frameworks and applying these within the organisation. This book advocates an inside-looking-out approach, emphasising fundamental ideas of good control design as the basis for developing effective and sustainable IT compliance strategies. Tools and techniquesIntended to arm you with the tools and techniques to put in place the right system of internal controls, the focus is on IT controls, but with plenty of references to business and entity controls, too.
Compliance for Green IT: A Pocket Guide
by Alan CalderRising levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are leading to a gradual rise in the temperature of the earth. With the signature of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, many countries committed themselves to lowering their emissions of greenhouse gases in order to reduce the speed at which climate change is happening. Many organisations are now responding to the issue of climate change by improving their energy efficiency. Public opinion and customer expectations are also encouraging companies to adopt green initiatives. IT represents an important element of your organisation's environmental policy, not only as regards carbon emissions but also in terms of waste disposal. This pocket guide is intended to provide company directors and executives with a brief guide to the regulatory requirements that are driven by the Green Agenda. It offers you an overview of the key legislative initiatives and environmental standards, and includes an examination of carbon trading schemes.
Compliance-Industrial Complex: The Operating System of a Pre-Crime Society
by Tereza Østbø KuldovaThis is the first book to examine the growth and phenomenon of a securitized and criminalized compliance society which relies increasingly on intelligence-led and predictive technologies to control future risks, crimes, and security threats. It articulates the emergence of a ‘compliance-industrial complex’ that synthesizes regulatory capitalism and surveillance capitalism to impose new regimes of power and control, as well as new forms of subjectivity subservient to the ‘operating system’ of a pre-crime society. Looking at compliance beyond frameworks of business management, corporate governance, law, and accounting, it looks as it as a social phenomenon, instrumental in the pluralization and privatization of policing, where the private intelligence, private security, and big tech companies are being concentrated at the very core of compliance, and hence, governance of the social. The critical book draws on transversal, rather than interdisciplinary, approaches and integrates disparate perspectives, inspired by works in critical criminology, critical algorithm studies, critical management studies, as well as social anthropology and philosophy.
Compliance: EXCERPT from Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Inside Out
by Tony RedmondThis content is a direct excerpt of Chapter 11 from the book Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Inside Out: Mailbox & High Availability. This concise ebook is offered independently of the larger book for those seeking specific, focused information on compliance management and support in Exchange Server 2013. Directly excerpts Chapter 11 from the book Microsoft Exchange Server 2013 Inside Out: Mailbox & High Availability Offered as concise, standalone content for Exchange professionals looking for narrowly focused reference or specific problem-solving information on compliance issues and features Written by award-winning author Tony Redmond, MVP for Exchange Server
Component- Oriented Development and Assembly: Paradigm, Principles, and Practice using Java (Infosys Press)
by Piram Manickam S. Sangeetha S. V. SubrahmanyaThis book supplies comprehensive coverage of the principles, practice, and paradigm of component-oriented development and assembly. The first part provides the conceptual foundation for component-oriented software. Part II focuses on the various standard Java component models and describes how to develop a component-oriented system using these component models. Part III covers the various aspects of the component-oriented development paradigm. The text focuses on component oriented software development from a technical concepts perspective, designer's perspective, programmer's perspective, and manager's perspective.
Component-Based Software Engineering: Methods and Metrics
by Santosh Kumar Umesh Kumar TiwariThis book focuses on a specialized branch of the vast domain of software engineering: component-based software engineering (CBSE). Component-Based Software Engineering: Methods and Metrics enhances the basic understanding of components by defining categories, characteristics, repository, interaction, complexity, and composition. It divides the research domain of CBSE into three major sub-domains: (1) reusability issues, (2) interaction and integration issues, and (3) testing and reliability issues. This book covers the state-of-the-art literature survey of at least 20 years in the domain of reusability, interaction and integration complexities, and testing and reliability issues of component-based software engineering. The aim of this book is not only to review and analyze the previous works conducted by eminent researchers, academicians, and organizations in the context of CBSE, but also suggests innovative, efficient, and better solutions. A rigorous and critical survey of traditional and advanced paradigms of software engineering is provided in the book. Features: In-interactions and Out-Interactions both are covered to assess the complexity. In the context of CBSE both white-box and black-box testing methods and their metrics are described. This work covers reliability estimation using reusability which is an innovative method. Case studies and real-life software examples are used to explore the problems and their solutions. Students, research scholars, software developers, and software designers or individuals interested in software engineering, especially in component-based software engineering, can refer to this book to understand the concepts from scratch. These measures and metrics can be used to estimate the software before the actual coding commences.
Component-Based Systems: Estimating Efforts Using Soft Computing Techniques
by Kirti Seth Ashish Seth Aprna TripathiBusinesses today are faced with a highly competitive market and fast-changing technologies. In order to meet demanding customers’ needs, they rely on high quality software. A new field of study, soft computing techniques, is needed to estimate the efforts invested in component-based software. Component-Based Systems: Estimating Efforts Using Soft Computing Techniques is an important resource that uses computer-based models for estimating efforts of software. It provides an overview of component-based software engineering, while addressing uncertainty involved in effort estimation and expert opinions. This book will also instruct the reader how to develop mathematical models. This book is an excellent source of information for students and researchers to learn soft computing models, their applications in software management, and will help software developers, managers, and those in the industry to apply soft computing techniques to estimate efforts.
Componential Analysis of Kinship Terminology
by Vladimir PericlievThis book presents the first computer program automating the task of componential analysis of kinship vocabularies. The book examines the program in relation to two basic problems: the commonly occurring inconsistency of componential models; and the huge number of alternative componential models.
Components and Services for IoT Platforms: Paving the Way for IoT Standards
by Michael Hübner Nikolaos Voros Georgios KeramidasThis book serves as a single-source reference to the state-of-the-art in Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, services, tools, programming languages, and applications. In particular, the authors focus on IoT-related requirements such as low-power, time-to-market, connectivity, reliability, interoperability, security, and privacy. Authors discuss the question of whether we need new IoT standardization bodies or initiatives, toward a fully connected, cyber-physical world. Coverage includes the research outcomes of several, current European projects related to IoT platforms, services, APIs, tools, and applications.
Composability, Comprehensibility and Correctness of Working Software: 8th Summer School, CEFP 2019, Budapest, Hungary, June 17–21, 2019, Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11950)
by Viktória Zsók Zoltán PorkolábThis book constitutes the revised selected papers of the 8th Summer School, CEFP 2019, held in Budapest, Hungary, during June 2019.The 7 full papers and the 4 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected. The lectures cover various programming subjects with a focus on composability, comprehensibility, and correctness of working software.
Composable Enterprise: Gamechanger für Organisation, Digitalisierung und Unternehmenssoftware
by August-Wilhelm ScheerDer Nutzen der Digitalisierung liegt nicht im Einsatz neuer Technologien für bestehende Prozesse, sondern in organisatorischen Änderungen und neuen Geschäftsmodellen. Das Buch stellt das Composable Enterprise als Leitbild für eine erfolgreiche digitale Transformation und damit verbundene Kostenreduktionen und Umsatzsteigerungen heraus. Was bedeutet das? Ein Composable Enterprise ist dezentral prozessorientiert organisiert. Dadurch kann das Unternehmen schnell auf neue Situationen reagieren, Prozesse und Geschäftsmodelle entwickeln oder verändern. Die Informationssysteme basieren auf Plattformarchitekturen. Ein Paradigmenwechsel zu monolithischen Anwendungen.Branchenkonzepte für Industrie, Consulting und Hochschulen zeigen, wie Organisation und Anwendungsarchitekturen im Composable Enterprise ineinandergreifen.Der Leser erhält Inspiration, Fundament und einen Kompass für die digitale Transformation eines Unternehmens zum Composable Enterprise.
Composing Audiovisually: Perspectives on audiovisual practices and relationships (Sound Design)
by Louise HarrisWhat does the Coen Brothers’ Barton Fink have in common with Norman McLaren’s Synchromy? Or with audiovisual sculpture? Or contemporary music video? Composing Audiovisually interrogates how the relationship between the audiovisual media in these works, and our interaction with them, might allow us to develop mechanisms for talking about and understanding our experience of audiovisual media across a broad range of modes. Presenting close readings of audiovisual artefacts, conversations with artists, consideration of contemporary pedagogy and a detailed conceptual and theoretical framework that considers the nature of contemporary audiovisual experience, this book attempts to address gaps in our discourse on audiovisual modes, and offer possible starting points for future, genuinely transdisciplinary thinking in the field.
Composing Fisher Kernels from Deep Neural Models: A Practitioner's Approach (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Tayyaba Azim Sarah AhmedThis book shows machine learning enthusiasts and practitioners how to get the best of both worlds by deriving Fisher kernels from deep learning models. In addition, the book shares insight on how to store and retrieve large-dimensional Fisher vectors using feature selection and compression techniques. Feature selection and feature compression are two of the most popular off-the-shelf methods for reducing data’s high-dimensional memory footprint and thus making it suitable for large-scale visual retrieval and classification. Kernel methods long remained the de facto standard for solving large-scale object classification tasks using low-level features, until the revival of deep models in 2006. Later, they made a comeback with improved Fisher vectors in 2010. However, their supremacy was always challenged by various versions of deep models, now considered to be the state of the art for solving various machine learning and computer vision tasks. Although the two research paradigms differ significantly, the excellent performance of Fisher kernels on the Image Net large-scale object classification dataset has caught the attention of numerous kernel practitioners, and many have drawn parallels between the two frameworks for improving the empirical performance on benchmark classification tasks. Exploring concrete examples on different data sets, the book compares the computational and statistical aspects of different dimensionality reduction approaches and identifies metrics to show which approach is superior to the other for Fisher vector encodings. It also provides references to some of the most useful resources that could provide practitioners and machine learning enthusiasts a quick start for learning and implementing a variety of deep learning models and kernel functions.
Composing Music for Games: The Art, Technology and Business of Video Game Scoring
by Chance ThomasComposing Music for Games is a guidebook for launching and maintaining a successful career as a video game composer. It offers a pragmatic approach to learning, intensified through challenging project assignments and simulations. Author Chance Thomas begins with the foundation of scoring principles applicable to all media, and then progresses serially through core methodologies specific to video game music. This book offers a powerful blend of aesthetic, technique, technology and business, which are all necessary components for a successful career as a video game composer.
Composite Sampling: A Novel Method to Accomplish Observational Economy in Environmental Studies (Environmental and Ecological Statistics #4)
by Sharad D. Gore Ganapati P. Patil Charles TaillieSampling consists of selection, acquisition, and quantification of a part of the population. While selection and acquisition apply to physical sampling units of the population, quantification pertains only to the variable of interest, which is a particular characteristic of the sampling units. A sampling procedure is expected to provide a sample that is representative with respect to some specified criteria. Composite sampling, under idealized conditions, incurs no loss of information for estimating the population means. But an important limitation to the method has been the loss of information on individual sample values, such as, the extremely large value. In many of the situations where individual sample values are of interest or concern, composite sampling methods can be suitably modified to retrieve the information on individual sample values that may be lost due to compositing. This book presents statistical solutions to issues that arise in the context of applications of composite sampling.
Composition Digital Field Guide
by Alan HessThe go-with-you guide for creating strong compositions every time you take a photo Composition requires purposeful placement of elements within the frame, including backgrounds, foregrounds, main subjects, and much more. It can take years to acquire strong compositional skills. That's where Composition Digital Field Guide comes in. Packed with full-color photos, this handy guide teaches you how to bring together photographic elements to produce photos that are unique, creative, and memorable. Addresses the skills required to master the art of good composition when taking digital photos Walks you through framing your images carefully, which is the first key step in capturing a strong photograph Features hundreds of stunning and inspiring full-color photos of people, wildlife, and landscapes Includes the newest feature of the Digital Field Guide series: a removable color checker card to help ensure true color in your photographs It will be difficult to keep your composition while reading the invaluable advice in Composition Digital Field Guide!