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Embedded Memories for Nano-Scale VLSIs
by Kevin ZhangThe book provides a comprehensive and in-depth view on the state-of-the-art embedded memory technologies. The book helps practicing engineers grasp key technology attributes and advanced design techniques in nano-scale VLSI design. It also helps them make decisions concerning the right design tradeoffs in real product development. This book first provides an overview on the landscape and trend of embedded memory in various VLSI system designs, including high-performance microprocessor, low-power mobile handheld devices, micro-controllers, and various consumer electronics. It then shows an in-depth view on each different type of embedded memory technology, including high-speed SRAM, ultra-low-voltage and alternative SRAM, embedded DRAM, embedded nonvolatile memory, and emerging or so-called "universal" memories such as FeRAM, MRAM, and PRAM. Each topic covers all the key technology attributes from a product application perspective, ranging from technology scaling challenges to advanced circuit techniques for achieving optimal design tradeoff in performance and power. As VLSI systems become increasingly dependent on on-die memory to provide adequate memory bandwidth for various applications, the book gives readers a broader view of this important field and helps them to achieve their optimal design goals for different applications. This book provides readers a broad knowledge on the entire embedded memory technologies in order to better comprehend the technologies and create optimal memory solutions in real applications.
Embedded Memory Design for Multi-Core and Systems on Chip
by Baker MohammadThis book describes the various tradeoffs systems designers face when designing embedded memory. Readers designing multi-core systems and systems on chip will benefit from the discussion of different topics from memory architecture, array organization, circuit design techniques and design for test. The presentation enables a multi-disciplinary approach to chip design, which bridges the gap between the architecture level and circuit level, in order to address yield, reliability and power-related issues for embedded memory.
Embedded Microprocessor System Design using FPGAs
by Uwe Meyer-BaeseThis textbook for courses in Embedded Systems introduces students to necessary concepts, through a hands-on approach. It gives a great introduction to FPGA-based microprocessor system design using state-of-the-art boards, tools, and microprocessors from Altera/Intel® and Xilinx®. HDL-based designs (soft-core), parameterized cores (Nios II and MicroBlaze), and ARM Cortex-A9 design are discussed, compared and explored using many hand-on designs projects. Custom IP for HDMI coder, Floating-point operations, and FFT bit-swap are developed, implemented, tested and speed-up is measured. Downloadable files include all design examples such as basic processor synthesizable code for Xilinx and Altera tools for PicoBlaze, MicroBlaze, Nios II and ARMv7 architectures in VHDL and Verilog code, as well as the custom IP projects. Each Chapter has a substantial number of short quiz questions, exercises, and challenging projects. Explains soft, parameterized, and hard core systems design tradeoffs;Demonstrates design of popular KCPSM6 8 Bit microprocessor step-by-step;Discusses the 32 Bit ARM Cortex-A9 and a basic processor is synthesized;Covers design flows for both FPGA Market leaders Nios II Altera/Intel and MicroBlaze Xilinx system;Describes Compiler-Compiler Tool development;Includes a substantial number of Homework’s and FPGA exercises and design projects in each chapter.
Embedded Multimedia Security Systems
by Joseph Zambreno Amit PandeOpening with a detailed review of existing techniques for selective encryption, this text then examines algorithms that combine both encryption and compression. The book also presents a selection of specific examples of the design and implementation of secure embedded multimedia systems. Features: reviews the historical developments and latest techniques in multimedia compression and encryption; discusses an approach to reduce the computational cost of multimedia encryption, while preserving the properties of compressed video; introduces a polymorphic wavelet architecture that can make dynamic resource allocation decisions according to the application requirements; proposes a light-weight multimedia encryption strategy based on a modified discrete wavelet transform; describes a reconfigurable hardware implementation of a chaotic filter bank scheme with enhanced security features; presents an encryption scheme for image and video data based on chaotic arithmetic coding.
Embedded Operating Systems
by Alan Holt Chi-Yu HuangThis practically-oriented textbook provides a clear introduction to the different component parts of an operating system and how these work together. The easy-to-follow text covers the bootloader, kernel, filesystem, shared libraries, start-up scripts, configuration files and system utilities. The procedure for building each component is described in detail, guiding the reader through the process of creating a fully functional GNU/Linux embedded OS. Features: presents a concise overview of the GNU/Linux system, and a detailed review of GNU/Linux filesystems; describes how to build an embedded system to run on a virtual machine, and to run natively on an actual processor; introduces the concept of the compiler toolchain, demonstrating how to develop a cross toolchain so that programs can be built on a range of different architectures; discusses the ARM-based platforms BeagleBone and Raspberry Pi; explains how to build OpenWRT firmware images for OMxP Open-mesh devices and the Dragino MS14 series.
Embedded Operating Systems
by Alan Holt Chi-Yu HuangThis easy-to- follow textbook/reference guides the reader through the creation of a fully functional embedded operating system, from its source code, in order to develop a deeper understanding of each component and how they work together. The text describes in detail the procedure for building the bootloader, kernel, filesystem, shared libraries, start-up scripts, configuration files and system utilities, to produce a GNU/Linux operating system. This fully updated second edition also includes new material on virtual machine technologies such as VirtualBox, Vagrant and the Linux container system Docker.Topics and features: presents an overview of the GNU/Linux system, introducing the components of the system, and covering aspects of process management, input/output and environment; discusses containers and the underlying kernel technology upon which they are based; provides a detailed examination of the GNU/Linux filesystem; explains how to build an embedded system under a virtual machine, and how to build an embedded system to run natively on an actual processor;introduces the concept of the compiler toolchain, and reviews the platforms BeagleBone and Raspberry Pi; describes how to build firmware images for devices running the Openwrt operating system.The hands-on nature and clearly structured approach of this textbook will appeal strongly to practically minded undergraduate and graduate level students, as well as to industry professionals involved in this area.
Embedded Programming with Modern C++ Cookbook: Practical recipes to help you build robust and secure embedded applications on Linux
by Igor ViarheichykExplore various constraints and challenges that embedded developers encounter in their daily tasks and learn how to build effective programs using the latest standards of C++ Key Features Get hands-on experience in developing a sample application for an embedded Linux-based system Explore advanced topics such as concurrency, real-time operating system (RTOS), and C++ utilities Learn how to test and debug your embedded applications using logs and profiling tools Book Description Developing applications for embedded systems may seem like a daunting task as developers face challenges related to limited memory, high power consumption, and maintaining real-time responses. This book is a collection of practical examples to explain how to develop applications for embedded boards and overcome the challenges that you may encounter while developing. The book will start with an introduction to embedded systems and how to set up the development environment. By teaching you to build your first embedded application, the book will help you progress from the basics to more complex concepts, such as debugging, logging, and profiling. Moving ahead, you will learn how to use specialized memory and custom allocators. From here, you will delve into recipes that will teach you how to work with the C++ memory model, atomic variables, and synchronization. The book will then take you through recipes on inter-process communication, data serialization, and timers. Finally, you will cover topics such as error handling and guidelines for real-time systems and safety-critical systems. By the end of this book, you will have become proficient in building robust and secure embedded applications with C++. What you will learn Get to grips with the fundamentals of an embedded system Understand how to optimize code for the targeted hardware platforms Explore cross-compilation, build types, and remote debugging Discover the importance of logging for debugging and root cause analysis of failures Uncover concepts such as interrupt service routine, memory model, and ring buffer Recognize the need for custom memory management in embedded systems Delve into static code analyzers and tools to improve code quality Who this book is for This book is for developers, electronic hardware professionals, and software and system-on-chip engineers who want to build effective embedded programs in C++. Familiarity with the C++ programming language is expected, but no previous knowledge of embedded systems is required.
Embedded Programming with the Microsoft® .NET Micro Framework
by Rob Miles Donald ThompsonGet the information you need for programming applications in the rich, managed-code environment of the Microsoft .NET Micro Framework. You'll learn how to extend your experience with the .NET Framework and Microsoft Visual C# through real-world examples, expert insights, and code samples--and efficiently build robust applications for the smallest devices. Discover how to: Use an object-oriented approach for programming embedded devices Create input and output port objects Develop detailed text and graphical displays that support complex user interactions Add Windows SideShow functionality into your application Implement functionality from existing applications to embedded applications Bind physical hardware events to Windows Presentation Foundation elements Establish embedded-network connections using TCP/IP Use emulation techniques for rapid-prototyping, experimentation, testing, and debugging Optimize performance of resource-constrained devices PLUS--Get code samples in Visual C# on the Web
Embedded Robotics: From Mobile Robots to Autonomous Vehicles with Raspberry Pi and Arduino
by Thomas BräunlThis book presents a unique examination of mobile robots and embedded systems, from introductory to intermediate level. It is structured in three parts, dealing with Embedded Systems (hardware and software design, actuators, sensors, PID control, multitasking), Mobile Robot Design (driving, balancing, walking, and flying robots), and Mobile Robot Applications (mapping, robot soccer, genetic algorithms, neural networks, behavior-based systems, and simulation). The book is written as a text for courses in computer science, computer engineering, IT, electronic engineering, and mechatronics, as well as a guide for robot hobbyists and researchers.
Embedded Software Design: A Practical Approach to Architecture, Processes, and Coding Techniques
by Jacob BeningoDesign higher-quality embedded software from concept through production. This book assumes basic C and microcontroller programming knowledge and is organized into three critical areas: Software Architecture and Design; Agile, DevOps, and Processes; and Development and Coding Skills.You'll start with a basic introduction to embedded software architecture and the considerations for a successful design. The book then breaks down how to architect an RTOS-based application and explore common design patterns and building blocks. Next, you'll review embedded software design processes such as TDD, CI/CD, modeling, and simulation that can be used to accelerate development. Finally, the book will examine how to select a microcontroller, write configurable code, coding strategies, techniques, and tools developers can’t live without.Embedded systems are typically designed using microcontrollers to build electronic systems with a dedicated function and real-time responses. Modern systems need to carefully balance a complex set of features, manage security, and even run machine learning inferences while maintaining reasonable costs, scalability, and robustness. By the end of this book, you will have a defined development process, understand modern software architecture, and be equipped to start building embedded systems. What You'll LearnUnderstand what sound embedded system design is and how to employ itExplore modern development processes for quality systemsKnow where the bits hit the silicon: how to select a microcontrollerMaster techniques to write configurable, automated codeWho This Book Is For Embedded software and hardware engineers, enthusiasts, or any stakeholders who would like to learn modern techniques for designing and building embedded systems.
Embedded Software Design and Programming of Multiprocessor System-on-Chip
by Ahmed A. Jerraya Katalin Popovici Frédéric Rousseau Marilyn WolfCurrent multimedia and telecom applications require complex, heterogeneous multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC) architectures with specific communication infrastructure in order to achieve the required performance. Heterogeneous MPSoC includes different types of processing units (DSP, microcontroller, ASIP) and different communication schemes (fast links, non standard memory organization and access). Programming an MPSoC requires the generation of efficient software running on MPSoC from a high level environment, by using the characteristics of the architecture. This task is known to be tedious and error prone, because it requires a combination of high level programming environments with low level software design. This book gives an overview of concepts related to embedded software design for MPSoC. It details a full software design approach, allowing systematic, high-level mapping of software applications on heterogeneous MPSoC. This approach is based on gradual refinement of hardware/software interfaces and simulation models allowing to validate the software at different abstraction levels. This book combines Simulink for high level programming and SystemC for the low level software development. This approach is illustrated with multiple examples of application software and MPSoC architectures that can be used for deep understanding of software design for MPSoC.
Embedded Software Development: The Open-Source Approach (Embedded Systems #4)
by Ivan Cibrario Bertolotti Tingting HuEmbedded Software Development: The Open-Source Approach delivers a practical introduction to embedded software development, with a focus on open-source components. This programmer-centric book is written in a way that enables even novice practitioners to grasp the development process as a whole. Incorporating real code fragments and explicit, real-world open-source operating system references (in particular, FreeRTOS) throughout, the text: Defines the role and purpose of embedded systems, describing their internal structure and interfacing with software development tools Examines the inner workings of the GNU compiler collection (GCC)-based software development system or, in other words, toolchain Presents software execution models that can be adopted profitably to model and express concurrency Addresses the basic nomenclature, models, and concepts related to task-based scheduling algorithms Shows how an open-source protocol stack can be integrated in an embedded system and interfaced with other software components Analyzes the main components of the FreeRTOS Application Programming Interface (API), detailing the implementation of key operating system concepts Discusses advanced topics such as formal verification, model checking, runtime checks, memory corruption, security, and dependability Embedded Software Development: The Open-Source Approach capitalizes on the authors’ extensive research on real-time operating systems and communications used in embedded applications, often carried out in strict cooperation with industry. Thus, the book serves as a springboard for further research.
Embedded Software Development for Safety-Critical Systems
by Chris Hobbs"I highly recommend Mr. Hobbs' book." - Stephen Thomas, PE, Founder and Editor of FunctionalSafetyEngineer.com <P><P>Safety-critical devices, whether medical, automotive, or industrial, are increasingly dependent on the correct operation of sophisticated software. Many standards have appeared in the last decade on how such systems should be designed and built. Developers, who previously only had to know how to program devices for their industry, must now understand remarkably esoteric development practices and be prepared to justify their work to external auditors. Embedded Software Development for Safety-Critical Systems discusses the development of safety-critical systems under the following standards: IEC 61508; ISO 26262; EN 50128; and IEC 62304. It details the advantages and disadvantages of many architectural and design practices recommended in the standards, ranging from replication and diversification, through anomaly detection to the so-called "safety bag" systems. <P><P>Reviewing the use of open-source components in safety-critical systems, this book has evolved from a course text used by QNX Software Systems for a training module on building embedded software for safety-critical devices, including medical devices, railway systems, industrial systems, and driver assistance devices in cars. Although the book describes open-source tools for the most part, it also provides enough information for you to seek out commercial vendors if that’s the route you decide to pursue. All of the techniques described in this book may be further explored through hundreds of learned articles. In order to provide you with a way in, the author supplies references he has found helpful as a working software developer. Most of these references are available to download for free.
Embedded Software Development for Safety-Critical Systems, Second Edition
by Chris HobbsThis is a book about the development of dependable, embedded software. It is for systems designers, implementers, and verifiers who are experienced in general embedded software development, but who are now facing the prospect of delivering a software-based system for a safety-critical application. It is aimed at those creating a product that must satisfy one or more of the international standards relating to safety-critical applications, including IEC 61508, ISO 26262, EN 50128, EN 50657, IEC 62304, or related standards. Of the first edition, Stephen Thomas, PE, Founder and Editor of FunctionalSafetyEngineer.com said, "I highly recommend Mr. Hobbs' book."
Embedded Software Development with C
by Li Cao Kai Qian David Den HaringEmbedded Software Development With C offers both an effectual reference for professionals and researchers, and a valuable learning tool for students by laying the groundwork for a solid foundation in the hardware and software aspects of embedded systems development. Key features include a resource for the fundamentals of embedded systems design and development with an emphasis on software, an exploration of the 8051 microcontroller as it pertains to embedded systems, comprehensive tutorial materials for instructors to provide students with labs of varying lengths and levels of difficulty, and supporting website including all sample codes, software tools and links to additional online references.
Embedded Software System Testing: Automatic Testing Solution Based on Formal Method
by Yongfeng Yin Bo JiangThis book introduces embedded software engineering and management methods, proposing the relevant testing theory and techniques that promise the final realization of automated testing of embedded systems.The quality and reliability of embedded systems have become a great concern, faced with the rising demands for the complexity and scale of system hardware and software. The authors propose and expound on the testing theory and techniques of embedded software systems and relevant environment construction technologies, providing effective solutions for the automated testing of embedded systems. Through analyzing typical testing examples of the complex embedded software systems, the authors verify the effectiveness of the theories, technologies and methods proposed in the book.In combining the fundamental theory and technology and practical solutions, this book will appeal to researchers and students studying computer science, software engineering, and embedded systems, as well as professionals and practitioners engaged in the development, verification, and maintenance of embedded systems in the military and civilian fields.
Embedded Software Timing: Methodik, Analyse und Praxistipps am Beispiel Automotive
by Peter GliwaDie Zahl der Embedded Systeme, die uns im Alltag begegnen, wächst stetig. Gleichzeitig nimmt die Komplexität der Software immer weiter zu. In vielen Bereichen erhält Multicore Einzug, was die Komplexität nochmals erhöht.Ohne korrektes zeitliches Verhalten („Timing“) gibt es keine sichere und zuverlässige Embedded Software. Dieses Buch hilft gleichermaßen das Timing schon früh im Entwicklungsprozess zu berücksichtigen und akute Timingprobleme zu lösen. Auch der Aspekt der Laufzeitabsicherung kommt nicht zu kurz.Auch wenn die meisten Praxisbeispiele aus dem Automobilbereich kommen, ist der allergrößte Teile des Buches unmittelbar übertragbar auf andere Bereiche.
Embedded Software Verification and Debugging
by Djones Lettnin Markus WinterholerThis book provides comprehensive coverage of verification and debugging techniques for embedded software, which is frequently used in safety critical applications (e. g. , automotive), where failures are unacceptable. Since the verification of complex systems needs to encompass the verification of both hardware and embedded software modules, this book focuses on verification and debugging approaches for embedded software with hardware dependencies. Coverage includes the entire flow of design, verification and debugging of embedded software and all key approaches to debugging, dynamic, static, and hybrid verification. This book discusses the current, industrial embedded software verification flow, as well as emerging trends with focus on formal and hybrid verification and debugging approaches.
Embedded System Design
by Peter MarwedelUntil the late eighties, information processing was associated with large mainframe computers and huge tape drives. During the nineties, this trend shifted towards information processing with personal computers, or PCs. The trend towards miniaturization continues. In the future, most of the information processing systems will be quite small and embedded into larger products such as transportation and fabrication equipment. Hence, these kinds of systems are called embedded systems. It is expected that the total market volume of embedded systems will be significantly larger than that of traditional information processing systems such as PCs and mainframes. Embedded systems share a number of common characteristics. For example, they must be dependable, efficient, meet real-time constraints and require customized user interfaces (instead of generic keyboard and mouse interfaces). Therefore, it makes sense to consider common principles of embedded system design. Embedded System Design starts with an introduction into the area and a survey of specification languages for embedded systems. A brief overview is provided of hardware devices used for embedded systems and also presents the essentials of software design for embedded systems. Real-time operating systems and real-time scheduling are covered briefly. Techniques for implementing embedded systems are also discussed, using hardware/software codesign. It closes with a survey on validation techniques. Embedded System Design can be used as a text book for courses on embedded systems and as a source which provides pointers to relevant material in the area for PhD students and teachers. The book assumes a basic knowledge of information processing hardware and software.
Embedded System Design: Embedded Systems Foundations of Cyber-Physical Systems, and the Internet of Things (Embedded Systems)
by Peter MarwedelA unique feature of this open access textbook is to provide a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental knowledge in embedded systems, with applications in cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things. It starts with an introduction to the field and a survey of specification models and languages for embedded and cyber-physical systems. It provides a brief overview of hardware devices used for such systems and presents the essentials of system software for embedded systems, including real-time operating systems. The author also discusses evaluation and validation techniques for embedded systems and provides an overview of techniques for mapping applications to execution platforms, including multi-core platforms. Embedded systems have to operate under tight constraints and, hence, the book also contains a selected set of optimization techniques, including software optimization techniques. The book closes with a brief survey on testing. This fourth edition has been updated and revised to reflect new trends and technologies, such as the importance of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the Internet of things (IoT), the evolution of single-core processors to multi-core processors, and the increased importance of energy efficiency and thermal issues.
Embedded System Design with ARM Cortex-M Microcontrollers: Applications with C, C++ and MicroPython
by Cem Ünsalan Hüseyin Deniz Gürhan Mehmet Erkin YücelThis textbook introduces basic and advanced embedded system topics through Arm Cortex M microcontrollers, covering programmable microcontroller usage starting from basic to advanced concepts using the STMicroelectronics Discovery development board. Designed for use in upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses on microcontrollers, microprocessor systems, and embedded systems, the book explores fundamental and advanced topics, real-time operating systems via FreeRTOS and Mbed OS, and then offers a solid grounding in digital signal processing, digital control, and digital image processing concepts — with emphasis placed on the usage of a microcontroller for these advanced topics. The book uses C language, “the” programming language for microcontrollers, C++ language, and MicroPython, which allows Python language usage on a microcontroller. Sample codes and course slides are available for readers and instructors, and a solutions manual is available to instructors. The book will also be an ideal reference for practicing engineers and electronics hobbyists who wish to become familiar with basic and advanced microcontroller concepts.
Embedded System Technology
by Xingmian Sha Zhonghai Wu Xing ZhangThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13thNational Conference on Embedded System Technology, ESTC 2015, held in Beijing,China, in October 2015. The 18 revised full papers presented werecarefully reviewed and selected from 63 papers. The topics cover a broad rangeof fields focusing on research about embedded system technologies, such assmart hardware, system and network, applications and algorithm.
Embedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool
by James K. PeckolEmbedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool, Second Edition Embedded systems are one of the foundational elements of today’s evolving and growing computer technology. From operating our cars, managing our smart phones, cleaning our homes, or cooking our meals, the special computers we call embedded systems are quietly and unobtrusively making our lives easier, safer, and more connected. While working in increasingly challenging environments, embedded systems give us the ability to put increasing amounts of capability into ever-smaller and more powerful devices. Embedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool, Second Edition introduces you to the theoretical hardware and software foundations of these systems and expands into the areas of signal integrity, system security, low power, and hardware-software co-design. The text builds upon earlier material to show you how to apply reliable, robust solutions to a wide range of applications operating in today’s often challenging environments. Taking the user’s problem and needs as your starting point, you will explore each of the key theoretical and practical issues to consider when designing an application in today’s world. Author James Peckol walks you through the formal hardware and software development process covering: Breaking the problem down into major functional blocks; Planning the digital and software architecture of the system; Utilizing the hardware and software co-design process; Designing the physical world interface to external analog and digital signals; Addressing security issues as an integral part of the design process; Managing signal integrity problems and reducing power demands in contemporary systems; Debugging and testing throughout the design and development cycle; Improving performance. Stressing the importance of security, safety, and reliability in the design and development of embedded systems and providing a balanced treatment of both the hardware and the software aspects, Embedded Systems: A Contemporary Design Tool, Second Edition gives you the tools for creating embedded designs that solve contemporary real-world challenges.
Embedded Systems – A Hardware-Software Co-Design Approach: Unleash the Power of Arduino!
by Bashir I MorshedThis textbook introduces the concept of embedded systems with exercises using Arduino Uno. It is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in computer science, computer engineering, and electrical engineering programs. It contains a balanced discussion on both hardware and software related to embedded systems, with a focus on co-design aspects. Embedded systems have applications in Internet-of-Things (IoT), wearables, self-driving cars, smart devices, cyberphysical systems, drones, and robotics. The hardware chapter discusses various microcontrollers (including popular microcontroller hardware examples), sensors, amplifiers, filters, actuators, wired and wireless communication topologies, schematic and PCB designs, and much more. The software chapter describes OS-less programming, bitmath, polling, interrupt, timer, sleep modes, direct memory access, shared memory, mutex, and smart algorithms, with lots of C-code examples for Arduino Uno. Other topics discussed are prototyping, testing, verification, reliability, optimization, and regulations. Appropriate for courses on embedded systems, microcontrollers, and instrumentation, this textbook teaches budding embedded system programmers practical skills with fun projects to prepare them for industry products.Introduces embedded systems for wearables, Internet-of-Things (IoT), robotics, and other smart devices;Offers a balanced focus on both hardware and software co-design of embedded systems;Includes exercises, tutorials, and assignments.
Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of ESAI 2019, Fez, Morocco (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1076)
by Suresh Chandra Satapathy Vikrant Bhateja Hassan SatoriThis book gathers selected research papers presented at the First International Conference on Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence (ESAI 2019), held at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco, on 2–3 May 2019. Highlighting the latest innovations in Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Information Technologies, and Embedded Systems, the respective papers will encourage and inspire researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers to put these methods into practice.