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Information in Contemporary Society: 14th International Conference, iConference 2019, Washington, DC, USA, March 31–April 3, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11420)
by Bonnie Nardi Natalie Greene Taylor Caitlin Christian-Lamb Michelle H. MartinThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information in Contemporary Society, iConference 2019, held in Washington, DC, USA, in March/April 2019. The 44 full papers and 33 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 133 submitted full papers and 88 submitted short papers. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Scientific work and data practices; methodological concerns in (big) data research; concerns about “smart” interactions and privacy; identity questions in online communities; measuring and tracking scientific literature; limits and affordances of automation; collecting data about vulnerable populations; supporting communities through public libraries and infrastructure; information behaviors in academic environments; data-driven storytelling and modeling; online activism; digital libraries, curation and preservation; social-media text mining and sentiment analysis; data and information in the public sphere; engaging with multi-media content; understanding online behaviors and experiences; algorithms at work; innovation and professionalization in technology communities; information behaviors on Twitter; data mining and NLP; informing technology design through offline experiences; digital tools for health management; environmental and visual literacy; and addressing social problems in iSchool research.
Information is Energy: Definition of a physically based concept of information
by Lienhard PagelAn objective, dynamic and physically justified concept of information is elaborated starting from Shannon's concept of entropy and applied to information technology, artificial intelligence (consciousness) and thermodynamics. The justification of an information conservation theorem acquires practical significance in information technology, especially as it moves into the quantum realm (photonics/quantum computing). The unconditional dynamics of information and its objectivity are critically examined and are the foundations of the considerations. We live in the information age, but the concept of information is still not defined objectively and physically. This book defines a dynamic concept of information that results in a conservation of information principle. Just as the principle of conservation of energy is essential to understanding energy, the principle of conservation of information leads to a deeper understanding of information. Information is strongly related to entropy, always in motion, cannot disappear, and is independent of subjects.
Information ist Energie: Definition und Anwendung eines physikalisch begründeten Informationsbegriffs
by Lienhard PagelEin objektiver, dynamischer und physikalisch begründeter Informationsbegriff wird ausgehend vom Shannonschen Entropiebegriff erarbeitet und auf die Informationstechnik, die künstliche Intelligenz (Bewusstsein) und die Thermodynamik angewandt. Die Begründung eines Informationserhaltungssatzes erhält praktische Bedeutung in der Informationstechnik, insbesondere wenn sie in den Bereich der Quanten (Photonik/Quantencomputing) vordringt. Die unbedingte Dynamik von Information und deren Objektivität werden kritisch untersucht und sind die Grundlagen der Betrachtungen.
Information, Communication and Computing Technology: 4th International Conference, ICICCT 2019, New Delhi, India, May 11, 2019, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1025)
by Latika Kharb Deepak Chahal Abdullah Bin Gani Pradip Kumar DasThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information, Communication and Computing Technology, ICICCT 2019, held in New Delhi, India, in May 2019.The 23 full papers and one short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 120 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on communication and network systems; and emerging computing technologies.
Information, Communication and Computing Technology: 5th International Conference, ICICCT 2020, New Delhi, India, May 9, 2020, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1170)
by Costin Badica Latika Kharb Deepak Chahal Panos LiatsisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information, Communication and Computing Technology, ICICCT 2020, held in New Delhi, India*, in May 2020.The 24 full papers and one short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 220 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on data communication & networking; advanced computing using machine learning.*The conference was held virutally due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Information, Communication and Computing Technology: 6th International Conference, ICICCT 2021, New Delhi, India, May 8, 2021, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1417)
by Latika Kharb Deepak Chahal Mahua BhattacharyaThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information, Communication and Computing Technology, ICICCT 2021, held in New Delhi, India, in May 2021.The 16 full papers and 4 short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 83 qualified submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on communication and network systems; computational intelligence techniques.
Information, Communication and Computing Technology: 7th International Conference, ICICCT 2022, New Delhi, India, July 16, 2022, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1670)
by Costin Badica Latika Kharb Deepak Chahal Marcin PaprzyckiThis book constitutes proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information, Communication and Computing Technology, ICICCT 2022, held in New Delhi, India, in July 2022.The 11 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 65 submissions. The papers cover a great variety of topics, such as wireless networks, deep learning, machine learning, neural networks, natural language processing, sentiment analysis, network security, image processing, image augmentation and others. The contributions are divided into the following thematic blocks: Networking and Communication; Evolutionary Computing through Machine Learning.
Information, Communication and Computing Technology: 8th International Conference, ICICCT 2023, New Delhi, India, May 27, 2023, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1841)
by João Manuel R.S. Tavares Latika Kharb Deepak Chahal Jemal Abawajy Ali Bou NassifThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Information, Communication and Computing Technology, ICICCT 2023, held in New Delhi, India, during May 27, 2023.The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 60 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: global platform for researchers, scientists and practitioners from both academia and industry to present their research and development activities in all the aspects of Pattern Recognition and computational Intelligence techniques.
Information, Communication and Computing Technology: 9th International Conference, ICICCT 2024, New Delhi, India, May 11, 2024, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #2131)
by Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber Michael Sheng Latika Kharb Deepak Chahal Jose Francisco Martinez Trinidad Raghavendra RamachandThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Information, Communication and Computing Technology, ICICCT 2024, held in New Delhi, India, on May 11, 2024. The 13 full papers presented here were carefully reviewed and selected from 176 submissions. These papers have been categorized into the following topical sections: Intelligent systems and Pattern recognition.
Information, Communication and Computing Technology: Third International Conference, ICICCT 2018, New Delhi, India, May 12, 2018, Revised Selected Papers (Communications in Computer and Information Science #835)
by Latika Kharb Sonajharia Minz Sushanta KarmakarThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information, Communication and Computing Technology, ICICCT 2018, held in New Delhi, India, in May 2018. The 18 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 295 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on communication and network systems and emerging computing technologies.
Information, Computer and Application Engineering: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering (ITCAE 2014), Hong Kong, China, 10-11 December 2014 (Routledge Revivals)
by Wen-Pei Sung Hsiang-Chuan Liu Wenli YaoThis proceedings volume brings together peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering, held 10-11 December 2014, in Hong Kong, China. Specific topics under consideration include Computational Intelligence, Computer Science and its Applications, Intelligent Information Processing and Knowledge Engineering, Intelligent Networks and Instruments, Multimedia Signal Processing and Analysis, Intelligent Computer-Aided Design Systems and other related topics. This book provides readers a state-of-the-art survey of recent innovations and research worldwide in Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering, in so-doing furthering the development and growth of these research fields, strengthening international academic cooperation and communication, and promoting the fruitful exchange of research ideas. This volume will be of interest to professionals and academics alike, serving as a broad overview of the latest advances in the dynamic field of Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering.
Information, Freedom and Property: The Philosophy of Law Meets the Philosophy of Technology
by Mireille Hildebrandt Bibi van den BergThis book addresses issues on the nexus of freedom of and property in information, while acknowledging that both hiding and exposing information may affect our privacy. It inquires into the physics, the technologies, the business models, the governmental strategies and last but not least the legal frameworks concerning access, organisation and control of information. It debates whether it is in the very nature of information to be either free or monopolized, or both. Analysing upcoming power structures, new types of colonization and attempts to replace legal norms with techno-nudging, this book also presents the idea of an infra-ethics capable of pre-empting our pre-emption. It discusses the interrelations between open access, the hacker ethos, the personal data economy, and freedom of information, highlighting the ephemeral but pivotal role played by information in a data-driven society. This book is a must-read for those working on the contemporary dimensions of freedom of information, data protection, and intellectual property rights.
Information, Knowledge, and Technology for Teaching and Research in Africa: Data and Knowledge Management (Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services)
by Dennis Ocholla Omwoyo Bosire Onyancha Aderonke Olaitan AdesinaThis book focuses on data and knowledge management for teaching and research in Africa. The importance of the information and knowledge society in current times is recognized and adopts a meta-analysis to demonstrate that modernization theory could be applied to economic development and rapid transformation of ISWEs in South Africa. The book argues that modernity and the information and knowledge society present the shift and transition from the traditional way of doing things through information and communication technologies (ICTs), which could bring about developing, progressing, and advancing developing communities, particularly Informal Sector Women Entrepreneurs (ISWEs). The book also has further shows how the modernization theory could be applied to the plight of ISWEs to assist them in leapfrogging from their situation and enjoying global business platforms. Various techniques and strategies for collaborative engagements among academics towards strengthening scholarly ties within institutions, and across borders, especially in Africa, are presented. This is a valuable source for understanding the contemporary issues in information and knowledge management/sharing and collaboration among university academics for undergraduates and postgraduate students in the library and information science profession. Tacit knowledge is also presented as an asset that boosts innovation and generates competitive advantage for organizations in all walks of life. Global research data management (RDM) literature is emphasized in higher education institutions (HIEs) and their libraries. The status of RDM services, as well as the competency requirements of employees responsible for providing RDM services and researchers, are addressed in the examined literature.
Information, Knowledge, and Technology for Teaching and Research in Africa: Human Machine Interaction and User Interfaces (Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services)
by Dennis Ocholla Omwoyo Bosire Onyancha Aderonke Olaitan AdesinaThis book focuses on human machine interaction and user interfaces for teaching and research in Africa. The importance of digital humanities (DH) is recognized by focusing on the theoretical and historical development of DH in the context of LIS education and how infrastructure influences DH programs/initiatives in respective LIS schools. These findings and recommendations provide valuable knowledge for developing the domain and establishing potential areas of collaboration in DH research and curriculum. The book explores and explicates what the Diffusion of Innovations theory is about as well as the characteristics of innovators. The Diffusion of Innovations theory is relevant to the LIS field, which has widely adopted numerous innovations to automate a wide range of administrative and technical processes, build databases and networks, and provide better services to library users. The diffusion and adoption of technology have become imperative for the efficient management ofmodern libraries and LIS as a field in general. Existing literature that is related to the adoption, use, and challenges facing the development of clinical informatics in teaching hospitals in developing countries is reviewed. It is also revealed that hospitals in developing countries should embrace the use of tools for effective healthcare delivery and that nursing informatics is very significant in nursing practice. In addition, the role of academic institutions and the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) by librarians for information and knowledge (IKM) in such institutions in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is addressed. The book acknowledges the marginalization of indigenous knowledge and that there is a need for Africa to develop and accelerate strategies for enhancing indigenous knowledge for future generation and ICT is poised to play a crucial role.
Information, Knowledge, and Technology for Teaching and Research in Africa: Information Behavior in Knowledge and Economy (Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services)
by Dennis Ocholla Omwoyo Bosire Onyancha Aderonke Olaitan AdesinaThis book focuses on information seeking and the knowledge economy for teaching and research in Africa. The book first explores the evolution and current state of information-seeking behavior research, demonstrating its importance in informing practice, policy, and design of information systems. Despite the informal sector’s substantial contributions to the national economy in Uganda, there is a lack of studies delving into its information needs, as well as an information gap in government, NGOs, and other stakeholders. The book proposes that an appropriate information behavior model for information-poor communities such as informal entrepreneurs must be grounded on oral traditions and indigenous knowledge and should be sensitive to poverty, infrastructure, and illiteracy. The negative impact of the lack of financial literacy skills for women entrepreneurs is investigated and solutions for this problem are suggested, including regular assessments of women entrepreneurs’ financial literacy skills and the introduction of training courses. The role of academic libraries in universities, library services for students with disabilities, and accessibility of library services to students with disabilities is discussed, and theoretical models for enhancing service in academic libraries are presented. The book highlights the specific challenges and opportunities related to information literacy for secondary schools and concludes by examining the rapid changes in library and information science research in South Africa.
Information, Photonics and Communication: Proceedings of Second National Conference, IPC 2019 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems #79)
by Jyotsna Kumar Mandal Kallol Bhattacharya Ivy Majumdar Surajit MandalThe book includes high-quality papers presented at the Second National Conference of Information, Photonics and Communication (2019), organized by the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, B.P. Poddar Institute of Management & Technology from 01 to 03 February 2019. Covering multiple domains in four broad categories—photonics; devices and VLSI; communication systems and networks; signal processing and intelligent systems, it includes topics such as RF and microwave communications, wireless and mobile communication, satellite communications, signal, image and video processing, deep learning and optical networks.
Information, The Hidden Side of Life
by Cédric Gaucherel Pierre-Henri Gouyon Jean-Louis DessallesThis book explores the unity of life. It proposes that the concept of information is the inner essence of what we today call life. The importance of information for our species is obvious. Human beings are highly dependent on information, constantly exchanging with conspecifics. In a less apparent way, we are the product of genetic and epigenetic information which determines our development in a given environment from a fertilized egg to the adult stage. Even less apparent is that information plays a determining role in ecosystems. This observation may include the prebiotic systems in which life emerged. Our claim is that Nature processes information continuously. This means that even beyond living entities, we can see messages and decoding procedures. Nature can be said to send messages to its own future and then to decode them. Nature “talks” to itself! The systematic organization of messages suggests that, in some respects, we should even speak of the “languages” of Nature.
Information-Centric Networks: A New Paradigm for the Internet
by Igor M. Moraes Pedro B. Velloso Gabriel M. de BritoSince its inception, the Internet has evolved from a textual information system towards a multimedia information system, in which data, services and applications are consumed as content. Today, however, the main problem faced is that applications are now content-oriented but the protocol stack remains the same, based on the content location. Thus, it is clear that the Internet’s current architecture must change. This new architecture should take into account aspects to improve content location and delivery efficiency and also content availability. Fulfilling these requirements is the main goal of information-centric networks (ICNs). ICN is a new communication paradigm to increase the efficiency of content delivery and also content availability. In this new concept, the network infrastructure actively contributes to content caching and distribution. This book presents the basic concepts of ICNs, describes the main architecture proposals for these networks, and discusses the main challenges to their development. Information Centric-Networks looks at the current challenges for this concept, including: naming, routing and caching on the network-core elements, several aspects of content security, user privacy, and practical issues in implementing ICNs. Contents 1. Content Distribution on the Internet. 2. Information-Centric Networks. 3. Main ICN Architectures. 4. Challenges. 5. Practical Issues. About the Authors Gabriel M. Brito is an Engineer at Petrobras in Brazil and studying for a Master’s degree at the Universidade Federal Fluminense in Brazil. Pedro Braconnot Velloso is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Brazil. He worked for Bell Labs France as a research engineer from 2009 to 2011. Igor M. Moraes is an Associate Professor at the Universidade Federal Fluminense in Brazil.
Information-Driven Machine Learning: Data Science as an Engineering Discipline
by Gerald FriedlandThis groundbreaking book transcends traditional machine learning approaches by introducing information measurement methodologies that revolutionize the field. Stemming from a UC Berkeley seminar on experimental design for machine learning tasks, these techniques aim to overcome the 'black box' approach of machine learning by reducing conjectures such as magic numbers (hyper-parameters) or model-type bias. Information-based machine learning enables data quality measurements, a priori task complexity estimations, and reproducible design of data science experiments. The benefits include significant size reduction, increased explainability, and enhanced resilience of models, all contributing to advancing the discipline's robustness and credibility. While bridging the gap between machine learning and disciplines such as physics, information theory, and computer engineering, this textbook maintains an accessible and comprehensive style, making complex topics digestible for a broad readership. Information-Driven Machine Learning explores the synergistic harmony among these disciplines to enhance our understanding of data science modeling. Instead of solely focusing on the "how," this text provides answers to the "why" questions that permeate the field, shedding light on the underlying principles of machine learning processes and their practical implications. By advocating for systematic methodologies grounded in fundamental principles, this book challenges industry practices that have often evolved from ideologic or profit-driven motivations. It addresses a range of topics, including deep learning, data drift, and MLOps, using fundamental principles such as entropy, capacity, and high dimensionality. Ideal for both academia and industry professionals, this textbook serves as a valuable tool for those seeking to deepen their understanding of data science as an engineering discipline. Its thought-provoking content stimulates intellectual curiosity and caters to readers who desire more than just code or ready-made formulas. The text invites readers to explore beyond conventional viewpoints, offering an alternative perspective that promotes a big-picture view for integrating theory with practice. Suitable for upper undergraduate or graduate-level courses, this book can also benefit practicing engineers and scientists in various disciplines by enhancing their understanding of modeling and improving data measurement effectively.
Information-Driven Planning and Control (Cyber Physical Systems Series)
by Silvia Ferrari Thomas A. WettergrenA unified framework for developing planning and control algorithms for active sensing, with examples of applications for specific sensor technologies.Active sensor systems, increasingly deployed in such applications as unmanned vehicles, mobile robots, and environmental monitoring, are characterized by a high degree of autonomy, reconfigurability, and redundancy. This book is the first to offer a unified framework for the development of planning and control algorithms for active sensing, with examples of applications for a range of specific sensor technologies. The methods presented can be characterized as information-driven because their goal is to optimize the value of information, rather than to optimize traditional guidance and navigation objectives.
Information-Measuring Systems: Theory and Application (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #592)
by Artur Zaporozhets Volodymyr Eremenko Vitalii Babak Yurii Kuts Serhii BabakThis book concentrates on virtual IMS with the use of modern information and measurement modeling technologies. Modern IMS can be implemented as: real hardware and software measuring tools; virtual IMS with the use of modern information and measurement modeling technologies, including simulation, mathematical, physical, with extensive use of computer equipment for conducting a simulation measurement experiment. Compared to real ones, virtual IMS has a number of advantages, and their implementation requires less time, production, and financial costs. However, in a number of cases, due to the information uncertainty of the object of measurement, such IMS cannot provide objective and reliable results, and therefore, it is necessary to conduct a full-scale measurement experiment using real systems. The potential capabilities of modern systems at the stage of information development of society have increased significantly, which contributes both to the expansion of the subject areas of their application and their use to increase the efficiency of known and solve new scientific and applied measurement tasks. The authors are in solidarity with other colleagues—specialists in measurements—in the forecasts of the development of IMS. No improvements in measurement information technologies, including computer and intellectual ones, have not led, are not leading, and obviously cannot lead in future to the expansion of the nomenclature of measurements of quantities while there are no corresponding sensors that form primary information during their direct interaction with the research object. Further development of IMS and their use in various fields of science and technology, including quantum metrology and nanotechnology, will largely be determined by the development of new principles of operation and the creation of new types of sensors based on them.
Information-Powered Engines (Springer Theses)
by Tushar Kanti SahaThis book presents the experimental development of an information-powered engine inspired by the famous thought experiment, Maxwell’s demon, to understand its potential to produce energy for practical purposes. The development of an engine based on Maxwell’s demon was for a long time inconceivable, but technological advances have led to novel investigations into theoretical and practical applications. The built information engine consists of a micron-sized glass bead trapped in a tightly focused laser beam. It rectifies the bead's Brownian motion by controlling the laser's position and generates a unidirectional motion against gravity without doing any work, thus converting thermal heat into stored gravitational potential energy. A theoretical model based on a spring-mass system describes the engine's dynamics and was then used to find optimum parameters to improve the engine's performance. Experimentally implementing these optimization strategies led to engine output powers comparable to those measured in biological motors. This book also highlights performance improvements made in the presence of measurement noise and presents important guiding principles to design information engines to operate in non-equilibrium environments. By focusing on practical applications, the book overall aims to broaden the scope of information-engine investigations.
Information-Theoretic Aspects of Neural Networks
by P. S. NeelakantaInformation theoretics vis-a-vis neural networks generally embodies parametric entities and conceptual bases pertinent to memory considerations and information storage, information-theoretic based cost-functions, and neurocybernetics and self-organization. Existing studies only sparsely cover the entropy and/or cybernetic aspects of neural information.Information-Theoretic Aspects of Neural Networks cohesively explores this burgeoning discipline, covering topics such as:Shannon information and information dynamicsneural complexity as an information processing systemmemory and information storage in the interconnected neural webextremum (maximum and minimum) information entropyneural network trainingnon-conventional, statistical distance-measures for neural network optimizationssymmetric and asymmetric characteristics of information-theoretic error-metricsalgorithmic complexity based representation of neural information-theoretic parametersgenetic algorithms versus neural informationdynamics of neurocybernetics viewed in the information-theoretic planenonlinear, information-theoretic transfer function of the neural cellular unitsstatistical mechanics, neural networks, and information theorysemiotic framework of neural information processing and neural information flowfuzzy information and neural networksneural dynamics conceived through fuzzy information parametersneural information flow dynamicsinformatics of neural stochastic resonanceInformation-Theoretic Aspects of Neural Networks acts as an exceptional resource for engineers, scientists, and computer scientists working in the field of artificial neural networks as well as biologists applying the concepts of communication theory and protocols to the functioning of the brain. The information in this book explores new avenues in the field and creates a common platform for analyzing the neural complex as well as artificial neural networks.
Information-Theoretic Evaluation for Computational Biomedical Ontologies
by Wyatt Travis ClarkThe development of effective methods for the prediction of ontological annotations is an important goal in computational biology, yet evaluating their performance is difficult due to problems caused by the structure of biomedical ontologies and incomplete annotations of genes. This work proposes an information-theoretic framework to evaluate the performance of computational protein function prediction. A Bayesian network is used, structured according to the underlying ontology, to model the prior probability of a protein's function. The concepts of misinformation and remaining uncertainty are then defined, that can be seen as analogs of precision and recall. Finally, semantic distance is proposed as a single statistic for ranking classification models. The approach is evaluated by analyzing three protein function predictors of gene ontology terms. The work addresses several weaknesses of current metrics, and provides valuable insights into the performance of protein function prediction tools.
Informational Privacy for Service Design: An Ethical Framework for Designing Privacy-Oriented Services (Springer Series in Design and Innovation #52)
by Davide M. ParrilliThis open access book equips designers with a deeper understanding of informational privacy, emphasizing why and how designers should design services that respect and enhance people’s privacy. The solution to these issues is more important and challenging in our globalized service and design landscape. In their quest to understand the rationale for privacy in service design, authors embarked on an extensive journey through various disciplines and practices. Ultimately, author grounded their findings in ethics and philosophy from a designerly (thus pragmatic) and multicultural perspective. The next challenge has been to translate these ethical and philosophical principles into practical guidelines for designers: an easy to implement and global privacy ethical framework for service designers.