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Police Corruption and Police Reforms in Developing Societies
by Kempe Ronald Hope Sr.Much of the literature on police corruption and police reforms is dominated by case studies of societies classified as developed. However, under the influence of globalization, developing societies have become a focal point of scholarly interest and examination. Police Corruption and Police Reforms in Developing Societies provides critical analyses
Police Corruption in the NYPD: From Knapp to Mollen
by Steven V. Gilbert Barbara A. GilbertPolice Corruption in the NYPD: From Knapp to Mollen explores how the New York Police Department experienced two major investigations within a quarter of a century. It compares the states of corruption within the NYPD during the Knapp and Mollen commissions, examining why corruption continued and why the revealed ethical breaches became more serious
Police Investigative Interviews and Interpreting: Context, Challenges, and Strategies (Advances in Police Theory and Practice)
by Sedat Mulayim Miranda Lai Caroline NormaPolice interviews with suspects and witnesses provide some of the most significant evidence in criminal investigations. Frequently challenging, they require special training and skills. This interaction process is further complicated when the suspect or witness does not speak the same language as the interviewer. A professional reference that can b
Police Misconduct: A Global Perspective
by Cliff RobersonThis book explores the different types of police misconduct including the use of excessive force. It also explores what types of officers become involved in illegal misconduct, steps jurisdictions may take to prevent such problems, and discusses who should police the police. Also included is a historical analysis of police misconduct, discussions on the legal restrictions designed to prevent police misconduct, and steps that the jurisdiction may take to limit their liability. Ancillary material is available with course adoption.
Police Reform in China (Advances in Police Theory and Practice)
by Kam C. WongSweeping changes have altered the cultural landscape of China. This volume provides an insightful glimpse of policing in the midst of such change. Beginning with a historical account of police reform in the region since 2000, it discusses the difficulties encountered in trying to understand Chinese policing. Demonstrating how old ideologies are increasingly in conflict with the values and lifestyles of a new mentality, the book discusses steps that can be taken to improve professionalism. The final chapters highlight the importance of understanding the Chinese people, culture, values, and interests in order to truly effectuate successful police reform.
Police Reserves and Volunteers: Enhancing Organizational Effectiveness and Public Trust
by James F. AlbrechtReductions in police department funding have raised the importance of volunteers in enhancing organizational performance, improving community trust and confidence, and at times accomplishing basic tasks to maintain public safety and security. During a period when police administrators are asked to do more with less, and to engage in smarter, community-oriented policing, citizen volunteers are an invaluable resource. Police Reserves and Volunteers is an invaluable primer for those looking to understand the benefits and challenges involved in the use of the volunteers within global law enforcement agencies. Using cases from a range of specialists and precincts, this edited volume provides a rare window into police administration from the state legislation that regulates police reserves in California to the local models observed in many counties and cities across the United States. Police Reserves and Volunteers offers volunteers, local elected officials, and law enforcement straightforward guidelines to enhance police goals and build public trust in local communities.
Police Suicide: Is Police Culture Killing Our Officers?
by Ronald A. RufoThere is no question that more police officers die from suicide than those killed in the line of duty. The suicide and attempted suicide of police officers is a mental health concern that has been neglected for far too long.Police Suicide: Is Police Culture Killing Our Officers? provides realistic insight into the life of a police officer through a
Police Use of Force: Important Issues Facing the Police and the Communities They Serve
by Michael J. PalmiottoStarting with a historical introduction, Police Use of Force presents readers with critical and timely issues facing police and the communities they serve when police encounters turn violent. Dr. Palmiotto offers in-depth coverage of the use of force, deadly force, non-lethal weapons, militarization of policing, racism and profiling, legal cases, psychology, perception and training, and violence prevention. Police Use of Force also investigates many case studies, both famous (Rodney King) and contemporary (Ferguson, MO). Essential reading for both criminal justice professionals and academics, this text places police conflict within a complex, modern context, inviting cogent conversation in the classroom and the precinct.
@policía: las historias de un éxito
by Carlos Fernández GuerraDescubre el perfil de la Policía Nacional en Twitter, la cuenta oficial de seguridad más seguida del mundo. Gracias a su originalidad y sentido del humor, el Twitter de la Policía española ya cuenta con más de 1.000.000 de seguidores. Un millón de historias en una sola, una demostración del nuevo papel que tienen las instituciones y los ciudadanos en el siglo XXI. Con @policia, descubre una Policía comunicadora, revolucionaria y muy eficaz que busca que el ciudadano la conozca y participe de sus éxitos. Entérate de los retos, las campañas, las mejores anécdotas y los logros que se han llevado a cabo gracias a la ciudadanía usando la cuenta de @policia. Conoce a los héroes y villanos de Internet y las conmovedoras historias de cómo la sociedad actúa en situaciones límite ante la llamada de auxilio de @policia. Mira qué hay tras las bambalinas: un equipo de personas con sus fakes, sus historias, sus aspiraciones y muchas ganas de tuitear.Por su lenguaje cercano, orientado a impactar y simpatizar con el ciudadano, así como su visión crítica y humorística de la actualidad, es ya el modelo a seguir para otras muchas instituciones y entidades privadas de todos los ámbitos, que han optado también por este tono informal de comunicación en las redes. Se partícipe de los grandes aciertos y también de los polémicos errores o fakes de esta cuenta. Desde la exitosa petición de donantes de sangre para el accidente de tren de Santiago de 2013 hasta la puesta en marcha de nuevas formas de colaboración ciudadana como la #Tweetredada, con la que se ha conseguido atrapar a cientos de traficantes de droga en nuestro país. Todo esto aderezado con las pequeñas «cagadas», los momentos de tensión y los tuits más torpes de @policia. En este libro no solo encontrarás el relato del éxito de @policia, sino todas las historias humanas que lo han hecho posible. Un millón de historias en una sola, una demostración del nuevo papel que tienen las instituciones y los ciudadanos en el siglo XXI.
Policies and Challenges of the Broadband Ecosystem in Japan (Advances in Information and Communication Research #4)
by Hitoshi Mitomo Toshiya JitsuzumiThis book shows how telecom, broadcast, and Internet researchers as well as experts from Japan's leading mobile operators interpret, analyze, and evaluate the emerging phenomenon of the Japanese broadband ecosystem. The broadband ecosystem, as it rapidly changes against the backdrop of swift technological progress, is forcing major changes in the existing socioeconomic framework and generating many policy issues that require discussion.The book aims to provide a theoretical and practical framework for policymakers to address these issues from a broader perspective than has been available in the past. The topics addressed in this book cover sharing of 5G infrastructure, online platform regulation, diffusion of autonomous driving, content industry, trends and use cases of 5G, capacity development for AI, ride-hailing service, smartphone games, the right to be forgotten, and the economic value of personal information.Although this book cannot provide definitive answers to all these recently emerging and rapidly changing issues, it does provide important guidance for evidence-based discussion involving policymakers and researchers working on these issues. It is also recommended for graduate students who want to enter this challenging field of policy discussion.
Policing America's Educational Systems
by John Harrison WattsPolicing America’s Educational Systems, edited by John Harrison Watts, describes methods of policing modern educational settings, covering both K-12 public school and public or private colleges and universities. Using topical examples, subject-matter experts introduce the history of policing in elementary and high schools, the legal context governing educational institutions, and ways to assess risk and prevent or respond to crime, including active-shooter incidents. The opening section covers primary and secondary education, while the second focuses on postsecondary educational settings. A final section offers a theoretical approach to understanding campus crime and discusses the role of counseling and mental health in keeping students safe. A concluding chapter looks at the future of policing in education. Contributors bring both academic and practitioner experience to each topic covered, and useful features include learning objectives, chapter summaries, key terms, and discussion questions that further explore the issues and controversies covered in that section. This textbook is designed for courses in school or campus policing within criminal justice, social work, and sociology programs, and is also appropriate for in-service training for professionals involved in school or campus policing and safety.
Policing Cyber Hate, Cyber Threats and Cyber Terrorism
by Brian BlakemoreWhat are cyber threats? This book brings together a diverse range of multidisciplinary ideas to explore the extent of cyber threats, cyber hate and cyber terrorism. This ground-breaking text provides a comprehensive understanding of the range of activities that can be defined as cyber threats. It also shows how this activity forms in our communities and what can be done to try to prevent individuals from becoming cyber terrorists. This text will be of interest to academics, professionals and practitioners involved in building social capital; engaging with hard to reach individuals and communities; the police and criminal justice sector as well as IT professionals.
Policing Digital Crime
by Sarah Bryant Robin BryantBy its very nature digital crime may present a number of specific detection and investigative challenges. The use of steganography to hide child abuse images for example, can pose the kind of technical and legislative problems inconceivable just two decades ago. The volatile nature of much digital evidence can also pose problems, particularly in terms of the actions of the 'first officer on the scene'. There are also concerns over the depth of understanding that 'generic' police investigators may have concerning the possible value (or even existence) of digitally based evidence. Furthermore, although it is perhaps a cliché to claim that digital crime (and cybercrime in particular) respects no national boundaries, it is certainly the case that a significant proportion of investigations are likely to involve multinational cooperation, with all the complexities that follow from this. This groundbreaking volume offers a theoretical perspective on the policing of digital crime in the western world. Using numerous case-study examples to illustrate the theoretical material introduced this volume examine the organisational context for policing digital crime as well as crime prevention and detection. This work is a must-read for all academics, police practitioners and investigators working in the field of digital crime.
Policing in the Era of AI and Smart Societies (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
by Babak Akhgar Hamid Jahankhani Mohammad Dastbaz Peter CochraneThis book presents a compilation of collaborations between researchers and practitioners in the fields of policing and cyber criminology, IT law and security, providing a comprehensive overview of current and emerging challenges in law enforcement, AI and Digital Society. The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), together with the spread of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, is creating smart societies that are increasingly interconnected. The scope of connectivity, massive rise in the volume of smart devices and growing interfaces between humans and technology, together with the expansion of Big Data and volumetric metadata generated and collated, are driving the cultural change toward Industry 4.0. Therefore, in light of do-it-yourself biohackers trying to become cyborgs, Augmented Humanity (fusion between humans and technology), governments’ utilization of the various technologies (example eHealth), holographic communications, smart cities / smart societies, cryptocurrencies etc., in the era of Industry 4.0 with AI at its core, enhancing their policing models has become a priority for governments. As the patterns of crime, policy and technology are changing in line with smart societies, law enforcement agencies around the world are called upon to formulate future-ready legislative frameworks, rethink crime prevention, investigatory decision making and predictive policing, prevent or mitigate potentially devastating cyber-attacks, and ensure the security of operational capabilities, namely: Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I).
Policing the Internet (Point Counterpoint)
by Alan MarzilliExamines government efforts to police the Internet and the ongoing debate between supporters of free speech and those who think that free speech on the Internet has gone too far.
Policy-Based Autonomic Data Governance (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11550)
by Seraphin Calo Elisa Bertino Dinesh VermaAdvances in artificial intelligence, sensor computing, robotics, and mobile systems are making autonomous systems a reality. At the same time, the influence of edge computing is leading to more distributed architectures incorporating more autonomous elements. The flow of information is critical in such environments, but the real time, distributed nature of the system components complicates the data protection mechanisms. Policy-based management has proven useful in simplifying the complexity of management in domains like networking, security, and storage; it is expected that many of those benefits would carry over to the task of managing big data and autonomous systems. This book aims at providing an overview of recent work and identifying challenges related to the design of policy-based approaches for managing big data and autonomous systems. An important new direction explored in the book is to make the major elements of the system self-describing and self-managing. This would lead to architectures where policy mechanisms are tightly coupled with the system elements. In such integrated architectures, we need new models for information assurance, traceability of information, and better provenance on information flows. In addition when dealing with devices with actuation capabilities and, thus, being able to make changes to physical spaces, safety is critical. With an emphasis on policy-based mechanisms for governance of data security and privacy, and for safety assurance, the papers in this volume follow three broad themes: foundational principles and use-cases for the autonomous generation of policies; safe autonomy; policies and autonomy in federated environments.
Policy Decision Modeling with Fuzzy Logic: Theoretical and Computational Aspects (Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing #405)
by Ali GuidaraThis book introduces the concept of policy decision emergence and its dynamics at the sub systemic level of the decision process. This level constitutes the breeding ground of the emergence of policy decisions but remains unexplored due to the absence of adequate tools. It is a nonlinear complex system made of several entities that interact dynamically. The behavior of such a system cannot be understood with linear and deterministic methods.The book presents an innovative multidisciplinary approach that results in the development of a Policy Decision Emergence Simulation Model (PODESIM). This computational model is a multi-level fuzzy inference system that allows the identification of the decision emergence levers.This development represents a major advancement in the field of public policy decision studies. It paves the way for decision emergence modeling and simulation by bridging complex systems theory, multiple streams theory, and fuzzy logic theory.
Policy Design in the Age of Digital Adoption: Explore how PolicyOps can drive Policy as Code adoption in an organization's digital transformation
by Ricardo FerreiraA proven methodology to build a PolicyOps function and public policy design frameworks for digital adoption, supporting your organization's journey into new paradigms and service models such as Cloud, SaaS, CaaS, FaaS, and DevOpsKey FeaturesUnderstand and define policies that can be consumed across the businessLeverage a framework to embed Policy as Code into the organizationLearn how to use Open Policy Agent and its powerful policy language, RegoBook DescriptionPolicy as Code (PaC) is a powerful paradigm that enables organizations to implement, validate, and measure policies at scale. Policy Design in the Age of Digital Adoption is a comprehensive guide to understanding policies, their design, and implementation for cloud environments using a DevOps-based framework. You'll discover how to create the necessary automation, its integration, and which stakeholders to involve.Complete with essential concepts, practical examples, and self-assessment questions, this book will help you understand policies and how new technologies such as cloud, microservices, and serverless leverage Policy as Code. You'll work with a custom framework to implement PaC in the organization, and advance to integrating policies, guidelines, and regulations into code to enhance the security and resilience posture of the organization. You'll also examine existing tools, evaluate them, and learn a framework to implement PaC so that technical and business teams can collaborate more effectively.By the end of this book, you'll have gained the confidence to design digital policies across your organizational environment.What you will learnUnderstand policies, guidelines, regulations and how they fit together in an organizationDiscover policy-related current challenges brought by digital transformation regarding policiesFind out about Open Policy Engine (OPA) and other policy engines for different environmentsGet to grips with the latest developments in PaC through a review of the literature, toolset, and usageExplore the PaC framework to develop trust at scale, leveraging patterns and best practicesBecome familiar with tool evaluation and selection using real-world examplesWho this book is forFrom decision-makers, such as chief information officers (CIOs) and chief information security officers (CISOs) responsible for affecting change horizontally in an organization, to cloud and DevOps architects and engineers, this book will help professionals involved in designing, implementing, and measuring policies in their organizations. A basic understanding of concepts such as cloud-native technologies, Infrastructure as Code, DevOps, and automation is necessary to get started with this book.
Policy for Open and Distance Learning: World review of distance education and open learning Volume 4
by Hilary Perraton Helen LentellPolicy for Open and Distance Learning considers the questions that planners and policy makers in open and distance learning need to address at any level of education.Starting by analysing the range of purposes for which open and distance learning is used, the book places the issues in context and examines experience in both the public and private sector. As well as discussing in detail new agenda set by new information and communication technologies, the book covers:* Inputs * Processes * Outcomes.The editors, Hilary Perraton and Helen Lentell, have drawn together an international team of contributors who have examined the varied roles of the new technologies as well as low-technology approaches to open and distance learning throughout the world.This book will be invaluable to policy makers in education and those planning or managing open and distance learning programmes. It will also be of interest to students and teachers of education and anyone concerned with comparative education.
Policy-Oriented Technology Assessment Across Europe: Expanding Capacities
by Lars Klüver Rasmus Øjvind Nielsen Marie Louise JørgensenThis book is open access under a CC-BY license. Policy-making to address grand challenges faces greater complexity than any previous project of modernization. Future scenarios are haunted by uncertainty and there is real ambivalence as to the values that policy should strive for. In this situation decision-makers look to research and innovation to provide answers and solutions. But neither can the great transitions ahead be planned by science, nor will conventional methods of innovation bring such transitions about. A turn to interactive governance is therefore underway with policy-makers and citizens becoming increasingly involved in processes of deliberating futures. Technology Assessment (TA) is the art of structuring such processes. TA goes beyond traditional expert policy analysis by systematically combining a multi-disciplinary evidence base with participatory approaches to policy deliberation. TA thus seeks to act as a hub for serious and transparent dialogue between policy, industry, science, and society about the challenges ahead and the available options for overcoming them responsibly. This volume offers an up-to-date account of the expansion of technology assessment capacities across new European member states. The contributions of this volume are written by leading European researchers and practitioners in technology assessment (TA) and are based on the PACITA (Parliaments and Civil Society in Technology Assessment) project.
Policy Unplugged
by Jennifer Jenson Chloë Brushwood Rose Brian LewisThe authors conducted a two-year study on the implementation of computer technologies, including in-depth interviews and classroom observation at thirty-two elementary and secondary schools across Canada. Based on this research, Policy Unplugged explores the intersections and disconnections between provincial technology policy, school board policy, and school-based practices. The authors consider the ways in which technology policy has become "unplugged" from daily experience, showing that teachers, students, and administrators are part of complex pedagogical and social systems that have been badly served by the enforced and hasty introduction of technology. They also show how small, often unquestioned practices and power relations in schools can create seemingly insurmountable impediments to technological implementation.
Policymaking for Citizen Behavior Change: A Social Marketing Approach
by Nancy R. LeeSocial marketing is a discipline unfamiliar to many policymakers, often confused with the more frequently applied and studied fields of social media, behavioral economics, or social change. Social marketing is a growing field and methodology, however, that has been successfully applied to improve public health, prevent injuries, protect the environment, engage communities, and improve financial well-being. Policymaking for Citizen Behavior Change is designed to demonstrate the ways in which social marketing can be an effective and efficient tool to change citizens’ behavior, and how to advocate for and support its appropriate application. Providing a 10-Step Planning Model and examining a variety of social marketing cases and tools, including more than 40 success stories, Policymaking for Citizen Behavior Change is core reading for current policymakers, as well as all those studying and practicing social marketing, particularly in the public sector. It’s also worthwhile supplementary reading for those studying public policy, public administration, environmental justice, public health, and other programs on how to effect social change.
Polished Game Development
by Steven GoodwinLearn the things you need for a complete game, such as translations and tutorials, and improve the things you've already written to raise their standard to a professional level. This is a practical guide covering every discipline: art, music, writing, and code. In the case of the latter, code examples are included to demonstrate how to implement functionality to make the game shine. Polished Game Development acts as a comprehensive checklist of everything your game should, and should not, do, in order to be as good as it possibly can. It is more than just a book on theoretical game design principles. Explains the difference between a pet project, and a professional one. Covers how to test for the problems and bugs you don't know you'll have. Details simple, but effective, visual improvements that can be done with very little effort. Regardless of platform (web, mobile, or console), or language (C++, C#, JavaScript) there is a wealth of common (and specific) tips within these pages that will enable you to make the most professional games you can. What You Will LearnLearn what essential elements are often missedStay on-brand, visually and verballyUse audio to enhance your gameImprove game balanceTest effectivelyWho This Book Is ForPolished Game Development is for game developers looking for a guide and checklist on how to get their game finished to the highest possible standards. They will know how to write a game, and get it released, but not necessarily how to make it shine. They will be professional developers, indies, university students and graduates.
Polished Ruby Programming: Build better software with more intuitive, maintainable, scalable, and high-performance Ruby code
by Jeremy EvansBecome an accomplished Ruby programmer by understanding the design principles, best practices, and trade-offs involved in implementation approaches to keep your Ruby applications maintainable in the long termKey FeaturesUnderstand the design principles behind polished Ruby code and trade-offs between implementation approachesUse metaprogramming and DSLs to reduce the amount of code needed without decreasing maintainabilityLearn Ruby web application design principles and strategies for databases, security, and testingBook DescriptionMost successful Ruby applications become difficult to maintain over time as the codebase grows in size. Polished Ruby Programming provides you with recommendations and advice for designing Ruby programs that are easy to maintain in the long term. This book takes you through implementation approaches for many common programming situations, the trade-offs inherent in each approach, and why you may choose to use different approaches in different situations. You'll start by learning fundamental Ruby programming principles, such as correctly using core classes, class and method design, variable usage, error handling, and code formatting. Moving on, you'll learn higher-level programming principles, such as library design, use of metaprogramming and domain-specific languages, and refactoring. Finally, you'll learn principles specific to web application development, such as how to choose a database and web framework, and how to use advanced security features. By the end of this Ruby programming book, you'll have gained the skills you need to design robust, high-performance, scalable, and maintainable Ruby applications. While most code examples and principles discussed in the book apply to all Ruby versions, some examples and principles are specific to Ruby 3.0, the latest release at the time of publication.What you will learnUse Ruby's core classes and design custom classes effectivelyExplore the principles behind variable usage and method argument choiceImplement advanced error handling approaches such as exponential backoffDesign extensible libraries and plugin systems in RubyUse metaprogramming and DSLs to avoid code redundancyImplement different approaches to testing and understand their trade-offsDiscover design patterns, refactoring, and optimization with RubyExplore database design principles and advanced web app securityWho this book is forIf you already know how to program in Ruby and want to learn more about the principles and best practices behind writing maintainable, scalable, optimized, and well-structured Ruby code, then this Ruby book is for you. Intermediate to advanced-level working knowledge of the Ruby programming language is expected to get the most out of this book.
Political Advertising in the 2014 European Parliament Elections
by Christina Holtz-Bacha Edoardo Novelli Kevin RafterThis timely publication offers a fresh scholarly assessment of political advertising across the EU, as well as an insight into differing political and regulatory systems related to political advertising in the individual member states. With a detailed focus on the images and communication styles that characterised the 2014 European Parliament election campaign, this edited collection evaluates political advertising across the EU using empirical data to compare and contrast styles and approaches in different members. This work allows the authors to offer an important evaluation of the similarities and differences in the posters and broadcasts used to win public support in the 2014 campaign at the time of the great European recession and financial crisis, specifically looking at the place of posters and video commercials. This book will appeal to researchers and students of political communication, political science, history, European studies as well as candidates and campaign workers who want a more comprehensive understanding of the representation of Europe in political adverts at the 2014 elections.