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Perception-Action Cycle
by Amir Hussain Vassilis Cutsuridis John G. TaylorThe perception-action cycle is the circular flow of information that takes place between the organism and its environment in the course of a sensory-guided sequence of behaviour towards a goal. Each action causes changes in the environment that are analyzed bottom-up through the perceptual hierarchy and lead to the processing of further action, top-down through the executive hierarchy, toward motor effectors. These actions cause new changes that are analyzed and lead to new action, and so the cycle continues. The Perception-action cycle: Models, architectures and hardware book provides focused and easily accessible reviews of various aspects of the perception-action cycle. It is an unparalleled resource of information that will be an invaluable companion to anyone in constructing and developing models, algorithms and hardware implementations of autonomous machines empowered with cognitive capabilities. The book is divided into three main parts. In the first part, leading computational neuroscientists present brain-inspired models of perception, attention, cognitive control, decision making, conflict resolution and monitoring, knowledge representation and reasoning, learning and memory, planning and action, and consciousness grounded on experimental data. In the second part, architectures, algorithms, and systems with cognitive capabilities and minimal guidance from the brain, are discussed. These architectures, algorithms, and systems are inspired from the areas of cognitive science, computer vision, robotics, information theory, machine learning, computer agents and artificial intelligence. In the third part, the analysis, design and implementation of hardware systems with robust cognitive abilities from the areas of mechatronics, sensing technology, sensor fusion, smart sensor networks, control rules, controllability, stability, model/knowledge representation, and reasoning are discussed.
Perceptions and Analysis of Digital Risks
by Camille Capelle Vincent LiquèteThe concept of digital risk, which has become ubiquitous in the media, sustains a number of myths and beliefs about the digital world. This book explores the opposite view of these ideologies by focusing on digital risks as perceived by actors in their respective contexts.Perceptions and Analysis of Digital Risks identifies the different types of risks that concern actors and actually impact their daily lives, within education or various socio-professional environments. It provides an analysis of the strategies used by the latter to deal with these risks as they conduct their activities; thus making it possible to characterize the digital cultures and, more broadly, the informational cultures at work.This book offers many avenues for action in terms of educating the younger generations, training teachers and leaders, and mediating risks.
Perceptual Digital Imaging: Methods and Applications (Digital Imaging and Computer Vision #6)
by Rastislav LukacVisual perception is a complex process requiring interaction between the receptors in the eye that sense the stimulus and the neural system and the brain that are responsible for communicating and interpreting the sensed visual information. This process involves several physical, neural, and cognitive phenomena whose understanding is essential to design effective and computationally efficient imaging solutions. Building on advances in computer vision, image and video processing, neuroscience, and information engineering, perceptual digital imaging greatly enhances the capabilities of traditional imaging methods. Filling a gap in the literature, Perceptual Digital Imaging: Methods and Applications comprehensively covers the system design, implementation, and application aspects of this emerging specialized area. It gives readers a strong, fundamental understanding of theory and methods, providing a foundation on which solutions for many of the most interesting and challenging imaging problems can be built. The book features contributions by renowned experts who present the state of the art and recent trends in image acquisition, processing, storage, display, and visual quality evaluation. They detail advances in the field and explore human visual system-driven approaches across a broad spectrum of applications, including: Image quality and aesthetics assessment Digital camera imaging White balancing and color enhancement Thumbnail generation Image restoration Super-resolution imaging Digital halftoning and dithering Color feature extraction Semantic multimedia analysis and processing Video shot characterization Image and video encryption Display quality enhancement This is a valuable resource for readers who want to design and implement more effective solutions for cutting-edge digital imaging, computer vision, and multimedia applications. Suitable as a graduate-level textbook or stand-alone reference for researchers and practitioners, it provides a unique overview of an important and rapidly developing research field.
Perceptual Image Coding with Discrete Cosine Transform
by Ee-Leng Tan Woon-Seng GanThis book first introduces classic as well as recent computational models for just-noticeable-difference (JND) applications. Since the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is applied in many image and video standards (JPEG, MPEG-1/2/4, H. 261/3), the book also includes a comprehensive survey of computational models for JND that are based on DCT. The visual factors used in these computational models are reviewed in detail. Further, an extensive comparative analysis of these models using quantitative and qualitative performance criteria is presented, which compares the noise shaping performance of these models with subjective evaluation and the accuracy between the estimated JND thresholds and subjective evaluation. There are many surveys available on computational models for JND; however, these surveys seldom compare the performance of computational models that are based on DCT. The authors' survey of the computational models and their in-depth review of the visual factors used in them will help readers understand perceptual image coding based on DCT. The book also provides a comparative analysis of several perceptual image coders that are based on DCT, which are compatible with the highly popular and widely adopted JPEG standard.
Perestroika in the Countryside: Agricultural Reform in the Gorbachev Era
by William MoskoffThis book is a collection of seven papers originally given at the 1989 meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies. The authors come from the fields of economics, history, and political science and are all specialists in the field of Soviet and East European agriculture. The first essay, by David Macey, assesses Gorbachev's agricultural reform in light of the experience of the Stolypin reforms at the beginning of the century. The essays by Jim Butterfield and Ed Cook examine the impediments to successful reform from the perspective of a political scientist and an economist. Karen Brooks and Don Van Atta concentrate their attention on the efforts to introduce lease contracting into agriculture. D.Gale Johnson's essay examines the economic effects of trade liberalization in agriculture. The final paper, by Michael Marrese, suggests that there are lessons for the Soviet Union to be learned from the Hungarian experience, namely, that the changes in agriculture must be comprehensive and that the party can win over popular support if its agricultural policies succeed.
Perfect Letters and Emails for All Occasions
by George DavidsonPerfect Letters and Emails for All Occasions is an invaluable guide for anyone who wants to get the most out of their written communication. Covering everything from advice on how to write to your MP to tips about 'netiquette' and avoiding offensive blunders, it is a one-stop-shop for anyone who wants their writing to get results. Whether you're sending a reply to a formal invitation or a covering letter for a job application, Perfect Letters and Emails for All Occasions has all you need to make sure you get your message across elegantly and effectively.The Perfect series is a range of practical guides that give clear and straightforward advice on everything from getting your first job to choosing your baby's name. Written by experienced authors offering tried-and-tested tips, each book contains all you need to get it right first time.
Perfect Pages: Self Publishing with Microsoft Word, or How to Design Your Own Book for Desktop Publishing and Print on Demand (Word 97-2003 For Windows, Word 2004 For Mac)
by Aaron ShepardNowadays, new technologies and services have made it easier than ever to publish your book, but there's one question you may still face: Do I need an expensive page layout program, or can I just use a word processor like Microsoft Word? With this book as guide, you'll soon be producing pages from Word that no reviewer will scoff at. Aaron Shepard is a foremost proponent of the new business of profitable self publishing through print on demand, which he has practiced and helped develop since 1998. Unlike most authorities on self publishing, he makes the bulk of his living from his self-published books -- not from consulting, speaking, freelance writing, or selling publishing services. In a parallel life, Aaron is an award-winning children's author with numerous picture books from publishers both large and small. He lives in Friday Harbor, Washington, in the San Juan Islands, with his wife and fellow author, Anne L. Watson. "If you want to make your layout and formatting as unproblematic as possible and you don't want to shell out $1-$2k for someone else to do it for you, then add this book to your library. . . . Using this book, I've found page layout pretty fun and now look forward to that part of the process. " -- Zoe Winter, Indie Books Journal (blog of IndieReader. com), Apr. 12, 2010 "If you want to use MS Word for typesetting, you really, really should own a copy of Aaron Shepard's book Perfect Pages. Nobody knows more about making Word produce acceptably typeset books. " -- Walt Shiel, From the Publisher's Desk, Aug. 27, 2007 "If you are a self-publisher, the biggest favour you can possibly do for yourself is to learn how to present your work to its best possible advantage. And in that regard, Aaron Shepard is an invaluable aid. " -- Michael Allen, Grumpy Old Bookman, Apr. 17, 2007 "Excellent not only as a guide to using Word to design books, but also as a concise guide to book design. " -- Morris Rosenthal, author, Print-on-Demand Book Publishing "On target . . . . Concisely addresses a lot of topics that Word users need to know about. " -- James Felici, author, The Complete Manual of Typography
Perfect Secrecy in IoT: A Hybrid Combinatorial-Boolean Approach (Signals and Communication Technology)
by Khodakhast Bibak Behrouz ZolfaghariPerfectly-secure cryptography is a branch of information-theoretic cryptography. A perfectly-secure cryptosystem guarantees that the malicious third party cannot guess anything regarding the plain text or the key, even in the case of full access to the cipher text. Despite this advantage, there are only a few real-world implementations of perfect secrecy due to some well-known limitations. Any simple, straightforward modeling can pave the way for further advancements in the implementation, especially in environments with time and resource constraints such as IoT. This book takes one step towards this goal via presenting a hybrid combinatorial-Boolean model for perfectly-secure cryptography in IoT. In this book, we first present an introduction to information-theoretic cryptography as well as perfect secrecy and its real-world implementations. Then we take a systematic approach to highlight information-theoretic cryptography as a convergence point for existing trends in research on cryptography in IoT. Then we investigate combinatorial and Boolean cryptography and show how they are seen almost everywhere in the ecosystem and the life cycle of information-theoretic IoT cryptography. We finally model perfect secrecy in IoT using Boolean functions, and map the Boolean functions to simple, well-studied combinatorial designs like Latin squares. This book is organized in two parts. The first part studie s information-theoretic cryptography and the promise it holds for cryptography in IoT. The second part separately discusses combinatorial and Boolean cryptography, and then presents the hybrid combinatorial-Boolean model for perfect secrecy in IoT.
Performability in Internet of Things (EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing)
by Fadi Al-TurjmanThis book discusses the challenges in the convergence of technologies as the Internet of Things (IoT) evolves. These include sensing, computing, information processing, networking, and controlling intelligent technologies. The contributors first provide a survey of various assessment and evaluation approaches available for successful convergence. They then go on to cover several operational ideas to apply. The contributors then discuss the challenges involved bridging gaps in computation and the communication process, hidden networks, intelligent decision making, human-to-machine perception and large-scale IoT environments. The contributors aim to provide the reader an overview of trends in IoT in terms of performability and traffic modeling and efforts that can be spent in assessing the graceful degradation in IoT paradigms.Provides a survey of IoT assessment and evaluation approaches;Covers new and innovative operational ideas that apply to the IoT industry and the industries it affects;Includes chapters from researchers and industry leaders in IoT from around the world.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of Multi-Traffic on Communication Networks
by Leonid Ponomarenko Agassi Melikov Che Soong KimPromptly growing demand for telecommunication services and information interchange has led to the fact that communication became one of the most dynamical branches of an infrastructure of a modern society. The book introduces to the bases of classical MDP theory; problems of a finding optimal САС in models are investigated and various problems of improvement of characteristics of traditional and multimedia wireless communication networks are considered together with both classical and new methods of theory MDP which allow defining optimal strategy of access in teletraffic systems. The book will be useful to specialists in the field of telecommunication systems and also to students and post-graduate students of corresponding specialties.
Performance Analysis of Complex Networks and Systems
by Piet Van MieghemThis rigorous, self-contained book describes mathematical and, in particular, stochastic and graph theoretic methods to assess the performance of complex networks and systems. It comprises three parts: the first is a review of probability theory; Part II covers the classical theory of stochastic processes (Poisson, Markov and queueing theory), which are considered to be the basic building blocks for performance evaluation studies; Part III focuses on the rapidly expanding new field of network science. This part deals with the recently obtained insight that many very different large complex networks – such as the Internet, World Wide Web, metabolic and human brain networks, utility infrastructures, social networks – evolve and behave according to general common scaling laws. This understanding is useful when assessing the end-to-end quality of Internet services and when designing robust and secure networks. Containing problems and solved solutions, the book is ideal for graduate students taking courses in performance analysis.
Performance Analysis of Computer Networks
by Matthew N.O. Sadiku Sarhan M. MusaThis book covers performance analysis of computer networks, and begins by providing the necessary background in probability theory, random variables, and stochastic processes. Queuing theory and simulation are introduced as the major tools analysts have access to. It presents performance analysis on local, metropolitan, and wide area networks, as well as on wireless networks. It concludes with a brief introduction to self-similarity. Designed for a one-semester course for senior-year undergraduates and graduate engineering students, it may also serve as a fingertip reference for engineers developing communication networks, managers involved in systems planning, and researchers and instructors of computer communication networks.
Performance Analysis of Cooperative Networking with Multi Channels
by Praveen Kumar Devulapalli Sushanth Babu Maganti Pardhasaradhi PokkunuriThis book covers wireless cooperative communication and advanced communication techniques for research scholars and post-graduate students.Features:• This book will be the reference book for cooperative communication.• It addresses the problems in small-scale cooperative communication.• It presents cooperative routing algorithms for large-scale cooperative networks with the constraint of throughput and transmission time.• It presents energy- efficient transmission approach by making use of multiple radio terminals.• It presents adaptive routing algorithm for large-scale cooperative network under mobility environment.
Performance Analysis of Parallel Applications for HPC
by Wenguang Chen Jidong Zhai Weimin Zheng Yuyang JinThis book presents a hybrid static-dynamic approach for efficient performance analysis of parallel applications on HPC systems. Performance analysis is essential to finding performance bottlenecks and understanding the performance behaviors of parallel applications on HPC systems. However, current performance analysis techniques usually incur significant overhead. Our book introduces a series of approaches for lightweight performance analysis.We combine static and dynamic analysis to reduce the overhead of performance analysis. Based on this hybrid static-dynamic approach, we then propose several innovative techniques for various performance analysis scenarios, including communication analysis, memory analysis, noise analysis, computation analysis, and scalability analysis. Through these specific performance analysis techniques, we convey to readers the idea of using static analysis to support dynamic analysis.To gain the most from the book, readers should have a basic grasp of parallel computing, computer architecture, and compilation techniques.
Performance Analysis of Queuing and Computer Networks (Chapman & Hall/CRC Computer and Information Science Series)
by G.R. DattatreyaPerformance Analysis of Queuing and Computer Networks develops simple models and analytical methods from first principles to evaluate performance metrics of various configurations of computer systems and networks. It presents many concepts and results of probability theory and stochastic processes.After an introduction to queues in compu
Performance And Media: Taxonomies For A Changing Field
by David Z. Saltz Sarah Bay-Cheng Jennifer Parker-StarbuckThis timely collaboration by three prominent scholars of media-based performance presents a new model for understanding and analyzing theater and performance created and experienced where time-based, live events, and mediated technologies converge-particularly those works conceived and performed explicitly within the context of contemporary digital culture. Performance and Media introduces readers to the complexity of new media-based performances and how best to understand and contextualize the work. Each author presents a different model for how best to approach this work, while inviting readers to develop their own critical frameworks, i. e. , taxonomies, to analyze both past and emerging performances. Performance and Media capitalizes on the advantages of digital media and online collaborations, while simultaneously creating a responsive and integrated resource for research, scholarship, and teaching. Unlike other monographs or edited collections, this book presents the concept of multiple taxonomies as a model for criticism in a dynamic and rapidly changing field.
Performance Assurance for IT Systems
by Brian KingPerformance Assurance for IT Systems emphasizes the importance of addressing performance and technology-related issues from the beginning of the planning process, at the feasibility and bid stages. It promotes the concept of Performance Assurance throughout the entire system lifecycle, covering technology, relevant processes, and people-related top
Performance Controllable Industrial Wireless Networks (Wireless Networks)
by Haibin Yu Wei Liang Xi Jin Chi Xu Peng Zeng Meng ZhengWith the rapid proliferation of information and communications technology, industrial automation has undergone a sweeping transformation toward intelligent manufacturing. Wireless communication is widely considered to be one of the key technologies enabling intelligent manufacturing. On one hand, deterministic communication with high reliability and low latency is typically required in industrial automation applications. On the other hand, wireless communication in industrial settings is hindered by strictly limited communication resources and many other factors which mainly derive from the shared and error-prone nature of the wireless channels used. The limited communication resources and harsh channel conditions pose considerable challenges for reliable, real-time data transmission in industrial wireless networks. Resource optimization methods are vital to ensuring the deterministic performance of industrial wireless networks. Traditional resource optimization methods adopt the isolated resource optimization methods for each protocol layer, which is inherently local-optimal and leads performance uncontrollable. To focus on “Performance Controllable Industrial Wireless Networks”, this book presents thejoint resource optimization methods across multiple protocol layers for industrial wireless networks; reviews recent, major advances; and discusses the practical implementations of the proposed methods. The joint resource optimization methods discussed here will greatly benefit scientists and researchers in the areas of industrial automation and Industrial Internet of Things. To gain the most from this book, readers should have a fundamental grasp of wireless communication, scheduling theory, and convex optimization.
Performance Engineering and Stochastic Modeling: 17th European Workshop, EPEW 2021, and 26th International Conference, ASMTA 2021, Virtual Event, December 9–10 and December 13–14, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13104)
by Tuan Phung-Duc Paolo Ballarini Mauro Iacono Hind Castel Ioannis Dimitriou Joris WalraevensThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th European Workshop on Computer Performance Engineering, EPEW 2021, and the 26th International Conference, on Analytical and Stochastic Modelling Techniques and Applications, ASMTA 2021, held in December 2021. The conference was held virtually due to COVID 19 pandemic. The 29 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. The papers presented at the workshop reflect the diversity of modern performance evaluation, with topics ranging from modeling and analysis of network/control protocols and high performance/big data information systems, analysis of scheduling, blockchain technology, analytical modeling and simulation of computer and network systems.
Performance Engineering: Learning Through Applications Using JMT
by Giuseppe SerazziThis open access book improves the users' skills needed to implement models for performance evaluation of digital infrastructures. Building a model is usually a relatively easy task, but making it an accurate representation of the phenomenon to be reproduced is a completely different matter. It is well-known that to increase the ability to build reliable models it is necessary to accumulate experience. The book addresses this need by presenting a collection of case studies of increasing complexity. Readers are introduced to the modeling process gradually, learning the basic concepts step-by-step as they go through the case studies. Queueing Networks are used to design the models solved with simulation and analytical techniques from the open source Java Modelling Tools (JMT). Among the models analyzed there are systems for optimizing performance, identifying bottlenecks, evaluating the impact of the variability of traffic and service demands, analyzing the effects of synchronization policies in parallel computing. Four case studies derived from real-life scenarios are also presented: a surveillance system, autoscaling load fluctuations, web app workflow simulation, and crowd computing platform. This book serves as a reference tool for graduate and senior-level computer science students in courses of performance evaluation and modeling, as well as for researchers and practitioners.
Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools: 14th EAI International Conference, VALUETOOLS 2021, Virtual Event, October 30–31, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering #404)
by Qianchuan Zhao Li XiaThis book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, VALUETOOLS 2021, held in October 2021. Due to the safety concerns and travel restrictions caused by COVID-19, VALUETOOLS took place online in a live stream. VALUETOOLS 2021 aims to provide a world-leading and multidisciplinary venue for researchers and practitioners in diverse disciplines such as computer science, networks and telecommunications, operations research, optimization, control theory and manufacturing. The 16 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions and focus on methodologies and practices in modelling, performance evaluation and optimization of complex systems.
Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools: 15th EAI International Conference, VALUETOOLS 2022, Virtual Event, November 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering #482)
by Esa Hyytiä Veeraruna KavithaThis book constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, VALUETOOLS 2022, held in November 2022. Due to the safety concerns and travel restrictions caused by COVID-19, VALUETOOLS 2022 took place online in a live stream. The conference provides a world-leading and multidisciplinary venue for researchers and practitioners in diverse disciplines such as computer science, networks and telecommunications, operations research, optimization, control theory and manufacturing. The 18 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions and are grouped in thematically as following: game theory; queueing models; applications; retrial queues; performance analysis and networking; distributed computing.
Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools: 16th EAI International Conference, VALUETOOLS 2023, Crete, Greece, September 6–7, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering #539)
by Evangelia Kalyvianaki Marco PaolieriThis volume contains the proceedings of the 16th EAI International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, VALUETOOLS 2023, which took place in Heraklion, Crete during September 6-7, 2023. The conference brought together researchers, developers, and practitioners from around the world and from different communities including computer science, networks and telecommunications, operations research, optimization, control theory, and manufacturing. The 27 members of the International Program Committee (PC) helped to provide at least 3 reviews for each of the 30 submitted contributions. Based on the reviews and PC discussions, 11 high-quality papers (9 research papers, 1 tool paper, and 1 work-in-progress paper) were accepted to be presented during the conference. The volume includes contributions organized into four thematic sessions: Games and Optimization; Simulation; Networking and Queues; Tools.
Performance Evaluation Models for Distributed Service Networks (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #343)
by Grzegorz Bocewicz Jarosław Pempera Victor ToporkovThis book presents novel approaches to formulate, analyze, and solve problems in the area of distributed service networks, notably based on AI-related methods (parallel/cloud computing, declarative modeling, fuzzy methods). Distributed service networks are an important area of research and applications. The methods presented are meant to integrate both emerging and existing concepts and approaches for different types of production flows through synchronizations. An integration of logistics services (e.g., supply chains and projects portfolios), public and multimodal transport, traffic flow congestion management in ad hoc networks, design of high-performance cloud data centers, and milk-run distribution networks are shown as illustrations for the methods proposed. The book is of interest to researchers and practitioners in computer science, operations management, production control, and related fields.
Performance Evaluation Software
by Serdar Korukoglu Bahadir KarasuluPerformance Evaluation Software: Moving Object Detection and Tracking in Videos introduces a software approach for the real-time evaluation and performance comparison of the methods specializing in moving object detection and/or tracking (D&T) in video processing. Digital video content analysis is an important item for multimedia content-based indexing (MCBI), content-based video retrieval (CBVR) and visual surveillance systems. There are some frequently-used generic algorithms for video object D&T in the literature, such as Background Subtraction (BS), Continuously Adaptive Mean-shift (CMS), Optical Flow (OF), etc. An important problem for performance evaluation is the absence of any stable and flexible software for comparison of different algorithms. In this frame, we have designed and implemented the software for comparing and evaluating the well-known video object D&T algorithms on the same platform. This software is able to compare them with the same metrics in real-time and on the same platform. It also works as an automatic and/or semi-automatic test environment in real-time, which uses the image and video processing essentials, e.g. morphological operations and filters, and ground-truth (GT) XML data files, charting/plotting capabilities, etc. Along with the comprehensive literature survey of the abovementioned video object D&T algorithms, this book also covers the technical details of our performance benchmark software as well as a case study on people D&T for the functionality of the software.