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Spectrum-Aware Mobile Computing: Convergence of Cloud Computing and Cognitive Networking (Signals and Communication Technology)
by R. N. Uma Seyed Eman Mahmoodi Koduvayur SubbalakshmiThis book presents solutions to the problems arising in two trends in mobile computing and their intersection: increased mobile traffic driven mainly by sophisticated smart phone applications; and the issue of user demand for lighter phones, which cause more battery power constrained handhelds to offload computations to resource intensive clouds (the second trend exacerbating the bandwidth crunch often experienced over wireless networks). The authors posit a new solution called spectrum aware cognitive mobile computing, which uses dynamic spectrum access and management concepts from wireless networking to offer overall optimized computation offloading and scheduling solutions that achieve optimal trade-offs between the mobile device and wireless resources. They show how in order to allow these competing goals to meet in the middle, and to meet the promise of 5G mobile computing, it is essential to consider mobile offloading holistically, from end to end and use the power of multi-radio access technologies that have been recently developed. Technologies covered in this book have applications to mobile computing, edge computing, fog computing, vehicular communications, mobile healthcare, mobile application developments such as augmented reality, and virtual reality.
Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming
by Anthony Dunne Fiona RabyHow to use design as a tool to create not only things but ideas, to speculate about possible futures.Today designers often focus on making technology easy to use, sexy, and consumable. In Speculative Everything, Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby propose a kind of design that is used as a tool to create not only things but ideas. For them, design is a means of speculating about how things could be—to imagine possible futures. This is not the usual sort of predicting or forecasting, spotting trends and extrapolating; these kinds of predictions have been proven wrong, again and again. Instead, Dunne and Raby pose “what if” questions that are intended to open debate and discussion about the kind of future people want (and do not want).Speculative Everything offers a tour through an emerging cultural landscape of design ideas, ideals, and approaches. Dunne and Raby cite examples from their own design and teaching and from other projects from fine art, design, architecture, cinema, and photography. They also draw on futurology, political theory, the philosophy of technology, and literary fiction. They show us, for example, ideas for a solar kitchen restaurant; a flypaper robotic clock; a menstruation machine; a cloud-seeding truck; a phantom-limb sensation recorder; and devices for food foraging that use the tools of synthetic biology. Dunne and Raby contend that if we speculate more—about everything—reality will become more malleable. The ideas freed by speculative design increase the odds of achieving desirable futures.
Speculative Execution in High Performance Computer Architectures (Chapman & Hall/CRC Computer and Information Science Series)
by Pen-Chung Yew David KaeliUntil now, there were few textbooks that focused on the dynamic subject of speculative execution, a topic that is crucial to the development of high performance computer architectures. Speculative Execution in High Performance Computer Architectures describes many recent advances in speculative execution techniques. It covers cutting-edge research
Specyfikacja oprogramowania. In?ynieria wymaga?. Wydanie III
by Karl E Wiegers Joy BeattyZebranie i opracowanie wymaga? dotycz?cych tworzonego oprogramowania to jeden z fundamentów udanego projektu. Znajomo?? zakresu prac jest kluczow? informacj? dla wszystkich osób prowadz?cych projekt oraz bezcennym ?ród?em wiedzy dla deweloperów tworz?cych kod. Brzmi prosto, ale wcale tak nie jest! Identyfikacja interesariuszy, dokumentacja wymaga?, okre?lanie ich warto?ci biznesowej — to tylko niektóre z wyzwa? stoj?cych przed analitykami i ich zespo?ami!Si?gnij po t? ksi??k?, by unikn?? typowych problemów i pu?apek. W kolejnych rozdzia?ach znajdziesz kluczowe informacje na temat wymaga? dotycz?cych oprogramowania, roli analityka biznesowego oraz dobrych praktyk w in?ynierii wymaga?. Cz??? II tej ksi??ki zosta?a po?wi?cona opracowywaniu wymaga?. Dowiedz si?, jak okre?la? wymagania biznesowe, rozmawia? z u?ytkownikami oraz dokumentowa? i walidowa? wymagania. W prawdziwym ?wiecie spotkasz si? z ró?nymi typami projektów. W zale?no?ci od ich charakteru trzeba b?dzie na bie??co dostosowywa? poznane techniki. Projekty zwinne, projekty systemów wbudowanych, automatyzacja procesów biznesowych to tylko cz??? z omawianych obszarów. Ksi??ka ta jest klasycznym podr?cznikiem, obowi?zkow? lektur? ka?dego analityka oraz osób odpowiedzialnych za wymagania.Dzi?ki tej ksi??ce:- nauczysz si? identyfikowa? interesariuszy oraz rozmawia? z klientami- poznasz dobre praktyki w in?ynierii wymaga?- zrozumiesz zadania analityka biznesowego- ograniczysz ryzyko dzi?ki prototypowaniu- poznasz projekty ró?nego typu- zrozumiesz proces zarz?dzania wymaganiamiLektura obowi?zkowa ka?dego analityka i osób odpowiedzialnych za wymagania!
Speech Acoustic Analysis
by Philippe MartinThe text sets out in simple and accessible terms the various methods of acoustic analysis of speech, placing them in their historical context, allowing a better understanding of the mathematical and technical solutions adopted today in phonetics and experimental phonology. Without mathematical complications, the operating bases of the many speech analysis software currently available are exposed so that everyone can understand the limits and avoid errors and misinterpretations in their implementation.
Speech Coding
by Tom BäckströmThis book provides scientific understanding of the most central techniques used in speech coding both for advanced students as well as professionals with a background in speech audio and or digital signal processing. It provides a clear connection between the Why’s?, How’s?, and What’s, such that the necessity, purpose and solutions provided by tools should be always within sight, as well as their strengths and weaknesses in each respect. Equivalently, this book sheds light on the following perspectives for each technology presented: Objective: What do we want to achieve and especially why is this goal important? Resource / Information: What information is available and how can it be useful? Resource / Platform: What kind of platforms are we working with and what are the capabilities/restrictions of those platforms? This includes properties such as computational, memory, acoustic and transmission capacity of devices used. Solutions: Which solutions have been proposed and how can they be used to reach the stated goals? Strengths and weaknesses: In which ways do the solutions fulfill the objectives and where are they insufficient? Are resources used efficiently? This book concentrates solely on code excited linear prediction and its derivatives since mainstream speech codecs are based on linear prediction It also concentrates exclusively on time domain techniques because frequency domain tools are to a large extent common with audio codecs.
Speech Enhancement Techniques for Digital Hearing Aids
by Rohit M. Thanki Komal R. Borisagar Bhavin S. SedaniThis book provides various speech enhancement algorithms for digital hearing aids. It covers information on noise signals extracted from silences of speech signal. The description of the algorithm used for this purpose is also provided. Different types of adaptive filters such as Least Mean Squares (LMS), Normalized LMS (NLMS) and Recursive Lease Squares (RLS) are described for noise reduction in the speech signals. Different types of noises are taken to generate noisy speech signals, and therefore information on various noises signals is provided. The comparative performance of various adaptive filters for noise reduction in speech signals is also described. In addition, the book provides a speech enhancement technique using adaptive filtering and necessary frequency strength enhancement using wavelet transform as per the requirement of audiogram for digital hearing aids.Presents speech enhancement techniques for improving performance of digital hearing aids;Covers various types of adaptive filters and their advantages and limitations;Provides a hybrid speech enhancement technique using wavelet transform and adaptive filters.
Speech Enhancement in the STFT Domain
by Jacob Benesty Jingdong Chen Emanuël A.P. HabetsThis work addresses this problem in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. We divide the general problem into five basic categories depending on the number of microphones being used and whether the interframe or interband correlation is considered. The first category deals with the single-channel problem where STFT coefficients at different frames and frequency bands are assumed to be independent. In this case, the noise reduction filter in each frequency band is basically a real gain. Since a gain does not improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for any given subband and frame, the noise reduction is basically achieved by liftering the subbands and frames that are less noisy while weighing down on those that are more noisy. The second category also concerns the single-channel problem. The difference is that now the interframe correlation is taken into account and a filter is applied in each subband instead of just a gain. The advantage of using the interframe correlation is that we can improve not only the long-time fullband SNR, but the frame-wise subband SNR as well. The third and fourth classes discuss the problem of multichannel noise reduction in the STFT domain with and without interframe correlation, respectively. In the last category, we consider the interband correlation in the design of the noise reduction filters. We illustrate the basic principle for the single-channel case as an example, while this concept can be generalized to other scenarios. In all categories, we propose different optimization cost functions from which we derive the optimal filters and we also define the performance measures that help analyzing them.
Speech Etiquette in Slavic Online Communities
by Lilia DuskaevaThis edited book focuses on speech etiquette, examining the rules that govern communication in various online communities: professional, female, and ethnospecific. The contributors analyze online communication in the Slavic languages Russian, Slovak, Polish, and Belarusian, showing how the concept of speech etiquette differs from the concept of politeness, although both reflect the relationship between people in interaction. Online communities are united on the basis of common informative or phatic illocutions among their participants, and their speech etiquette is manifested in stable forms of conducting discussions – stimulating and responding. Each group has its own ideas of unacceptable speech behavior and approaches to sanitation, and the rules of speech etiquette in each group determine the degree of rapport and distancing between the participants in discourse. The chapters in this book explore how rapport and distance are established through acts such as showing attention to the addressee and increasing his or her communicative status; reducing or increasing the illocutionary power of evaluations and motivations; and evaluating one’s own or someone else’s speech. The volume will be of interest to researchers studying online communication in such diverse fields as linguistics, sociology, anthropology, programming, and media studies.
Speech Processing and Soft Computing (SpringerBriefs in Speech Technology)
by Sid-Ahmed SelouaniSpeech Processing and Soft Computing includes coverage of synergy between speech technology and bio-inspired soft computing methods. Through practical cases, the author explores, dissects and examines how soft computing may complement conventional techniques in speech enhancement and speech recognition in order to provide robust systems. The material is especially useful to graduate students and experienced researchers who are interested in expanding their horizons and investigating new research directions through review of the theoretical and practical settings of soft computing methods in very recent speech applications.
Speech Processing in Embedded Systems
by Priyabrata SinhaSpeech Processing has rapidly emerged as one of the most widespread and well-understood application areas in the broader discipline of Digital Signal Processing. Besides the telecommunications applications that have hitherto been the largest users of speech processing algorithms, several non-traditional embedded processor applications are enhancing their functionality and user interfaces by utilizing various aspects of speech processing. "Speech Processing in Embedded Systems" describes several areas of speech processing, and the various algorithms and industry standards that address each of these areas. The topics covered include different types of Speech Compression, Echo Cancellation, Noise Suppression, Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis. In addition this book explores various issues and considerations related to efficient implementation of these algorithms on real-time embedded systems, including the role played by processor CPU and peripheral functionality.
Speech Processing in Mobile Environments
by K. Sreenivasa Rao Anil Kumar VuppalaThis book focuses on speech processing in the presence of low-bit rate coding and varying background environments. The methods presented in the book exploit the speech events which are robust in noisy environments. Accurate estimation of these crucial events will be useful for carrying out various speech tasks such as speech recognition, speaker recognition and speech rate modification in mobile environments. The authors provide insights into designing and developing robust methods to process the speech in mobile environments. Covering temporal and spectral enhancement methods to minimize the effect of noise and examining methods and models on speech and speaker recognition applications in mobile environments.
Speech Recognition Using Articulatory and Excitation Source Features
by K. Sreenivasa Rao Manjunath K EThis book discusses the contribution of articulatory and excitation source information in discriminating sound units. The authors focus on excitation source component of speech -- and the dynamics of various articulators during speech production -- for enhancement of speech recognition (SR) performance. Speech recognition is analyzed for read, extempore, and conversation modes of speech. Five groups of articulatory features (AFs) are explored for speech recognition, in addition to conventional spectral features. Each chapter provides the motivation for exploring the specific feature for SR task, discusses the methods to extract those features, and finally suggests appropriate models to capture the sound unit specific knowledge from the proposed features. The authors close by discussing various combinations of spectral, articulatory and source features, and the desired models to enhance the performance of SR systems.
Speech Spectrum Analysis
by Sean A. FulopThe accurate determination of the speech spectrum, particularly for short frames, is commonly pursued in diverse areas including speech processing, recognition, and acoustic phonetics. With this book the author makes the subject of spectrum analysis understandable to a wide audience, including those with a solid background in general signal processing and those without such background. In keeping with these goals, this is not a book that replaces or attempts to cover the material found in a general signal processing textbook. Some essential signal processing concepts are presented in the first chapter, but even there the concepts are presented in a generally understandable fashion as far as is possible. Throughout the book, the focus is on applications to speech analysis; mathematical theory is provided for completeness, but these developments are set off in boxes for the benefit of those readers with sufficient background. Other readers may proceed through the main text, where the key results and applications will be presented in general heuristic terms, and illustrated with software routines and practical "show-and-tell" discussions of the results. At some points, the book refers to and uses the implementations in the Praat speech analysis software package, which has the advantages that it is used by many scientists around the world, and it is free and open source software. At other points, special software routines have been developed and made available to complement the book, and these are provided in the Matlab programming language. If the reader has the basic Matlab package, he/she will be able to immediately implement the programs in that platform---no extra "toolboxes" are required.
Speech Technology: Theory and Applications (Wiley Series In Agent Technology Ser. #11)
by Kristiina Jokinen Fang ChenThis book gives an overview of the research and application of speech technologies in different areas. One of the special characteristics of the book is that the authors take a broad view of the multiple research areas and take the multidisciplinary approach to the topics. One of the goals in this book is to emphasize the application. User experience, human factors and usability issues are the focus in this book.
Speech and Audio Processing for Coding, Enhancement and Recognition
by Tokunbo Ogunfunmi Roberto Togneri Madihally Sim NarasimhaThis book describes the basic principles underlying the generation, coding, transmission and enhancement of speech and audio signals, including advanced statistical and machine learning techniques for speech and speaker recognition with an overview of the key innovations in these areas. Key research undertaken in speech coding, speech enhancement, speech recognition, emotion recognition and speaker diarization are also presented, along with recent advances and new paradigms in these areas.
Speech and Audio Processing: A MATLAB®-based Approach
by Ian Vince McloughlinWith this comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field, you will gain all the skills and knowledge needed to work with current and future audio, speech, and hearing processing technologies. Topics covered include mobile telephony, human-computer interfacing through speech, medical applications of speech and hearing technology, electronic music, audio compression and reproduction, big data audio systems and the analysis of sounds in the environment. All of this is supported by numerous practical illustrations, exercises, and hands-on MATLAB examples on topics as diverse as psychoacoustics (including some auditory illusions), voice changers, speech compression, signal analysis and visualisation, stereo processing, low-frequency ultrasonic scanning, and machine learning techniques for big data. With its pragmatic and application driven focus, and concise explanations, this is an essential resource for anyone who wants to rapidly gain a practical understanding of speech and audio processing and technology.
Speech and Computer
by Rodmonga Potapova Alexey Karpov Iosif MporasThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2014, held in Novi Sad, Serbia. The 56 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 100 initial submissions. It is a conference with long tradition that attracts researchers in the area of computer speech processing (recognition, synthesis, understanding etc. ) and related domains (including signal processing, language and text processing, multi-modal speech processing or human-computer interaction for instance).
Speech and Computer
by Andrey Ronzhin Rodmonga Potapova Nikos FakotakisThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2015, held in Athens, Greece, in September 2015. The 59 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 104 initial submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics in the area of computer speech processing such as recognition, synthesis, and understanding and related domains including signal processing, language and text processing, multi-modal speech processing or human-computer interaction.
Speech and Computer
by Andrey Ronzhin Rodmonga Potapova Géza NémethThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2014, held in Novi Sad, Serbia. The 56 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 100 initial submissions. It is a conference with long tradition that attracts researchers in the area of computer speech processing (recognition, synthesis, understanding etc. ) and related domains (including signal processing, language and text processing, multi-modal speech processing or human-computer interaction for instance).
Speech and Computer: 20th International Conference, SPECOM 2018, Leipzig, Germany, September 18–22, 2018, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11096)
by Rodmonga Potapova Alexey Karpov Oliver JokischThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2018, held in Leipzig, Germany, in September 2018.The 79 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 132 submissions. The papers present current research in the area of computer speech processing, including recognition, synthesis, understanding and related domains like signal processing, language and text processing, computational paralinguistics, multi-modal speech processing or human-computer interaction.
Speech and Computer: 21st International Conference, SPECOM 2019, Istanbul, Turkey, August 20–25, 2019, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #11658)
by Albert Ali Salah Rodmonga Potapova Alexey KarpovThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2019, held in Istanbul, Turkey, in August 2019.The 57 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 86 submissions. The papers present current research in the area of computer speech processing including audio signal processing, automatic speech recognition, speaker recognition, computational paralinguistics, speech synthesis, sign language and multimodal processing, and speech and language resources.
Speech and Computer: 22nd International Conference, SPECOM 2020, St. Petersburg, Russia, October 7–9, 2020, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12335)
by Rodmonga Potapova Alexey KarpovThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2020, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in October 2020. The 65 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 160 submissions. The papers present current research in the area of computer speech processing including speech science, speech technology, natural language processing, human-computer interaction, language identification, multimedia processing, human-machine interaction, deep learning for audio processing, computational paralinguistics, affective computing, speech and language resources, speech translation systems, text mining and sentiment analysis, voice assistants, etc.Due to the Corona pandemic SPECOM 2020 was held as a virtual event.
Speech and Computer: 23rd International Conference, SPECOM 2021, St. Petersburg, Russia, September 27–30, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #12997)
by Rodmonga Potapova Alexey KarpovThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2021, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in September 2021.* The 74 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 163 submissions. The papers present current research in the area of computer speech processing including audio signal processing, automatic speech recognition, speaker recognition, computational paralinguistics, speech synthesis, sign language and multimodal processing, and speech and language resources.*Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, SPECOM 2021 was held as a hybrid event.
Speech and Computer: 24th International Conference, SPECOM 2022, Gurugram, India, November 14–16, 2022, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13721)
by S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna Alexey Karpov K. Samudravijaya Shyam S. AgrawalThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Speech and Computer, SPECOM 2022, held as a hybrid event in Gurugram, India, in November 2022.The 51 full and 9 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 99 submissions. The papers present current research in the area of computer speech processing including audio signal processing, automatic speech recognition, speaker recognition, computational paralinguistics, speech synthesis, sign language and multimodal processing, and speech and language resources.