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The Dynamics of International Information Systems
by Hans LehmannWith this new monograph, Hans Lehmann demonstrates the efficacy of using the Grounded Theory method to study the factors that lead to success - or failure - in the creation and ongoing management of the international information systems (IIS) within global enterprises. He presents three cases of large transnational companies he worked with in this study and describes in detail the steps in the analysis of findings and the incremental conceptualization that finally result in a substantive theory of IIS. There is also a companion website that contains a full set of analysis notes to add a further level of detail. Grounded Theory was developed in the social sciences as a means of recording, analyzing, understanding and then fully explaining what was happening within a given social situation - so that theories could be developed that were firmly grounded in those circumstantial facts. The method is very well-suited to solving information systems problems in any enterprise setting, let alone in those situations peculiar to multi-national enterprises.
The Dynamics of Political Communication: Media and Politics in a Digital Age
by Richard M. PerloffWhat impact do news and political advertising have on us? How do candidates use media to persuade us as voters? Are we informed adequately about political issues? Do twenty-first-century political communications measure up to democratic ideals? The Dynamics of Political Communication: Media and Politics in a Digital Age, Second Edition explores these issues and guides us through current political communication theories and beliefs by detailing the fluid landscape of political communication and offering us an engaging introduction to the field and a thorough tour of the discipline. Author Richard Perloff examines essential concepts in this arena, such as agenda-setting, agenda-building, framing, political socialization, and issues of bias that are part of campaign news. Designed to provide an understanding and appreciation of the principles involved in political communication along with methods of research and hypothesis-testing, each chapter includes materials that challenge us by encouraging reflection on controversial matters. Inside this Second Edition you’ll find: Expanded discussion of conceptual problems, communication complexities, and key issues in the field. New examples, concepts, and studies reflecting current political communication scholarship. The integration of technology throughout the text, reflecting its pervasive role in the political spectrum. Accompanied by an updated companion website with resources for students and instructors, The Dynamics of Political Communication prepares you to survey the political landscape with a more critical eye, and encourages a greater understanding of the challenges and occurrences presented in this constantly evolving field.
The Dynamics of Political Communication: Media and Politics in a Digital Age
by Richard M. PerloffThe third edition of The Dynamics of Political Communication continues its comprehensive coverage of communication and politics, focusing on problematic issues that bear on the functioning of democracy in an age of partisanship, social media, and political leadership that questions media’s legitimacy. The book covers the intersections between politics and communication, calling on related social science disciplines as well as normative political philosophy. This new edition is thoroughly updated and includes a survey of the contemporary political communication environment, unpacking fake news, presidential communication, hostile media bias, concerns about the waning of democracy, partisan polarization, political advertising and marketing, the relationship between social media and the news media, and the 2020 election, all the while drawing on leading new scholarship in these areas. It's ideally suited for upper-level undergraduate and graduate political communication courses in communication, journalism, and political science programs. This edition again features online resources with links to examples of political communication in action, such as videos, news articles, tweets, and press releases. For instructors, an instructor’s manual, lecture slides, and test questions are also provided. Access the support material at www.routledge.com/9780367279417
The Dynamics of Technology for Social Change: Lessons Learned from the Field
by Jonathan PeizerTopics include: Sector dependencies, collaboration dynamics, information and communication technology challenges; nonprofit capacity issues and promising approaches; balancing the profit and value motive; implementation strategies; marketing and promotion strategies.
The Dynamics of the Innovation Divide between China and Europe: National and Regional Dimensions (Routledge Studies in the Economics of Innovation)
by Arkadiusz Michał KowalskiThis book examines the problem of the innovation divide in the world economy, and convergence in innovation performance between leaders and followers, analysed through the prism of Chinese experiences, and explored from an European Union (EU) perspective. The rationale for research conducted in this book is an observation of a significant change in the geography of world innovation, reflected in the emergence of innovation hubs in developing countries and in the shift of manufacturing activity, including high and medium-high technology industries, to emerging economies, mainly China. The book analyses the factors of Chinese innovation success in recent decades, such as: China’s science, technology and innovation policy, increased R&D expenditures, human capital development and the development of clusters and highly specialized industries. It also focuses on the challenges for developed European economies, which are being at risk of losing their knowledge-related sources of competitive advantage. It also offers recommendations for future policy actions. The book’s analysis goes beyond a cross-country comparison, taking into account a regional perspective. The reason for this regional dimension is the increasingly recognized importance of proximity in stimulating innovation processes, and an observed strong geographical polarization of innovation activity at specific regions seen in the emergence of clusters, particularly visible in China. The monograph will provide an up-to-date reference for academics and students across a variety of disciplines. It will be of particular interest to researchers in the area of innovation and practitioners doing business in China, as well as policymakers at international, national and regional levels involved in designing and implementing innovation policy.
The E-Code
by Joe Vitale Jo Han MokBusiness on the internet is gaining in popularity. With low overhead and start-up costs, people are able to create businesses that prosper. In this book, some of the leading internet marketers show you how to use the power of e-mail to collaborate on projects, sell products without spamming anyone, and how to find people who are genuinely interested in your products. This is a practical book for people who are ready to take their business to the next level. It is also a great roadmap for people who want to do business online but don't know where to start.
The E-Factor: Entrepreneurship in the Social Media Age
by Marion Freijsen Adrie ReindersAs an entrepreneur, you're not afraid to bend the rules and think outside the box. You're not burdened with linear thinking, and thinking differently and trying new approaches enable you to solve problems. As serial entrepreneurs and cofounders of the largest social network for entrepreneurs in the world, EFactor.com, Adrie Reinders and Marion Freijsen know about the challenges facing new entrepreneurs in the current business environment. Their site—with a community of one million-plus and growing rapidly—is a virtual marketplace for entrepreneurs to make business connections, negotiate deals, exchange information, and advertise their products and services. In The E-Factor, Reinders and Freijsen educate entrepreneurs on the pitfalls that take down most entrepreneurs before they get started, such as restricted resources, skills gaps, and financial limitations, and show you how to overcome these obstacles. Discover how best to secure funding for your fledgling startup and how to use new forms of social media work to your advantage. Along the way, read a wide array of case studies of successes and learn lessons from others' failures, including those from small business owners and burgeoning entrepreneurs, all the way up to multinational corporations, global brand leaders, and the founders themselves. The E-Factor shows you how to gain leverage and evaluate and reassess goals, products, and company structure to meet needs in a competitive environment. Combine the best traditional entrepreneurial thinking with new tools, ideas, and channels now at your disposal.
The E-Myth Revisited: Why Most Small Businesses Don't Work and What to Do About It
by Michael E. GerberAuthor provides information on building and running a successful business.
The EM Algorithm and Related Statistical Models (Statistics: A Series Of Textbooks And Monographs #170)
by Michiko Watanabe Kazunori YamaguchiExploring the application and formulation of the EM algorithm, The EM Algorithm and Related Statistical Models offers a valuable method for constructing statistical models when only incomplete information is available, and proposes specific estimation algorithms for solutions to incomplete data problems. The text covers current topics including statistical models with latent variables, as well as neural network models, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. It describes software resources valuable for the processing of the EM algorithm with incomplete data and for general analysis of latent structure models of categorical data, and studies accelerated versions of the EM algorithm.
The EU AI Act: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
by Paul Voigt Nils HullenThe AI Act of the European Union regulates the development and use of AI comprehensively and for all sectors. Companies, as well as NGOs and public authorities, are subject to obligations under the new European regulation, even if they are located outside of the EU. Readers of this handbook are introduced to the EU AI Act in an easy-to-read Q&A-style. The book addresses all relevant questions and provides guidance on how to deal with the obligations for providers, deployers and other stakeholders of the AI ecosystem, enabling compliance with the requirements of the AI Act: What is ‘Artificial Intelligence’ in terms of the EU AI Act? Which AI systems and operators are in scope? What general requirements apply to AI systems and general-purpose AI models? Which AI practices are prohibited? How does the risk-based approach of the AI Act work? How do GDPR and AI Act interact? What technical standards can be implemented to comply with the AI Act? Which fines apply in case of infringements? The book will address these questions and many more in order to facilitate the application and implementation of the EU AI Act for stakeholders of all shapes and sizes.
The EU Artificial Intelligence Act: Regulating Subliminal AI Systems (Routledge Research in the Law of Emerging Technologies)
by Rostam J. NeuwirthAI in combination with other innovative technologies promises to bring unprecedented opportunities to all aspects of life. These technologies, however, hold great dangers, especially for the manipulation of the human mind, which have given rise to serious ethical concerns. Apart from some sectoral regulatory efforts to address these concerns, no regulatory framework for AI has yet been adopted though in 2021 the European Commission of the EU published a draft Act on Artificial Intelligence and UNESCO followed suit with a Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. The book contextualises the future regulation of AI, specifically addressing the regulatory challenges relating to the planned prohibition of the use of AI systems that deploy subliminal techniques. The convergence of AI with various related technologies, such as brain–computer interfaces, functional magnetic resonance imaging, robotics and big data, already allows for "mind reading" or "dream hacking" through brain spyware, as well as other practices that intrude on cognition and the right to freedom of thought. Future innovations will enhance the possibilities for manipulating thoughts and behaviour, and they threaten to cause serious harm to individuals as well as to society as a whole. The issue of subliminal perception and the ability to deceive and manipulate the mind below the threshold of awareness causes severe difficulties for law and democracy and raises important questions for the future of society. This book shows how cognitive, technological, and legal questions are intrinsically interwoven, and aims to stimulate an urgently needed transdisciplinary and transnational debate between students, academics, practitioners, policymakers and citizens interested not only in the law but also in disciplines including computer science, neuroscience, sociology, political science, marketing and psychology.
The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): A Practical Guide
by Paul Voigt Axel von dem BusscheSix years have passed since the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) entered into force. With its numerous data protection obligations and the threat of high fines, companies had to change their approach to data protection. It has been an ongoing challenge for companies to keep up with the constant changes deriving from a plethora of new decisions by courts and supervisory authorities. The 2nd Edition of this book provides a practical overview of the requirements of the GDPR. Examples, tables, and checklists showcase the requirements of the GDPR, whilst also giving practical tips to tackle the regulatory challenges. The handbook examines the GDPR’s scope of application, the organisational and material requirements of the GDPR, the rights of data subjects, the role of the supervisory authorities, and enforcement and fines. The book has been completely revised for the second edition and takes extensive account of new data protection case law and regulatory guidelines.
The EXODUS Incident: A Scientific Novel (Science and Fiction)
by Peter SchattschneiderIn the near future, Earth is suffering from climate change, famines, and fundamentalism. A global nuclear war is imminent. Interstellar probes from the Breakthrough Starshot project initiated by J. Milner and S. Hawking have discovered a habitable planet in the stellar system Proxima Centauri, just in time for the exodus of the elites. On board the EXODUS starship, the crew starts to experience strange things. The voyage to Atlantis, the new home for mankind, enters a mysterious and disquieting territory, where conspiracy theories about what is real and what is virtual emerge. THE EXODUS INCIDENT is a novel about an interstellar journey, which connects science to virtual realities and epistemology. In the guise of a final investigative report, a scientific treatise discusses the physics and mathematics behind the story: the starship, the fusion thruster, the target planet, and the journey, addressing anomalous effects which involve relativistic speed and deep space environments.
The Early Computer Industry
by Anthony GandyUses case studies to explore why large scale electronics failed to win a leadership position in the early computer industry and why IBM, a firm with a heritage in the business machines industry, succeeded. The cases cover both the US and the UK industry focusing on electronics giants GE, RCA, English Electric, EMI and Ferranti.
The Early-Career Professional’s Guide to Generative AI: Opportunities and Challenges for an AI-Enabled Workforce
by Jonas BjergThe world stands at a pivotal moment due to the emergence of Generative AI, specifically ChatGPT. This groundbreaking technology has provoked and impressed almost every industry globally, evoking every emotion from awe to anxiety. Many are apprehensive about the future, fearing job losses due to rapid artificial intelligence (AI advancements). But if history has taught us anything, progress, while challenging, often paves the way for broader opportunities and growth. This book explains in depth the core building blocks that make up the current landscape of transformer and language models and, more broadly speaking, AI as a whole. We have seen how the internet and the mobile revolution changed our world. Is AI following a similar trajectory? Are we on the verge of something even more transformative? This book strives to provide a complete picture of the challenges and opportunities and the implications for our shared futures. In subsequent chapters, the book will discuss language models in depth. These are not just algorithms; they represent a nexus of linguistics, cognitive science, and cutting-edge technology. You’ll trace AI’s unexpected and exhilarating evolution, observing how it has grown from a mere concept to a force reshaping entire industries. Finally, you’ll consider the rise of AI in the context of advancements. While ChatGPT has gained significant attention for certain applications, it’s essential to recognize that its capabilities extend far beyond what’s immediately evident. Artificial Intelligence, represented by models like ChatGPT, is not a static field. It’s dynamic and ever-evolving, and its potential applications are broadening each day. Technology is not, by any means, limited to chatbots or translation use cases. This book captures this vast and ever-expanding horizon of possibilities. What You Will Learn How large language models came to be, and how they work What ethical AI design looks like The role of regulation in artificial intelligence Why you should not be afraid of losing your job Who This Book is For Working professionals and students in any field
The Easy eBay Business Guide: The Story Of One Person's Success And A Step-by-step Guide To Doing It Yourself
by Cathy HayesFrom a few bits and pieces in a dusty loft to a profitable business with more than 20,000 sales and turnover of £100,000.00 in just one year. This book not only tells the story of how the author went from being an eBay buyer to a Top Rated Platinum Powerseller with over 12,000 positive feedbacks, but also provides the reader with a step by step easy to follow guide to launching a successful eBay business. Drawing from the Author's own experiences and skills acquired in her first year trading this book will help the reader avoid the pitfalls and mistakes she made and fast track their new enterprise on the road to success.
The Easy eBay Business Guide: The story of one person's success and a step-by-step guide to doing it yourself
by Cathy HayesFrom a few bits and pieces in a dusty loft to a profitable business with more than 20,000 sales and turnover of £100,000.00 in just one year. This book not only tells the story of how the author went from being an eBay buyer to a Top Rated Platinum Powerseller with over 12,000 positive feedbacks, but also provides the reader with a step by step easy to follow guide to launching a successful eBay business. Drawing from the Author's own experiences and skills acquired in her first year trading this book will help the reader avoid the pitfalls and mistakes she made and fast track their new enterprise on the road to success.
The Eclipse of the Utopias of Labor (Forms of Living)
by Anson RabinbachThe Eclipse of the Utopias of Labor traces the shift from the eighteenth-century concept of man as machine to the late twentieth-century notion of digital organisms. Step by step—from Jacques de Vaucanson and his Digesting Duck, through Karl Marx’s Capital, Hermann von Helmholtz’s social thermodynamics, Albert Speer’s Beauty of Labor program in Nazi Germany, and on to the post-Fordist workplace, Rabinbach shows how society, the body, and labor utopias dreamt up future societies and worked to bring them about. This masterful follow-up to The Human Motor, Rabinbach’s brilliant study of the European science of work, bridges intellectual history, labor history, and the history of the body. It shows the intellectual and policy reasons as to how a utopia of the body as motor won wide acceptance and moved beyond the “man as machine” model before tracing its steep decline after 1945—and along with it the eclipse of the great hopes that a more efficient workplace could provide the basis of a new, more socially satisfactory society.
The Economic Lives of Platforms: Rethinking the Political Economy of Digital Markets
by Anne Mette Thorhauge, Andreas Lindegaard Gregersen, Eva Iris Otto, Jacob Ørmen and Morten Axel PedersenThis interdisciplinary collection rethinks the political economy of the digital market by asking what came before platforms and suggesting what might come after them. By unpacking the concept of ‘platform economies’ into locally embedded variations of digital markets, the book identifies what is new about contemporary platforms and what is characteristic of wider historical, social and economic currents. The diverse team of authors employ various analytical approaches, including in-depth ethnographic studies, and theoretical and analytical reconceptualizations of platforms and the industries they encompass.Tapping into current themes including the decolonisation of the internet, this book offers a timely assessment of the implications of emerging reconfigurations between technology, information, society and markets.
The Economic Philosophy of the Internet of Things (Routledge Studies in the Economics of Innovation)
by James JuniperTo properly understand the nature of the digital economy we need to investigate the phenomenon of a "ubiquitous computing system" (UCS). As defined by Robin Milner, this notion implies the following characteristics: (i) it will continually make decisions hitherto made by us; (ii) it will be vast, maybe 100 times today’s systems; (iii) it must continually adapt, on-line, to new requirements; and, (iv) individual UCSs will interact with one another. This book argues that neoclassical approaches to modelling economic behaviour based on optimal control by "representative-agents" are ill-suited to a world typified by concurrency, decentralized control, and interaction. To this end, it argues for the development of new, process-based approaches to analysis, modelling, and simulation. The book provides the context—both philosophical and mathematical—for the construction and application of new, rigorous, and meaningful analytical tools. In terms of social theory, it adopts a Post-Cognitivist approach, the elements of which include the nature philosophy of Schelling, Marx’s critique of political economy, Peircean Pragmatism, Whitehead’s process philosophy, and Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of the flesh, along with cognitive scientific notions of embodied cognition and neural Darwinism, as well as more questionable notions of artificial intelligence that are encompassed by the rubric of "perception-and-action-without-intelligence".
The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)
by Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, and Avi GoldfarbAdvances in artificial intelligence (AI) highlight the potential of this technology to affect productivity, growth, inequality, market power, innovation, and employment. This volume seeks to set the agenda for economic research on the impact of AI. It covers four broad themes: AI as a general purpose technology; the relationships between AI, growth, jobs, and inequality; regulatory responses to changes brought on by AI; and the effects of AI on the way economic research is conducted. It explores the economic influence of machine learning, the branch of computational statistics that has driven much of the recent excitement around AI, as well as the economic impact of robotics and automation and the potential economic consequences of a still-hypothetical artificial general intelligence. The volume provides frameworks for understanding the economic impact of AI and identifies a number of open research questions. Contributors: Daron Acemoglu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Philippe Aghion, Collège de France Ajay Agrawal, University of Toronto Susan Athey, Stanford University James Bessen, Boston University School of Law Erik Brynjolfsson, MIT Sloan School of Management Colin F. Camerer, California Institute of Technology Judith Chevalier, Yale School of Management Iain M. Cockburn, Boston University Tyler Cowen, George Mason University Jason Furman, Harvard Kennedy School Patrick Francois, University of British Columbia Alberto Galasso, University of Toronto Joshua Gans, University of Toronto Avi Goldfarb, University of Toronto Austan Goolsbee, University of Chicago Booth School of Business Rebecca Henderson, Harvard Business School Ginger Zhe Jin, University of Maryland Benjamin F. Jones, Northwestern University Charles I. Jones, Stanford University Daniel Kahneman, Princeton University Anton Korinek, Johns Hopkins University Mara Lederman, University of Toronto Hong Luo, Harvard Business School John McHale, National University of Ireland Paul R. Milgrom, Stanford University Matthew Mitchell, University of Toronto Alexander Oettl, Georgia Institute of Technology Andrea Prat, Columbia Business School Manav Raj, New York University Pascual Restrepo, Boston University Daniel Rock, MIT Sloan School of Management Jeffrey D. Sachs, Columbia University Robert Seamans, New York University Scott Stern, MIT Sloan School of Management Betsey Stevenson, University of Michigan Joseph E. Stiglitz. Columbia University Chad Syverson, University of Chicago Booth School of Business Matt Taddy, University of Chicago Booth School of Business Steven Tadelis, University of California, Berkeley Manuel Trajtenberg, Tel Aviv University Daniel Trefler, University of Toronto Catherine Tucker, MIT Sloan School of Management Hal Varian, University of California, Berkeley
The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)
by Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, Avi Goldfarb, and Catherine E. TuckerA timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.
The Economics of Big Science 2.0: Essays by Leading Scientists and Policymakers (Science Policy Reports)
by Panagiotis Charitos Johannes GutleberThe second volume of open access essays builds upon the success of the initial installment, "The Economics of Big Science (© 2021, 978-3-030-52390-9, Open Access book as well)," delving deeper into the tangible socio-economic value generated by fundamental science missions and elucidating the various ways in which this benefit is realized. This collection showcases contributions that stem from socio-economic impact studies conducted on the activities of Research Infrastructures. These studies were presented and discussed by the authors during a dedicated session on the "Economics of Big Science" at the headquarters of the European Space Agency (ESA) in Paris in May 2023, organized by EIROforum. The authors, affiliated with prominent universities, research centers, and international research organizations, actively contribute to an international collaborative effort. Their aim is to develop strategies and policies that ensure fundamental scientific research in Europe translates into tangible and sustainable societal and economic benefits. This volume is intended to be a valuable resource for policymakers, funding agencies, scientists, and academics across diverse domains. It serves as a comprehensive reference for the evidence of socio-economic impact stemming from fundamental scientific research within Open Science, Research, and Innovation environments. Moreover, it equips stakeholders with evidence supporting the effectiveness of impact analysis and facilitates the design of best practices in this regard.
The Economics of Big Science: Essays by Leading Scientists and Policymakers (Science Policy Reports)
by Hans Peter Beck Panagiotis CharitosThe essays in this open access volume identify the key ingredients for success in capitalizing on public investments in scientific projects and the development of large-scale research infrastructures.Investment in science – whether in education and training or through public funding for developing new research tools and technologies – is a crucial priority. Authors from big research laboratories/organizations, funding agencies and academia discuss how investing in science can produce societal benefits as well as identifying future challenges for scientists and policy makers. The volume cites different ways to assess the socio-economic impact of Research Infrastructures and their role as hubs of global collaboration, creativity and innovation. It highlights the different benefits stemming from fundamental research at the local, national and global level, while also inviting us to rethink the notion of “benefit” in the 21st century.Public investment is required to maintain the pace of technological and scientific advancements over the next decades. Far from advocating a radical transformation and massive expansion in funding, the authors suggest ways for maintaining a strong foundation of science and research to ensure that we continue to benefit from the outputs. The volume draws inspiration from the first “Economics of Big Science” workshop, held in Brussels in 2019 with the aim of creating a new space for dialogue and interaction between representatives of Big Science organizations, policy makers and academia. It aspires to provide useful reading for policy makers, scientists and students of science, who are increasingly called upon to explain the value of fundamental research and adopt the language and logic of economics when engaging in policy discussions.
The Economics of Blockchain Consensus: Exploring the Key Tradeoffs in Blockchain Design
by Joshua GansBlockchain technologies have been rapidly adopted for the creation of cryptocurrencies and have been explored for a myriad of applications. While this is of important economic interest, the computer science behind how blockchains operate to provide security and provenance has been largely inaccessible to economists. This book is a bridge between the computer science and the economics of blockchains. The focus is on the value and the achievement of blockchain consensus; that is, how distributed and independent nodes are able to reach an agreement on what the current state of digital ledgers, that are the product of blockchains, are. The book shows that the goals of computer scientists in designing blockchains place very high weight on security beyond what an economist trained in game theory and mechanism design would require. It shows how blockchains can be redesigned to account for key economic trade-offs, and will be of interest to researchers and students of economics, financial technology and computer science, alongside policymakers.