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Fractals: Concepts and Applications in Geosciences
by Behzad Ghanbarian Allen G. HuntThis book provides theoretical concepts and applications of fractals and multifractals to a broad range of audiences from various scientific communities, such as petroleum, chemical, civil and environmental engineering, atmospheric research, and hydrology. In the first chapter, we introduce fractals and multifractals from physics and math viewpoints. We then discuss theory and practical applications in detail. In what follows, in chapter 2, fragmentation process is modeled using fractals. Fragmentation is the breaking of aggregates into smaller pieces or fragments, a typical phenomenon in nature. In chapter 3, the advantages and disadvantages of two- and three-phase fractal models are discussed in detail. These two kinds of approach have been widely applied in the literature to model different characteristics of natural phenomena. In chapter 4, two- and three-phase fractal techniques are used to develop capillary pressure curve models, which characterize pore-size distribution of porous media. Percolation theory provides a theoretical framework to model flow and transport in disordered networks and systems. Therefore, following chapter 4, in chapter 5 the fractal basis of percolation theory and its applications in surface and subsurface hydrology are discussed. In chapter 6, fracture networks are shown to be modeled using fractal approaches. Chapter 7 provides different applications of fractals and multifractals to petrophysics and relevant area in petroleum engineering. In chapter 8, we introduce the practical advantages of fractals and multifractals in geostatistics at large scales, which have broad applications in stochastic hydrology and hydrogeology. Multifractals have been also widely applied to model atmospheric characteristics, such as precipitation, temperature, and cloud shape. In chapter 9, these kinds of properties are addressed using multifractals. At watershed scales, river networks have been shown to follow fractal behavior. Therefore, the applications of fractals are addressed in chapter 10. Time series analysis has been under investigations for several decades in physics, hydrology, atmospheric research, civil engineering, and water resources. In chapter 11, we therefore, provide fractal, multifractal, multifractal detrended fluctuation analyses, which can be used to study temporal characterization of a phenomenon, such as flow discharge at a specific location of a river. Chapter 12 addresses signals and again time series using a novel fractal Fourier analysis. In chapter 13, we discuss constructal theory, which has a perspective opposite to fractal theories, and is based on optimizationof diffusive exchange. In the case of river drainages, for example, the constructal approach begins at the divide and generates headwater streams first, rather than starting from the fundamental drainage pattern.
Fractional Calculus for Hydrology, Soil Science and Geomechanics: An Introduction to Applications
by Ninghu SuThis book is an unique integrated treatise, on the concepts of fractional calculus as models with applications in hydrology, soil science and geomechanics. The models are primarily fractional partial differential equations (fPDEs), and in limited cases, fractional differential equations (fDEs). It develops and applies relevant fPDEs and fDEs mainly to water flow and solute transport in porous media and overland, and in some cases, to concurrent flow and energy transfer. It is an integrated resource with theory and applications for those interested in hydrology, hydraulics and fluid mechanics. The self-contained book summaries the fundamentals for porous media and essential mathematics with extensive references supporting the development of the model and applications.
Fractional Dynamic Calculus and Fractional Dynamic Equations on Time Scales
by Svetlin G. GeorgievPedagogically organized, this monograph introduces fractional calculus and fractional dynamic equations on time scales in relation to mathematical physics applications and problems. Beginning with the definitions of forward and backward jump operators, the book builds from Stefan Hilger’s basic theories on time scales and examines recent developments within the field of fractional calculus and fractional equations. Useful tools are provided for solving differential and integral equations as well as various problems involving special functions of mathematical physics and their extensions and generalizations in one and more variables. Much discussion is devoted to Riemann-Liouville fractional dynamic equations and Caputo fractional dynamic equations. Intended for use in the field and designed for students without an extensive mathematical background, this book is suitable for graduate courses and researchers looking for an introduction to fractional dynamic calculus and equations on time scales.
Fractional Equations and Models: Theory and Applications (Developments in Mathematics #61)
by Trifce Sandev Živorad TomovskiFractional equations and models play an essential part in the description of anomalous dynamics in complex systems. Recent developments in the modeling of various physical, chemical and biological systems have clearly shown that fractional calculus is not just an exotic mathematical theory, as it might have once seemed. The present book seeks to demonstrate this using various examples of equations and models with fractional and generalized operators. Intended for students and researchers in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and engineering, it systematically offers a wealth of useful tools for fractional calculus.
Fractional Thermoelasticity (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications #278)
by Yuriy PovstenkoThis new edition offers expanded coverage of fractional calculus, including Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals, Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives, Riesz fractional operators, and Mittag-Leffler and Wright functions. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive examination of fractional heat conduction and related theories of thermoelasticity. Readers will gain insights into the concepts of time and space nonlocality and their impact on the generalizations of Fourier's law in thermoelasticity. This edition presents a detailed formulation of the problem of heat conduction in different domains and the associated thermal stresses, covering topics such as the fundamental solution to the Dirichlet problem, constant boundary conditions for temperature, and the fundamental solution to the physical Neumann problem. New insights into time-harmonic heat impact on the boundary have also been added. Cracks in the framework of fractional thermoelasticity are also considered.
Fractional-in-Time Semilinear Parabolic Equations and Applications (Mathématiques et Applications #84)
by Ciprian G. Gal Mahamadi WarmaThis book provides a unified analysis and scheme for the existence and uniqueness of strong and mild solutions to certain fractional kinetic equations. This class of equations is characterized by the presence of a nonlinear time-dependent source, generally of arbitrary growth in the unknown function, a time derivative in the sense of Caputo and the presence of a large class of diffusion operators. The global regularity problem is then treated separately and the analysis is extended to some systems of fractional kinetic equations, including prey-predator models of Volterra–Lotka type and chemical reactions models, all of them possibly containing some fractional kinetics. Besides classical examples involving the Laplace operator, subject to standard (namely, Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin, dynamic/Wentzell and Steklov) boundary conditions, the framework also includes non-standard diffusion operators of "fractional" type, subject to appropriate boundary conditions.This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in mathematics, physics, mathematical engineering and mathematical biology, whose research involves partial differential equations.
Fractivism: Corporate Bodies and Chemical Bonds
by Sara Ann WylieFrom flammable tap water and sick livestock to the recent onset of hundreds of earthquakes in Oklahoma, the impact of fracking in the United States is far-reaching and deeply felt. In Fractivism Sara Ann Wylie traces the history of fracking and the ways scientists and everyday people are coming together to hold accountable an industry that has managed to evade regulation. Beginning her story in Colorado, Wylie shows how nonprofits, landowners, and community organizers are creating novel digital platforms and databases to track unconventional oil and gas well development and document fracking's environmental and human health impacts. These platforms model alternative approaches for academic and grassroots engagement with the government and the fossil fuel industry. A call to action, Fractivism outlines a way forward for not just the fifteen million Americans who live within a mile of an unconventional oil or gas well, but for the planet as a whole.
Fracture Mechanics of Electrically Passive and Active Composites with Periodic Cracking along the Interface (Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering)
by Volodymyr Loboda Sergey KozinovThis book offers a comprehensive and timely review of the fracture behavior of bimaterial composites consisting of periodically connected components, i.e. of bimaterial composites possessing periodical cracks along the interface. It first presents an overview of the literature, and then analyzes the isotropic, anisotropic and piezoelectric/dielectric properties of bimaterial components, gradually increasing the difficulty of the solutions discussed up to the coupled electromechanical problems. While in the case of isotropic and anisotropic materials it covers the problems generated by an arbitrary set of cracks, for the piezoelectric materials it focuses on studying the influence of the electric permittivity of the crack’s filler, using not only a simple, fully electrically permeable model, but also a physically realistic, semi-permeable model. Throughout the analyses, the effects of the contact of the crack faces are taken into account so as to exclude the physically unrealistic interpenetration of the composite components that are typical of the classical open model. Further, the book derives and examines the mechanical and electromechanical fields, stress and electric intensity factors in detail. Providing extensive information on the fracture processes taking place in composite materials, the book helps readers become familiar with mathematical methods of complex function theory for obtaining exact analytical solutions.
Fractured Cities: Capitalism, Community and Empowerment in Britain and America
by Brian D. JacobsAnglo-American cities face economic decline, social polarisation and racial conflict. Their fate is increasingly decided by the global actions of transnational corporations and market forces. Community groups find it difficult to gain access to the political system. Ethnic minorities strive for empowerment while indebted city governments battle to maintain basic services. Such is the urban crisis of the 1990s. Fractured Cities describes the political economy of urban change and explores the future of the city.
Fractured Communities: Risk, Impacts, and Protest Against Hydraulic Fracking in U.S. Shale Regions (Nature, Society, and Culture)
by Peter Hall Stephanie A. Malin Suzanne Staggenborg Anthony E. Ladd Hilary Boudet Sherry Cable Brittany Gaustad James Maples Tamara Mix Carmel Price Dakota K.T. Raynes Stacia Ryder Trang Tran Ion Bogdan Vasi Cameron Thomas Whitley Patricia WidenerWhile environmental disputes and conflicts over fossil fuel extraction have grown in recent years, few issues have been as contentious in the twenty-first century as those surrounding the impacts of unconventional natural gas and oil development using hydraulic drilling and fracturing techniques—more commonly known as “fracking”—on local communities. In Fractured Communities, Anthony E. Ladd and other leading environmental sociologists present a set of crucial case studies analyzing the differential risk perceptions, socio-environmental impacts, and mobilization of citizen protest (or quiescence) surrounding unconventional energy development and hydraulic fracking in a number of key U.S. shale regions. Fractured Communities reveals how this contested terrain is expanding, pushing the issue of fracking into the mainstream of the American political arena.
Fractured Rock Hydraulics
by Fernando Olavo FrancissUniquely devoted to hard and fractured rock hydraulics, this advanced-level introduction provides tools to solve practical engineering problems. Chapter I covers the fundamentals of fractured rock hydraulics under a tensor approach. Chapter II presents some key concepts about approximate solutions. Chapter III discuss a few data analysis techniques
Fractured Rock Hydrogeology (ISSN)
by John M. SharpUnderstanding of groundwater flow and solute transport in fractured rocks is vital for analysis of water resources, water quality and environmental protection, geotechnical and engineering projects, and geothermal energy production. This book includes theoretical and practical analyses using numerical modelling, geochemistry, isotopes, aquifer tests, laboratory tests, field mapping, geophysics, geological analyses, and some unique combinations of these types of investigation. Current water resource and geotechnical problems and the techniques now used are also discussed. Aimed at practicing hydrogeologists, engineers, ecologists, resource managers, students and earth scientists.
Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Reservoir Simulation (Springer Mineralogy)
by Jun Yao Zhao-Qin HuangThis book solves the open problems in fluid flow modeling through the fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs. Fractured vuggy carbonate reservoirs usually have complex pore structures, which contain not only matrix and fractures but also the vugs and cavities. Since the vugs and cavities are irregular in shape and vary in diameter from millimeters to meters, modeling fluid flow through fractured vuggy porous media is still a challenge. The existing modeling theory and methods are not suitable for such reservoir. It starts from the concept of discrete fracture and fracture-vug networks model, and then develops the corresponding mathematical models and numerical methods, including discrete fracture model, discrete fracture-vug model, hybrid model and multiscale models. Based on these discrete porous media models, some equivalent medium models and methods are also discussed. All the modeling and methods shared in this book offer the key recent solutions into this area.
Fracturing in Deep Boreholes: Stress, Structural and Lithology-controlled Fracture Initiation and Propagation in Deep Geothermal Boreholes in the Upper Jurassic Carbonate Rocks of the North Alpine Foreland Basin (Springer Theses)
by Georg Maximilian StockingerThe development of the base-load capable, climate-friendly, and practically inexhaustible source of "geothermal energy" represents an important pillar of the energy supply of the future. If it were possible to expand geothermal energy production accordingly, Germany could generate 100% of its energy in a climate-neutral manner by 2050. The joint research project "Dolomitkluft," funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy from 2016 to 2018, aims to establish a new and improved reservoir model for the Upper Jurassic carbonates of the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin for deep geothermal energy. Emerged from this project, the dissertation by Mr. Stockinger geomechanically and numerically characterizes the deep geothermal reservoir in carbonate rocks—limestones and dolomites—of the Upper Jurassic in the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin in over 4000 m depth. This book specifically addresses fracture initiation, propagation, and hydraulic conductivity around a borehole and their controlling factors such as the in situ stress, the existing discontinuity network, and the geomechanical rock properties. Mr. Stockinger has thus successfully addressed the most important aspects for the retrievability of deep geothermal energy at its point of origin—namely the (deep) borehole.
Fragile Grounds: Louisiana's Endangered Cemeteries (America's Third Coast Series)
by Mary H. Manhein Jessica H. SchexnayderRecipient of a 2018 Preserve Louisiana Award and a 2018 Coastal Stewardship AwardFragile Grounds compiles stories and photographs of endangered cemeteries throughout Louisiana's coastal zone and beyond. These burial places link the fragile land to the frailty of the state's threatened community structures. The book highlights the state's vibrant diversity by showing its unique burial customs and traditions, while it also identifies the urgent need for ongoing documentation of cultural elements at risk.Cemeteries associated with the culturally rich communities of Louisiana reflect the history and global settlement patterns of the state. Yet many are endangered due to recurring natural and man-made events. Nearly 80 percent of the nation's coastal land loss occurs in Louisiana. Coastal erosion, sinking land, flooding, storm surge, and sea-level rise have led to an inland migration that threatens to unravel the fabric of Louisiana and, by association, hastens the demise of its burial places.As people are forced inland, migrants abandon, neglect, or often overlook cemeteries as part of the cultural landscape. In terms of erosion, when the land goes, the cemetery goes with it. Cemeteries fall prey to inland and coastal flooding. As cities grow outward, urban sprawl takes over the landscape. Cemeteries lose out to forces such as expansion, eminent domain, and urban neglect. Not only do cemeteries give comfort for the living, but they also serve as a vital link to the past. Once lost, that past cannot be recovered.
Fragile Heritage in Chinese Ruralities: Enacting Architectural Tools to Valorize Historical Palimpsests (Research for Development)
by Gerardo SemprebonThis book explores the concept of fragile heritage as an architectural legacy and a territorial resource in rural China, emphasizing the significance in safeguarding its unique cultural trajectory, and laying the groundwork for future developments. Chinese rural buildings and settlements encapsulate priceless cultural values, but become increasingly vulnerable, under increasing pressures. Socioeconomic transitions, climate change, political agendas, land rent speculation, awakenings, and commodifications of cultural values, redefine the conceptual and operational framework of countryside transformation, and contribute to the debate on contemporary architectural and urban design. In this context, rural authenticity emerges as a crucial value in architectural morpho-typology, construction techniques, and expressive codes. The book introduces the notion of fragile heritage as the crossroad between folklore, academia, and practice. Next, it put in place reading methods to frame rural settlements as cultural palimpsests, indissolubly tying architectures to the landscape. These concepts are then applied to a multiscalar analysis of fifteen traditional architectures to uncover rural space and society's physical and cultural dimensions. Finally, it discusses recent revitalization projects, highlighting the potential role of architectural design. The research methodology relies on fieldwork campaigns in the Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces of China between 2017 and 2019 and a subsequent critical ri-elaboration that leverages the graphic apparatus as the fundamental investigative tool. The central idea put forward in this book is that, between tradition and innovation, the fragile heritage of past societies needs a cultural translation, interpretation, and negotiation to find space and life in the contemporary milieu.
Fragile Lands Of Latin America: Strategies For Sustainable Development
by John O. BrowderThis book of selected research papers, originally presented at the "Symposium of Fragile Lands of Latin America—The Search for Sustainable Uses," presents some fresh evidence of the viability of a few "non-conventional" strategies for natural resource development and management.
Fragments from the History of Loss: The Nature Industry and the Postcolony (AnthropoScene)
by Louise GreenThe Anthropocene’s urgent message about imminent disaster invites us to forget about history and to focus on the present as it careens into an unthinkable future. To counter this, Louise Green engages with the theoretical framing of nature in concepts such as the “Anthropocene,” “the great acceleration,” and “rewilding” in order to explore what the philosophy of nature in the era of climate change might look like from postcolonial Africa.Utilizing a practice of reading developed in the Frankfurt school, Green rearranges narrative fragments from the “global nature industry,” which subjugates all aspects of nature to the logic of capitalist production, in order to disrupt preconceived notions and habitual ways of thinking about how we inhabit the Anthropocene. Examining climate change through the details of everyday life, particularly the history of conspicuous consumption and the exploitation of Africa, she surfaces the myths and fantasies that have brought the world to its current ecological crisis and that continue to shape the narratives through which it is understood. Beginning with African rainforest exhibits in New York and Cornwall, Green discusses how these representations of the climate catastrophe fail to acknowledge the unequal pace at which humans consume and continue to replicate imperial narratives about Africa. Examining this history and climate change through the lens of South Africa’s entry into capitalist modernity, Green argues that the Anthropocene redirects attention away from the real problem, which is not human’s relation with nature, but people’s relations with each other.A sophisticated, carefully argued call to rethink how we approach relationships between and among humans and the world in which we live, Fragments from the History of Loss is a challenge to both the current era and the scholarly conversation about the Anthropocene.
Fragments from the History of Loss: The Nature Industry and the Postcolony (AnthropoScene: The SLSA Book Series #5)
by Louise GreenThe Anthropocene’s urgent message about imminent disaster invites us to forget about history and to focus on the present as it careens into an unthinkable future. To counter this, Louise Green engages with the theoretical framing of nature in concepts such as the "Anthropocene," "the great acceleration," and "rewilding" in order to explore what the philosophy of nature in the era of climate change might look like from postcolonial Africa.Utilizing a practice of reading developed in the Frankfurt school, Green rearranges narrative fragments from the "global nature industry," which subjugates all aspects of nature to the logic of capitalist production, in order to disrupt preconceived notions and habitual ways of thinking about how we inhabit the Anthropocene. Examining climate change through the details of everyday life, particularly the history of conspicuous consumption and the exploitation of Africa, she surfaces the myths and fantasies that have brought the world to its current ecological crisis and that continue to shape the narratives through which it is understood. Beginning with African rainforest exhibits in New York and Cornwall, Green discusses how these representations of the climate catastrophe fail to acknowledge the unequal pace at which humans consume and continue to replicate imperial narratives about Africa. Examining this history and climate change through the lens of South Africa’s entry into capitalist modernity, Green argues that the Anthropocene redirects attention away from the real problem, which is not human’s relation with nature, but people’s relations with each other.A sophisticated, carefully argued call to rethink how we approach relationships between and among humans and the world in which we live, Fragments from the History of Loss is a challenge to both the current era and the scholarly conversation about the Anthropocene.
Fragrances in the Environment (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #128)
by Vera Homem Nuno RatolaThis book offers a comprehensive and authoritative review of the key environmental areas and compartments where fragrances have been found and discusses the current challenges of their presence and potential hazards. The book starts with a chapter devoted to the manufacturing and characterization of the most relevant types of fragrances, and their emissions to the environment. Subsequent chapters cover topics such as fragrances’ toxic effects on the environment, their major routes of exposure, behaviour, and fate in different environmental matrices. Particular attention is given to ecotoxicological issues and the environmental impact of fragrances in wastewater treatment plants, surface waters, marine environments, soils, remote areas, and air. In this book, readers will find valuable insights into the bioaccessibility and availability of synthetic musks in seafood and the corresponding human exposure and health risks. The book also outlines the most promising analytical methods used for fragrance detection and quantification, and it discusses the risks and future trends in this field. Written by a multidisciplinary team of expert contributors, and considering its scope, this book is an essential tool not only for scholars and researchers in academia and industry but also for other stakeholders and decision-makers interested in the field of fragrances and their ecotoxicology, as well as environmental impacts.
Framing Commodities: Ein Beitrag zur Erklärung der Preiskrise für Rohstoffe am Beispiel von Agrarprodukten (RaumFragen: Stadt – Region – Landschaft)
by Gerhard HalderDie Jahre 2007/2008 brachten eine Preiskrise für Agrarprodukte und Nahrungsmittel, wie seit Jahrzehnten nicht mehr bekannt. Weltweit litten bis zu 115 Mio. Menschen zusätzlich Hunger. Unerhört war, dass die Krise im Vorfeld unerkannt blieb: Produktion und Verbrauch wurden wie in den Vorjahren angemessen prognostiziert, nicht aber die Preisspitzen und die Volatilität. Das Buch untersucht die Zusammenhänge, die zu dieser Preisekrise führten sowie auch die Gründe, warum deren Ursachen so lange unerkannt blieben.Während in der Wissenschaft, in der Politikberatung und in den Medien ganz überwiegend „realwirtschaftliche“ Faktoren von Störungen bei Angebot und Nachfrage (unzureichende Ernten in einzelnen Ländern, geringe Bevorratung, Biosprit-Boom, Nachfrageerhöhung v.a. in Asien) diskutiert wurden, lassen sich diese Argumente leicht dekonstruieren. Weder einzeln noch im Zusammenwirken können realwirtschaftliche Faktoren die Höhe und v.a. die Volatilität der Preise auch nur annähernd erklären.Dem gegenüber beklagen langjährige Akteure auf den Terminmärkten das zunehmende Auftreten neuer Akteure, die gewaltige Finanzvolumen einsetzen. Sie nutzen Terminbörsen für Rohstoffe – darunter Agrarrohstoffe – zur Absicherung ihrer Anlagen in anderen Märkten, da sich die Werte bei Rohstoffen angeblich gegenläufig zu anderen Anlageklassen bewegen. Zudem scheint es bei Terminkontrakten auf Rohstoffe eine Strategie zu geben, wie sich risikoarm verlässliche Renditen erzielen lassen.Eine unrühmliche Rolle kommt langjährig ausgewiesenen Vertretern der Wissenschaft zu: Sie legen theoretisch und empirisch dar, dass Spekulation auf den Terminmärkten ganz überwiegend keine signifikant (negative) Rolle bei den Preisentwicklungen zuzumessen ist. Diese Sichtweise setzt sich in den Internationalen Organisationen durch. Lediglich der Untersuchungsausschuss des US-Senats folgt den Einwänden der Praktiker, die auf folgende Sachverhalte verweisen: Die Wissenschaft nutzt eine völlig unangemessene Datenbasis, die nicht geeignet ist, übermäßige Spekulation aufzudecken. Sie setzt zur Analyse methodische Werkzeuge ein, die gerade bei hoher Volatilität der Preise unangemessen sind. Sie nutzten Theorien, die nur in idealen (theoretischen) Umgebungen Erklärungsgehalt bieten und in der Praxis keinerlei Relevanz besitzen.
Framing Community Disaster Resilience
by Stefan Schneiderbauer Maureen Fordham Hugh Deeming Christian Kuhlicke Lydia Pedoth Cheney ShreveAn essential guide to the foundations, research and practices of community disaster resilience Framing Community Disaster Resilience offers a guide to the theories, research and approaches for addressing the complexity of community resilience towards hazardous events or disasters. The text draws on the activities and achievements of the project emBRACE: Building Resilience Amongst Communities in Europe. The authors identify the key dimensions of resilience across a range of disciplines and domains and present an analysis of community characteristics, networks, behaviour and practices in specific test cases. The text contains an in-depth exploration of five test cases whose communities are facing impacts triggered by different hazards, namely: river floods in Germany, earthquakes in Turkey, landslides in South Tyrol, Italy, heat-waves in London and combined fluvial and pluvial floods in Northumberland and Cumbria. The authors examine the data and indicators of past events in order to assess current situations and to tackle the dynamics of community resilience. In addition, they put the focus on empirical analysis to explore the resilience concept and to test the usage of indicators for describing community resilience. This important text: Merges the forces of research knowledge, networking and practices in order to understand community disaster resilience Contains the results of the acclaimed project Building Resilience Amongst Communities in Europe - emBRACE Explores the key dimensions of community resilience Includes five illustrative case studies from European communities that face various hazards Written for undergraduate students, postgraduates and researchers of social science, and policymakers, Framing Community Disaster Resilience reports on the findings of an important study to reveal the most effective approaches to enhancing community resilience. The emBRACE research received funding from the European Community‘s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement n° 283201. The European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained in this publication.
Framing Discourse on the Environment: A Critical Discourse Approach (Routledge Critical Studies in Discourse)
by Richard AlexanderIn this study, Richard Alexander presents a series of original and empirically based case studies of the language and discourse involved in the discussion of environmental and ecological issues. Relying upon a variety of different text types and genres – including company websites, advertisements, press articles, speeches and lectures – Alexander interrogates how in the media, press, corporate and activist circles language is employed to argue for and propagate selected positions on the growing ecological crisis. For example, he asks: How are ecological and environmental concerns articulated in texts? What do we learn about ecological ‘problems’ through texts from differing sources? What language features accompany ecological discourse in differing contexts and registers? Attention is especially directed at where this discourse comes into contact with business, economic and political concerns.
Framing Nature: The Creation of an American Icon at the Grand Canyon (America’s Public Lands)
by Yolonda YoungsThe Grand Canyon of the Colorado River is an internationally known feature of the North American landscape, attracting more than five million visitors each year. A deep cultural, visual, and social history has shaped the Grand Canyon&’s environment into one of America&’s most significant representations of nature. Yet the canyon is more than a vacation destination, a movie backdrop, or a scenic viewpoint; it is a real place as well as an abstraction easily summoned in the minds of Americans. The Grand Canyon, or the idea of it, is woven into the fabric of American cultural identity and serves as a cultural reference point—an icon. In Framing Nature Yolonda Youngs traces the idea of the Grand Canyon as an icon and the ways people came to know it through popular imagery and visual media. She analyzes and interprets more than fourteen hundred visual artifacts, including postcards, maps, magazine illustrations, and photographs of the Grand Canyon, supplemented with the words and ideas of writers, artists, explorers, and other media makers from 1869 to 2022. Youngs considers the manipulation and commodification of visual representations and shifting ideas, values, and meanings of nature, exploring the interplay between humans and their environments and how visual representations shape popular ideas and meanings about national parks and the American West. Framing Nature provides a novel interpretation of how places, especially national parks, are transformed into national and environmental symbols.
Framing Strategic Urban Projects: Learning from current experiences in European urban regions
by Willem Salet Enrico GualiniPresenting the findings of extensive research into the development of planning tools and strategies since the early 1970s, this book addresses key issues in urban development/governance and brings together a range of different national experiences. Helpfully divided into three sections, Framing Strategic Urban Projects sets out the study framework, with its social, policy and institutional contexts; uses up-to-date European case studies to highlight different planning issues, including new-urbanism, information networks and public partnerships; and finally makes good-practice recommendations. Offering a systematic comparison of a wide variety of projects and providing useful case study material of these large-scale urban projects and recommendations, this book is essential reading for planners, policy makers and students interested in how to make strategic urban projects work effectively.